Experimental design data for the biosynthesis of citric acid using Central Composite Design method (original) (raw)
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Bioresource Technology, 2007
In this work, sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical designs, was employed to enhance the production of citric acid in submerged culture. For screening of fermentation medium composition significantly influencing citric acid production, the two-level Plackett-Burman design was used. Under our experimental conditions, beet molasses and corn steep liquor were found to be the major factors of the acid production. A near optimum medium formulation was obtained using this method with increased citric acid yield by five-folds. Response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to acquire the best process conditions. In this respect, the three-level Box-Behnken design was applied. A polynomial model was created to correlate the relationship between the three variables (beet molasses, corn steep liquor and inoculum concentration) and citric acid yield. Estimated optimum composition for the production of citric acid is as follows pretreated beet molasses, 240.1 g/l; corn steep liquor, 10.5 g/l; and spores concentration, 10 8 spores/ml. The optimum citric acid yield was 87.81% which is 14 times than the basal medium. The five level central composite design was used for outlining the optimum values of the fermentation factors initial pH, aeration rate and temperature on citric acid production. Estimated optimum values for the production of citric acid are as follows initial pH 4.0; aeration rate, 6500 ml/min and fermentation temperature, 31.5°C.
Optimization Studies on Biosynthesis of Citric Acid by One-Factor-at-a-Time
Chemistry & Chemical Technology
In the presented study, the significant operating variables regarding biosynthesis of citric acid process were assessed and their effects on the process yield were analysed. These variables, namely, initial sucrose concentration, methanol concentration, inoculum density, initial medium pH, spore age, stirrer speed, incubation period, fermentation temperature, particle size distribution, oxygen flow rate, and moisture content have significant influence on bioprocess of citric acid production. Plackett-Burman approach was used to determine the most significant variables, which predominantly influence the citric acid production process. Out of the eleven variables, initial sucrose concentration, initial medium pH, stirrer speed, incubation period, fermentation temperature, and oxygen flow rate were found to be significant. The effect of the significant variables on the yield of citric acid has been validated experimentally by one-factor-at-a-time empirical optimization technique. The optimum conditions have been determined. The effect of each variable on the yield of citric acid was analysed critically.
This study investigated the production of citric acid from solid state fermentation of treated sugarcane bagasse using Aspergillus niger. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for the optimisation of fermentation conditions namely broth pH, fermentation time and substrate loading. A three-variable, three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) comprising 15 experimental runs was used to develop a statistical model for the optimisation of fermentation conditions. The optimal fermentation conditions that resulted in the maximum citric acid concentration were broth pH, 2.0; fermentation time, 6 days and substrate loading, 80 g/L. Under these conditions, the concentration of citric acid produced was 18.63 g/L. Validation of the model indicated no difference between predicted and observed values as seen in the high correlation between model predicted results and experimental results.
Production of Citric Acid from the Fermentation of Pineapple Waste by Aspergillus niger
The Open Chemical Engineering Journal
Background: Citric acid, aside its uses as a cleaning agent, has varied applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. A biotechnological fermentation process is one of the easiest ways to satisfy the demands for this useful commodity. Methods: The fermentation of pineapple waste by Aspergillus niger for the production of citric acid was investigated in this study. STATISTICA 8 release 7 (Statsoft, Inc. USA) statistical software was used for the design of experiments, evaluation, and optimization of the process using the central composite design (CCD), a response surface methodology approach. Lower-upper limits of the design for the operating parameters were temperature (25-35 oC), fermentation time (35-96 h), pH (3-6), methanol concentration (1-7%) and glucose (15-85 g/L). Twenty-seven duplicated experimental runs were generated for the CCD route. Results & Conclusion: The optimal operating conditions were validated at 38 g/L of glucose concentration, 3% (v/v) o...
Optimization of Chemical Parameters for the Production of Citric acid using Box-Behnken Design
Journal of Bioprocessing & Biotechniques, 2015
Statistical experimental design was employed for the improvement of citric acid production from Madhuca indica through submerged fermentation process using mutant fungi Aspergillus niger MTCC 282. Efficient production of citric acid by mutant Aspergillus niger MTCC 282 grown on a sugar rich byproduct requires the supplementation of the optimized quantities of nutrients. Optimization of chemical parameters for the production of citric acid was done by Box-Behnken design. Box-Behnken design was used to statistically compare different combinations of four different nutrients, namely Ammonium sulphate ((NH 4) 2 SO 4), Magnesium (Mg 2+), Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and Potassium phosphate (KH 2 PO 4), for the maximum production of citric acid. The optimum nutrient concentrations obtained using the Box-Behnken design were Ammonium sulphate ((NH 4) 2 SO 4) 0.2138 g/l, Magnesium (Mg 2+) 0.1896 g/l, Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) 0.3968 g/l and Potassium phosphate (KH 2 PO 4) 3 g/l. Under the optimum conditions, mutant Aspergillus niger MTCC 282 produced the maximum citric acid of 75 g/l of citric acid/ kg substrate at pH 4.
