Localization of vacuole-related DR–essential proteins and lipids in yeast cells (original) (raw)

2012

Abstract

<p>In response to environmental triggers such as DR, membrane transporters (Opt2 and others) on the plasma membrane are endocytosed through lipid rafts (ergosterol-sphingolipids) after ubiquitinylation. On early endosomes, proteins and lipids are sorted to late endosomes, Golgi, or other organelles. In late endosomes, different endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) push the target proteins with their membranes into the lumen of late-endosome, or multivesicular bodies (MVB). Matured MVB can fuse with vacuoles, within which proteases and lipases (Atg15) degrade target proteins and lipids. In mammalian cells, maturation of late endosomes is essential for activation of the master regulator for growth, the mammalian target of rapamycin 1 (mTORC1). In yeast cells, TORC1 suppresses meiotic transcription factors which are normally only active during gametogenesis <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002834#pgen.1002834-Colomina1" target="_blank">[110]</a>. The inhibitory effects of DR on TORC1 thus activate these rejuvenation genes. EE: early endosome. LE: late endosome. MVB: multivesicular body. Black arrows indicate movement of vesicles. DR-essential proteins are labelled in their localized organelles. Localization data were extracted from the SGD database. Ypt7 localization on late endosomes was reported by <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002834#pgen.1002834-Balderhaar1" target="_blank">[111]</a>. Green arrows indicate activation and a red line indicates an inhibitory effect.</p

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