Study On Types Of Gender-Based Violence Against Female Health Extension Workers: The Case Of Paweworeda, Benishangulgumuz Regional State (original) (raw)
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Global Scientific Journal, 2021
Violence against individual(s) based on their sex is evident in all kinds of professionals where women are involved. Similarly, Gender based violence is practiced against female health extension workers. This study is trying to investigate the causes of gender-based violence against health extension workers at Pawe woreda. To achieve the proposed objective, qualitative research approach with case study design was employed. In the study, eleven semi structured interviewees, nine focus group discussants and nine key informants were participated. The interviewees and the focus group discussants were selected by using purposive sampling technique whereas the key informants were selected by using availability sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed by applying thematic data analysis technique. The study found out that lack of awareness, patriarchal thinking, the shun of gotts, lack of penalty, lack of security, jealousy, alcoholism, absence of workplace transfer and problems emanated from their personal behavior are the major causes of gender-based violence practiced against health extension workers. Therefore, Local and international organizations should intervene to challenge the gender-based violence practiced against health extension workers.
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2019
methods Interviews with 45 HEWs and four focus group discussions with 14 of the same HEWS from three regions in rural Ethiopia: Afar Region; Tigray Region (Adwa Woreda); and two locations in Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Region (Aleta Wondo Woreda and Kafa Zone). Two focus group discussions were conducted in Afar Region with 17 Women Extension Workers employed by Afar Pastoralist Development Association. results Using the Gender Equality Continuum as a gender analysis tool, we found that Ethiopia's Health Extension Program is gender aware by directly linking improved health outcomes for women and their empowerment. However, for HEWs who inhabit a gendered space and place from home to district health centres, there can be unexpected consequences that accommodate existing gender inequalities, are blind to them and perhaps even generate new forms of exploitation. conclusions The Health Extension Program could have more transformative outcomes for HEWs and also for communities if changing gender norms was given more attention and constraints to gender equality were reduced. Community Health Worker (CHW) programs should focus on better understanding on the role of gender for CHWs across health systems.
African journal of reproductive health, 2017
Gender-based violence is one of the major public health problems in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the perception and attitude of the community towards gender-based violence among married women in Northwest Ethiopia. A qualitative study was conducted using the purposive sampling technique for the three focus group discussions and ten in-depth interviews among married women. Data was analyzed thematically using version 3.4 of the Open Code Software. Most of the participants perceived that gender-based violence was acceptable in the community, violent acts needed to be considerably tolerated rather than condemned. Additionally, participants perceived that the consequences of gender-based violence were mild, and its elimination was difficult. Domestic violence was found to be common, marital rape was not clearly understood, and there was no tendency to disapprove it. This study revealed that the attitude of people and traditional norms played the major role in determining the acc...
Gender-Based Violence -Magnitude and Types in Northwest Ethiopia
Background: Violence Against Women (VAW) becomes a serious public health issue as unnecessary morbidity and mortalities affect women and girls. Women who experience violence had the possibility of another of violence. Although gender-based violence (GBV) is a common problem in Ethiopia, the burden is not well studied. Objective: This study determines the magnitude of Gender-Based Violence among women receiving Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in a Specialized Hospital. Methods: Institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital among gender-based violence (GBV) service users from January 2017 to January 2022. Data were collected from register logbooks and also medical records for some variables, using a tool prepared by refereeing literature and adapting locally available resources and researchers experiences. Epi-info 7 was used to enter the data and exported it to SPSS V-23 for analysis. Descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations are computed for all variables. Results: The lifetime proportion of sexual and physical violence was found to be 81% and 5%, respectively, while 3% of women experienced both sexual and physical violence. One hundred seventy (29.4%) of the incidents were done by an intimate-partners (boyfriend/husband). The majority (86%) had extra genital injuries. After genital examination, about one-fourth (25%) of survivors had fresh hymenal tears. About three-fourths (75.1%) of the survivors visit the health facility within threes day after the incident. Conclusion: The study found that GBV is common in Northwest Ethiopia. Future research should involve sensitive methods and grounded approaches to explore survivors' experiences and views on local gender cultures and other contextual factors. Establishing One-stop-center could improve the quality of the services provided to the women.
