Discipline Inequities Between White and Hispanic Middle School Students: An Analysis of the Research Literature (original) (raw)

The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing literature and studies regarding discipline consequence type by ethnic membership, and the influence that discipline consequence type has on academic achievement. Accordingly, the topic areas addressed herein are: 1) the history of school discipline; 2) the demographics of the United States; 3) education equity and the law, with an emphasis on zero tolerance, the intention and modification of zero tolerance, opposition to zero tolerance, and zero tolerance in middle schools; 4) the discipline of White and Hispanic students, with an emphasis on the middle school level and possible reasons for discipline inequity between White and Hispanic students; 5) the White and Hispanic student achievement gap; and, 6) relevant theoretical frameworks (i.e., equity theory and equity of educational opportunity theory), applicable to this investigation. A summary will conclude this literature review.

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