BlockELM A Public Blockchain Freight Exchange Protocol (original) (raw)

A Decentralized Application for Logistics: Using Blockchain in Real-World Applications

2018

A prototypical smart contract (wrapped as a decentralized application) is presented for investigating the potential benefits for applying Blockchain for Logistics. The decentralized application proposed exposes the various design challenges that programmers are likely to face when realizing the implementation of the application. The proposed methodology utilises the implementation of a dedicated smart contract that was developed based on a special-purpose structure for satisfying the requirements of the usecase. The evaluation was based on the execution of each of the functions measuring the gas costs and execution time. The prototype design was deployed and evaluated on a real-world Blockchain framework and can be considered as a first solution to how the Blockchain technology can be utilized within Logistics to overcome any barriers that may exist between professionals. In this paper we present a real implementation of a smart contract for the Logistics industry. The proposed dApp...

The Possibilities of Applying Blockchain Technology in Shipping

Pomorstvo

Blockchain technology is a decentralized database which stores the registry of property and transactions using a peer-to-peer network, secured by cryptography, and over time, its history is locked into blocks of data which are cryptographically connected and secured. The blockchain technology was primarily designed for application in cryptocurrency transactions and related digital agreements. Due to its immutable and infallible record of all transactions within the network, the potential of this technology for broad application has been recognized. This paper analyzes the possible advantages of applying blockchain technology in logistics and maritime transport.

Development of a Blockchain-Based On-Demand Lightweight Commodity Delivery System

arXiv (Cornell University), 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a surge in the use of online delivery services, which rely on user-generated content to promote collaborative consumption. Although Online Food Delivery (OFD) is a popular delivery system in Bangladesh, it has yet to ensure item authenticity, especially with the increasing demand for lightweight commodity delivery services across the country. The authenticity of products, involvement of multiple parties, and fair exchange are all challenging aspects of coast-to-coast services. Therefore, it is necessary for the three entities involved in the supply chain transaction-Seller, Carrier, and Buyer-to establish at least two peer-to-peer operations to ensure reliability and efficiency. To address these limitations and meet consumer expectations, the study proposes a framework for a nationwide on-demand marketplace for lightweight commodity items and a delivery system. Furthermore, transaction details are stored in a Blockchain to ensure the transparency and reliability of the proposed system.

How blockchain could be implemented for exchanging documentation in the shipping industry.pdf

The purpose of this study is to investigate the conditions under which blockchain technology can be adopted and the design criteria that are needed for exchanging shipping documentation in containerized shipping. To alleviate the impact of current documentation exchange mechanisms on supply chain efficiency in the maritime industry, this study aims at presenting guidelines for leveraging blockchain technology as a solution for exchanging documentation in the shipping industry. We conduct semi-structured interviews with representatives from business, IT, and public institutions. This qualitative data is analyzed through a theoretical framework comprising transaction cost economics, diffusion of innovation and design theory. Based on the theoretical model and stakeholder analysis, a set of eight design principles are proposed for the successful implementation of blockchain. These are (1) Immutability, (2) Decentralization, (3) Security, (4) Privacy, (5) Compatibility, (6) Scalability, (7) Inclusiveness and (8) Territoriality. Furthermore, the study investigates four potential approaches for the implementation phase affecting the likelihood of adoption by industry stakeholders. The exploratory approach and generic framework provides the groundwork and inspiration for further research in supply chain management and the emerging field of blockchain technology.

Trade Route: An Anonymous P2P Online Exchange Market Using Blockchain Technology

Springer, 2020

Due to the Internet rapid growth, e-commerce is becoming a new way for businesses to market their listings online and not be limited to local customers. Many buyers like to shop online because of the convenience. However, when clients shop online, many concerns emerge, such as worrying about how personal data will be handled, how secure/private the online site is, and whether or not the website should be trusted in the first place. In this paper, we propose a novel approach leveraging the blockchain technology to create a platform that helps peers exchange goods without the need to go through an intermediary or the use of any traditional currency. All peers in this platform will have to sell their goods in exchange for "Trade Coins" that are only usable in the "Trade Route" market.