Process optimization for citric acid production from raw glycerol using response surface methodology
Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 2008
Statistical experimental design was applied for the optimization of medium constituents for citric acid production by Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3589 in submerged fermentation using raw glycerol as the carbon source. Response surface methodology (RSM) involving central composite design (CCD) was adopted to evaluate the amount of citric acid produced by most important factors, such as carbon concentration, nitrogen concentration, and salt solution concentration. A second order polynomial regression model was fitted and was found adequate with R 2 of 0.9485. The optimum conditions were found to be carbon concentration 38.77 g/L, nitrogen concentration 0.401 g/L, and salt solution concentration 12.3 % (v/v). Citric acid production at these optimum conditions was 13.41 g/L.
Citric acid production from hydrolysed corn starch was optimized in this study. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for the analysis of the simultaneous effect of substrate concentration, broth pH and fermentation temperature on the concentration of citric acid produced during fermentation of hydrolysed corn starch. A three-variable, threelevel Box-Behnken design (BBD) comprising 15 experimental runs was used to develop a second degree statistical model for the optimisation of the fermentation conditions. The optimal fermentation conditions that resulted in the maximum citric acid concentration were substrate concentration; 50 g/L, broth pH; 2.00 and fermentation temperature; 25ºC. Under these conditions, the concentration of citric acid was obtained to be 31.96 g/L. Validation of the model indicated no difference between predicted and observed values.
FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology
In this study, design of experiment (DOE) for response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyse and optimise the compositions of the nutrient medium (calcium ion, peptone, ethanol and manganese ion) for citric acid production from yam peels via solid state fermentation (SSF) using Aspergillus niger. A four variable, central composite design (CCD) was used to develop a statistical model for the process while RSM was used to optimise it. The results obtained showed that the model was statistically significant (p<0.0001) and displayed a good fit with the experimental observations (R2 = 0.997). Citric acid production was significant at high levels of ethanol and calcium while the reverse was the case for manganese and peptone. The optimum values of ethanol, manganese, calcium and peptone were 7.0% v/v, 1.0 g/l, 0.1 g/l and 0.1 g/l respectively. Under these conditions, the citric acid concentration was obtained as 66 g/l. Validation of the statistical model showed an insignifican...
The study investigated the use of sweet potato peel hydrolysate (SPPH) as a potential substrate for citric acid (CA) production. Effect of methanol on the synthesis of CA was initially investigated. The fermentation process involved was optimized by the application of response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the effect of SPPH concentration, methanol concentration, and time, and their reciprocal interactions on CA amount produced. The highest CA concentration was observed on the 4 th day of fermentation and the medium induced with methanol produced higher amount of CA (16 g/l) than medium without methanol supplementation (11.37 g/l). The results obtained for the optimization studies showed that a statistically significant (p<0.05) quadratic model best described the fermentation process. The highest CA predicted using the quadratic model obtained was 15.97 g/l at the optimal condition of SPPH concentration of 150 g/l, time of 3.61 days, and methanol concentration of 3 volume %. Using these optimal condition values in setting up three independent replicates, an average experimental value of 15.98 g/l was obtained, which was well within the range predicted by the model. This work demonstrated that SPPH could serve as an inexpensive and novel feedstock for CA bioproduction.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015
Objective: The present study made an attempt to produce commercially valuable citric acid by the fungal strain Aspergillus niger from molasses and corncob using submerged fermentation, as the best alternative to the sugar substrate. Methods: Three types of production media were prepared including control (sucrose) by following standard fermentation conditions. The acid production was indicated by the reduction of pH levels. The citric acid content and residual sugars of the final hydrolysate were estimated by the Marrier and Boulet method and Anthrone Sulphuric acid method respectively. Results: The control production medium gave yield of 4.6 milligrams per milliter (mg/ml) at pH 3.0 on 10 th Conclusion: Molasses and corncob when replaced with sucrose in the fermentation medium produced significant amount of citric acid. The results imply the effective use of molasses and corncob as an alternative substrate for the production of commercially valuable, citric acid with a cost effective approach. day. The medium containing molasses and other compositions gave the yield of 10.4 mg/ml, whereas corncob medium and other compositions gave the yield of 5.3 mg/ml at pH 2.5. The medium containing molasses and corncob separately with 5 percent (%) sucrose gave the highest yield of 12.6 mg/ml and 6.7 mg/ml at pH 3.0 respectively. Different factors affecting citric acid production by fermentation were also studied. Sucrose was found superior for maximum citric production at optimum incubation temperature at 30 degree Celsius (⁰C). The nitrogen supplements, ammonium sulphate and ammonium chloride at a concentration of 0.25 % and 0.5% respectively gave the highest yield, whereas the methanol concentration of 2% was found optimum for obtaining maximum yield of citric acid.