A Preliminary Study on Architecting Cyber-Physical Systems (original) (raw)
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2013
ion The ability to construct abstract models, able to cover the essential aspects a design, is also considered of primary importance. Besides automatic abstraction methods, which can provide substantial help to the designer, innovation is required in the way in which abstraction is taught in schools. The major point is that abstraction is a skill that has to be learned through experimentation, rather than taught. Affordable formal methods Together with abstraction, the often critical character of CPS requires that its properties be checked formally, to ensure correctness. Affordability has to do with the ability to apply formal methods to chunks of design of sufficient size. The design should therefore be partitioned into parts whose granularity is appropriate for the application of formal methods. Compositionality would then be required to ensure the correctness of the entire system. Design space exploration In addition to reference architectures, the complexity of CPS requires new...
Cyber-Physical System Design from an Architecture Analysis Viewpoint
Cyber-Physical System Design from an Architecture Analysis Viewpoint, 2017
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Elsevier eBooks, 2017
Leveraging a comprehensive analysis of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in Europe, this chapter presents overall findings focusing on (i) a characterization of CPS, (ii) opportunities and challenges in representative CPS application domains, and (iii) recommendations for action resulting from a cross domain analysis. The characterization enables a high-level description of a CPS, or classes of CPS, according to their technical emphasis, cross-cutting aspects, level of automation and life-cycle integration. We illustrate how these characteristics can be used to relate to design issues, systems and related terms. The recommendations are to (1) Strengthen cross-disciplinary research collaboration, (2) Foster CPS education and training, (3) Stimulate public-private partnerships for CPS technology experimentation and to ensure dependable ICT infrastructure, (4) Promote interoperability of CPS technology, (5) Anticipate new business models and supporting open innovation, (6) Ensure trustworthiness including safety and security, and (7) Favor human-centered approaches to CPS.
Viewpoints, formalisms, languages, and tools for cyber-physical systems
Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Multi-Paradigm Modeling, MPM 2012, 2012
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are becoming indispensable in our modern way of life. As an application domain CPS is not new. As an intellectual discipline, however, it is. This paper focuses on CPS modeling, which is an essential activity in CPS design, with multiple challenges. In particular, stakeholders lack a systematic framework and guidelines to help them choose among the many available modeling languages and tools. We propose such a framework in this paper. Our framework consists of three elements: viewpoints, which capture the stakeholders' interests and concerns; concrete languages and tools, among which the stakeholders must make a selection when defining their CPS design environments; and abstract, mathematical formalisms, which are the "semantic glue" linking the two worlds. As part of the framework, we survey various formalisms, languages, and tools and explain how they are related. We also provide examples of viewpoints and discuss how they are related to formalisms.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2016
Unlike practices in electrical and mechanical equipment engineering, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) do not have a set of standardized and harmonized practices for assurance and certification that ensures safe, secure and reliable operation with typical software and hardware architectures. This paper presents a recent initiative called AMASS (Architecture-driven, Multi-concern and Seamless Assurance and Certification of Cyber-Physical Systems) to promote harmonization, reuse and automation of labour-intensive certification-oriented activities via using model-based approaches and incremental techniques. AMASS will develop an integrated and holistic approach, a supporting tool ecosystem and a self-sustainable community for assurance and certification of CPS. The approach will be driven by architectural decisions (fully compatible with standards, e.g. AUTOSAR and IMA), including multiple assurance concerns such as safety, security and reliability. AMASS will support seamless interoperability between assurance/certification and engineering activities along with third-party activities (external assessments, supplier assurance). The ultimate aim is to lower certification costs in face of rapidly changing product features and market needs.
Complexity Challenges in Development of Cyber-Physical Systems
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2018
In embarking towards Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) with unprecedented capabilities it becomes essential to improve our understanding of CPS complexity and how we can deal with it. We investigate facets of CPS complexity and the limitations of Collaborating Information Processing Systems (CIPS) in dealing with those facets. By CIPS we refer to teams of humans and computer-aided engineering systems that are used to develop CPS. Furthermore, we specifically analyze characteristic differences among software and physical parts within CPS. The analysis indicates that it will no longer be possible to rely only on architectures and skilled people, or process and model/tool centered approaches. The tight integration of heterogeneous physical, cyber, CPS components, aspects and systems, results in a situation with interfaces and interrelations everywhere, each requiring explicit consideration. The role of modelbased and computer aided engineering will become even more essential, and design methodologies will need to deeply consider interwoven systems and software aspects, including the hidden costs of software.
Reference Framework and Architecture for Development of Cyber-Physical Systems
2019
The strategic initiative Industry 4.0 implies integration of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing, leading to what is called "smart factory". The lack of theoretical foundation and methodologies creates barriers that may hamper the adoption, commercialization, and market success of the new CPS applications. The reference frameworks and architectures support the analysis and specification of domains, and facilitates the unification of methods used by various disciplines such as industrial engineering, control theory, communication and information technology, thus making possible their combined use. The paper presents an analysis of the benefits and use of reference frameworks and architectures in the development of CPS. Standardized meta-models of reference frameworks and architectures are presented. Particular attention is paid to the NIST reference framework and architecture of CPS, with a view to establishing a methodology for develo...
Cyber-Physical Systems: Concepts, technologies and implementation principles
The practical implementations of the paradigm of cyber-physical systems appear in many different forms. However, they can be identified based on their distinctive characteristics such as distributed, multiscaled, dynamic, smart, cooperative, and adaptive. The objective of our explorative research was to cast light on the key notions, prevailing theoretical understanding, and engineering concepts, and to investigate the main principles and resources of implementation. First, a proposal is made to replace the standard architectural reasoning model with one which expresses the growing synergy between the enabling technologies. Opposite to the conventional view that differentiates the implementation technologies as cyber and physical technologies, this reasoning model introduces the class of synergic technologies. These technologies gradually dissolve the boundaries between cyber and physical as the difference between atoms and bits is disappearing due to current technological achievements, such as particle-based computing, molecular sensors and nano-actuators. Then, the paper gives a concise overview of the various physical, synergic and cyber technologies. Finally, the paper discusses the most important design and implementation principles. Its main conclusion is that though a huge number of publications are available concerning the paradigm, constituents, architectures and enabling technologies of cyber-physical systems, this domain of knowing and development is still in its infancy and many research questions should be addressed from multiple aspects.
Framework for cyber-physical systems: volume 2, working group reports
The Public Working Group as initially organized comprised 5 subgroups: Vocabulary and Reference Architecture, Cybersecurity and Privacy, Data Interoperability, Timing, and Use Cases. This document presents the reports of the latter four of these subgroups. Subgroup 1, Vocabulary and Reference Architecture-This subgroup focused on developing a consensus CPS framework and common taxonomy. The results of this subgroup , informed by the work of the other subgroups , is presented in an accompanying volume: Framework for