Reflections on Using the Blockchain for Logistics and Supply Chain Management

Social Science Research Network, 2020

In an environment characterized by far-reaching digital mutations, connected objects, big data, platforms, etc., blockchain technology may lead to profound changes in the management of the logistics chains. This raises the question of the potentialities of such an innovative technology for logistics and, more generally, for SCM and its principles for managing flows and processes. This article proposes a forward-looking viewpoint on the uses of this technology for logistics and Supply Chain Management.

Blockchain-Based Traceability for Shipping Containers in Unimodal and Multimodal Logistics

IEEE Access

An unprecedented amount of goods and commodities are shipped and transported globally each day through different modes of transport. Due to its complexity, the maritime industry suffers from a lack of trust and secure ownership evidence, protracted documentation procedures, and excessive data aggregation. These shortcomings are reflected in cargo processing delays and elevated costs in the shipping process. Most of today's systems and technologies leveraged for managing shipping containers in unimodal and multimodal logistics fall short of providing transparency, traceability, reliability, audit, security, and trust features. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based solution that allows users to trace and track their container shipments in a manner that is decentralized, transparent, auditable, secure, and trustworthy. We employ the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to overcome the limited data storage problem. We develop smart contracts and present algorithms along with their full implementation, testing, and validation details in both unimodal and multimodal logistics. We present security and cost analyses to show that the proposed solution is secure and cost-efficient. Furthermore, we compare our proposed solution with the existing solutions to show its novelty. All developed smart contract codes are made publicly available on GitHub.

Applicability of blockchain technology in the global logistics systems

The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences (EpSBS), 2021

The 21st century has brought about Blockchain technology, which became a vital innovation in supply chain management and logistics. Blockchain technology is a digital ledger of replicated and disseminated transactions across all the nodes on the Blockchain network. Global logistics is the flow of data and resources between the point of origin and consumption. The arrival of the fourth industrial revolution enhanced the incorporation of technology into all logistics processes and led to the advent of Smart Logistics. The application of Blockchain technology in global logistics effectively advances and allows decentralization and immutable data storage. Blockchain technology has the capability to diminish errors, damage to goods, order delays, and multiple data entries. Essentially, Blockchain technology streamlines global logistics by making it more integrated, efficient, and transparent. The approach of this study can be described as a theory-building from multiple case studies. The study furnishes insight into Blockchain technology, its application and importance in global logistics and smart logistics, and possible opportunities and challenges to be encountered. The goal of this study is to emphasize how Blockchain technology can be advantageous to global logistics systems.

A blockchain-based architecture and smart contracts for an interoperable Physical Internet

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023

Transport and Logistics stakeholders utilise Blockchain to interact within their networks in a transparent and secure manner. This creates islands of disconnected communities which prohibits visibility across the entire supply chain. This paper introduces a framework, which aims at unifying multiple proprietary Blockchain systems, offering an opportunity to empower stakeholders across the entire supply chain to collaborate and exchange information seamlessly. The Blockchain Interoperability framework employs smart contracts, which aspire to automate previously cumbersome processes and bring value to the Physical Internet (PI) paradigm. Smart contracts guarantee a trustworthy and distributed process of contract negotiation and execution that significantly reduces time, administrative overheads, and costs which are currently typically spent on manual interorganisational processes.

Lelantos: A Blockchain-Based Anonymous Physical Delivery System

2017 15th Annual Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST), 2017

Real world physical shopping offers customers the privilege of maintaining their privacy by giving them the option of using cash, and thus providing no personal information such as their names and home addresses. On the contrary, electronic shopping mandates the use of all sorts of personally identifiable information for both billing and shipping purposes. Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin have created a stimulated growth in private billing by enabling pseudonymous payments. However, the anonymous delivery of the purchased physical goods is still an open research problem. In this work, we present a blockchain-based physical delivery system called Lelantos 1 that within a realistic threat model, offers customer anonymity, fair exchange and merchantcustomer unlinkability. Our system is inspired by the onion routing techniques which are used to achieve anonymous message delivery. Additionally, Lelantos relies on the decentralization and pseudonymity of the blockchain to enable pseudonymity that is hard to compromise, and the distributed consensus mechanisms provided by smart contracts to enforce fair irrefutable transactions between distrustful contractual parties.