2008
Gender-based violence (GBV) is a common problem in many countries, leading to high levels of mortality and morbidity, especially of women. In the health sector, GBV presents in a cryptic manner due to fear by the victims, poor records, culture, inadequate staffing and inadequate equipment. In developing countries, there is also a lack of policies, standards and guidelines for case management. As a result, GBV cases are never recognized and are poorly managed. This study set out to assess the management of GBV victims in health facilities of Kabarole District, western Uganda. It aimed at profiling the common forms of GBV, the lifetime experience of GBV by ordinary residents, the accessibility of health services to GBV victims, the health services rendered to them and to analyse inter-sectoral collaboration on GBV issues. A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 400 respondents, 40 key informants and 2 FGDs was done in May and June 2006. Over 96% of the respondents had ever exper...
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2019
Background: Workplace violence is the intentional use of power, threatened or actual, against another person or against a group, in work-related circumstances, that either results in or has a high degree of likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal development, or deprivation. The aim of this study is to assess magnitude and predictors of workplace violence among healthcare workers in health facilities of Gondar city. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study design was employed to conduct this study. The study conducted in Gondar town from February 21 to march 21, 2016. Five hundred fifty three health care workers selected from health facilities of Gondar City administration. A stratified sampling technique was used for selecting the study subjects through simple random sampling. Data was collected by structured self administered questionnaire which is adapted from ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI after it is pretested & prepared in Amharic. The data was coded and entered in to EPI info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 software for analysis. The degree of association for variables was assessed using odds ratios with 95% confidence interval and p-value ≤0.05. Results: The prevalence of workplace violence was found to be 58.2% with [95% confidence interval (CI): (53.7, 62.3)] in which verbal abuse 282(53.1%) followed by physical attack 117(22.0%) and 38(7.2%) sexual harassment. Working at emergency departments [AOR = 3.99,95% CI:(1.49,10.73)], working at shifts [AOR = 1.98,95%, CI: (1.28,3.03)],short experiences [AOR = 3.09,95% CI: (1.20,7.98)], being nurse or midwife [AOR = 4.06, 95% CI: (1.20,13.74)] were positively associated with workplace violence. The main sources of violence are visitors/patient relatives followed by colleagues and patients. Conclusion: workplace violence is major public health problem across health facilities and the Ministry of Health should incorporate interventions in its different health sector development & management safety initiative.
BMC Psychiatry
Background Violence against Women (VAW) is a global public health problem; almost one in three global women experienced one form of violence. Violence free environment is the one that everyone cherishes. However, millions of women worldwide suffer from violence. In Ethiopia, VAW is very common and considered a private matter though it has serious consequences for girls and women. Studies pointed out that it varies by workplace, and hence important to assess it among female construction workers in Addis Ababa. Objective To assess the prevalence and factors contributing to gender-based violence on female construction workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods A cross-sectional study design with a multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select 827 study participants and a face-to-face interview was held from February 24 to April 24, 2021. Data entry was done using Epi info-7 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistics ...
Health Services for Survivors of Gender-Based Violence in Northern Uganda: A Qualitative Study
Reproductive Health Matters, 2008
The 20-year war in northern Uganda has resulted in up to 1.7 million people being internally displaced, and impoverishment and vulnerability to violence amongst the civilian population. This qualitative study examined the status of health services available for the survivors of gender-based violence in the Gulu district, northern Uganda. Semi-structured interviews were carried out in 2006 with 26 experts on gender-based violence and general health providers, and availability of medical supplies was reviewed. The Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) guidelines on gender-based violence interventions in humanitarian settings were used to prepare the interview guides and analyse the findings. Some legislation and programmes do exist on gender-based violence. However, health facilities lacked sufficiently qualified staff and medical supplies to adequately detect and manage survivors, and confidential treatment and counselling could not be ensured. There was inter-sectoral collaboration, but greater resources are required to increase coverage and effectiveness of services. Intimate partner violence, sexual abuse of girls aged under 18, sexual harassment and early and forced marriage may be more common than rape by strangers. As the IASC guidelines focus on sexual violence by strangers and do not address other forms of gender-based violence, we suggest the need to explore this issue further to determine whether a broader concept of gender-based violence should be incorporated into the guidelines.La guerre qui sévit depuis 20 ans au nord de l'Ouganda a déplacé jusqu'à 1,7 million de personnes à l'intérieur du pays, et appauvri la population civile, la rendant vulnérable à la violence. Cette étude qualitative a examiné les services de santé pour les victimes de violence sexiste dans le district de Gulu, au nord de l'Ouganda. Des entretiens semi-structurés ont été menés en 2006 avec 26 experts sur la violence sexiste et des soignants généralistes, et on a évalué la disponibilité des fournitures médicales. Les Directives du Comité permanent interorganisations (IASC) sur les interventions contre la violence sexiste dans les situations de crise humanitaire ont été utilisées pour préparer les guides d'entretien et analyser les données. Quelques lois et programmes traitent de la violence sexiste. Néanmoins, les centres de santé manquaient de personnel suffisamment qualifié et de fournitures médicales pour détecter et prendre correctement en charge les victimes ; le traitement et le conseil confidentiels ne pouvaient être garantis. Il existait une collaboration intersectorielle, mais davantage de ressources sont nécessaires pour élargir la couverture et relever l'efficacité des services. La violence du fait des partenaires intimes, l'abus sexuel de mineures, le harcèlement sexuel et les mariages précoces forcés sont peut-être plus fréquents que les viols perpétrés par des inconnus. Puisque les directives de l'IASC se centrent sur les actes de violence sexuelle d'inconnus et n'abordent pas d'autres formes de violence sexiste, nous pensons qu'il faut approfondir cette question pour déterminer s'il faut inclure un concept plus large de violence sexiste dans les directives.La guerra de 20 años en Uganda septentrional ha ocasionado el desplazamiento interno de 1.7 millones de personas, así como empobrecimiento y vulnerabilidad a la violencia entre la población civil. Este estudio cualitativo examinó el estado de los servicios de salud disponibles para las sobrevivientes de violencia basada en género, en el distrito Gulu de Uganda septentrional. En 2006, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con 26 expertos en violencia basada en género y prestadores de servicios de salud, y se analizó la disponibilidad de suministros médicos. A fin de preparar las guías de las entrevistas y analizar los resultados, se utilizaron las directrices del Comité Interinstitucional Permanente (IASC) respecto a las intervenciones relacionadas con la violencia basada en género en ámbitos humanitarios. Aunque existen algunos programas y legislación sobre este tipo de violencia, los establecimientos de salud carecían de personal suficientemente calificado y suministros médicos para detectar y manejar adecuadamente a las sobrevivientes, y no se podía garantizar tratamiento y consejería confidenciales. Hubo colaboración intersectorial, pero se necesitan más recursos para ampliar la cobertura y eficacia de los servicios. La violencia entre parejas íntimas, el abuso sexual de niñas menores de 18 años, el acoso sexual y el matrimonio temprano y forzado posiblemente sean más comunes que la violación perpetrada por extraños. Dado que las directrices del IASC se centran en la violencia sexual por extraños y no tratan otras formas de violencia basada en género, sugerimos explorar más este asunto para determinar si se debe incorporar en éstas un concepto más amplio de la violencia basada en género.
2020
The questions on what causes gender based violence and the factors that exacerbate it have been an area of rigorous academic writing and debate. Feminist explanation on the causes and consequences of gender based violence are very diverse and interlocked. Thus, the objective of this article is to critically analyze the causes and consequence of gender based violence’s in Oromiya regional state of Ethiopia. Thus, to effectively confront gender based violence, inequalities, in justice, the structures and systems which act as root causes of gender inequality must be addressed. Gender based violence is any act of physical, psychological, and sexual impacts on women by men due to the fact that they are women. In order to achieve the stated objectives, the reviewers critically and systematically reviewed different researches, articles and books and legal documents. Finally, the reviewers concluded that the government is unable to achieve its dream of achieving gender equality, eradication...