Energy aware multi-path and multi-SPEED routing protocol in wireless sensor networks (original) (raw)
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Energy and QoS Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
Cluster Computing, 2005
Many new routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks in recent years. Almost all of the routing protocols considered energy efficiency as the ultimate objective since energy is a very scarce resource for sensor nodes. However, the introduction imaging sensors has posed additional challenges. Transmission of imaging data requires both energy and QoS aware routing in order to ensure efficient usage of the sensors and effective access to the gathered measurements. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware QoS routing protocol for sensor networks which can also run efficiently with best-effort traffic. The protocol finds a least-cost, delay-constrained path for real-time data in terms of link cost that captures nodes' energy reserve, transmission energy, error rate and other communication parameters. Moreover, the throughput for non-realtime data is maximized by adjusting the service rate for both real-time and non-real-time data at the sensor nodes. Such adjustment of service rate is done by using t wo different mechanisms. Simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach for different metrics with respect to the baseline approach where same link cost function is used without any service differentiation mechanism.
QoS and energy aware routing for real-time traffic in wireless sensor networks
Computer Communications, 2006
Wireless sensor networks are being built to facilitate automated information gathering in military, industrial, environmental and surveillance applications. Many such applications of Sensor Networks require improved QoS (packet delivery within a defined deadline) guarantees as well as high reliability. These applications demand high packet delivery ratio and are extremely delay-sensitive. However, certain factors limit the ability of the multihop sensor network to achieve the desired goals. These factors include the delay caused by network congestion, hot regions in the network, limited energy of the sensor nodes, packet loss due to collisions and link failure. In this paper, we propose an energy aware dual-path routing scheme for real-time traffic, which balances node energy utilization to increase the network lifetime, takes network congestion into account to reduce the routing delay across the network and increases the reliability of the packets reaching the destination by introducing minimal data redundancy. This paper also introduces an adaptive prioritized Medium Access Layer (MAC) to provide a differentiated service model for real-time packets. Our claims are well supported by simulation results. q
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are required to provide energy efficiency and different level of Quality of Service (QoS) based on the type of applications. Due to resource constraints like memory, power sources, bandwidth and processing power in WSNs, the energy efficient routing and QoS support becomes an important issue. In this paper we propose Analysis of QoS Parameters for Energy Efficient Routing protocol (we shortly named as AQSER) that maximize the network lifetime through traffic balancing across multiple nodes.
A new QoS aware and energy efficient opportunistic routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 2016
Energy efficiency and Quality of Service (QoS) providing are known to be critical design concerns in routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Recent studies, demonstrate that Opportunistic Routing (OR) can greatly improve the performance of WSNs by exploiting the broadcast nature of the wireless medium. In this paper, we propose a new QoS aware and Energy efficient Opportunistic Routing protocol (QEOR) to efficiently routing data under QoS and energy constraints for WSNs. QEOR uses a new multi-metric QoS based candidate selection method in order to accurately select and prioritise the candidate forwarders. The selection is focused on a QoS function that takes into consideration the reliabilty of buffers and links, while the prioritisation is established according to transmission delays. To achieve an obvious improvement on the energy consumption, QEOR uses an energy efficient coordination method and an implicit ACKnowledgement scheme for collision and redundancy avoidance. Simulation results show that QEOR provides best performances as compared to other OR protocols.
Energy-aware delay-constrained routing in wireless sensor networks
International Journal of Communication Systems, 2004
Recent years has witnessed a growing interest in the applications of unattended wireless sensor networks. Typically sensors collect data about their surrounding and forward that data to a gateway (sink). Due to the limitation of the energy supply that these miniaturized sensors have, almost all of the proposed routing protocols have aimed at energy efficiency as the ultimate objective and considered relaying data to a stationary gateway. However, many new issues have been posed by the increasing interest in applications that demand certain quality of service (QoS) guarantees. Such issues even get more challenging when the gateway is mobile. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware approach for routing delay-constrained data. The approach pursues multi-hop packet relaying to minimize transmission energy and employs Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) packet scheduling methodology along with leaky bucket constrained data sources in order to provide soft real-time guarantees for data delivery. Such employment of WFQ at each node provides a service differentiation between two different classes of traffic, namely real-time and non-real-time traffic and divides the outgoing link capacity among such classes accordingly. In the case of a mobile gateway, uninterrupted data flow for both types of traffic is achieved by dynamic adjustment of the route setup to react to the gateway's departure out of transmission range of relaying nodes. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for popular performance metrics.
Energy Efficient QoS based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
2015
There has been a recent advancement in wireless sensor networks (WSN) that have led to many new routing protocols formulated and designed specifically for these networks.Energy efficiency was considered as the fundamental goal by most of these routing protocols in order to augment the lifetime of the entire network. But due to the development and initiation of video and imaging sensors, additional challenges need to be faced. For productive management of the sensors and adequate access to the gathered measurements, transmission of imaging and video data requires bothQoS aware and energy efficient routing protocols. In this paper, we present the various requirements for QoS and challenges faced in sensor networks and also provide a comparative analysis of various traditional QoS routing protocols. Keywords-Wireless networks, wireless sensor networks, quality of service, routing protocol.
The current challenge in wireless sensor networks is high data delivery ratio with low energy consumption. In this paper, a node that has collected maximum amount of data (buffer is maximum) is given first priority to access the channel, and send the collected data to the Sink through greedy routing. To achieve high delivery ratio with low energy consumption, data is forwarded along a multiple path to save energy, and a high data delivery ratio is achieved by path repair whenever a break is detected .We propose a simple path repairing protocol , whereby a node can skip over path break. Some of the important parameter like packet delivery ratio, path set up time and data transmission time; are studied.
Energy aware routing for wireless sensor networks
… 2005. Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium …, 2005
Self organizing, wireless sensors networks are an emergent and challenging technology that is attracting large attention in the sensing and monitoring community. Impressive progress has been done in recent years even if we need to assume that an optimal protocol for every kind of sensor network applications cannot exist. The energy constraint sensor nodes in sensors networks operate on limited batteries, so it is a very important issue to use energy efficiently and reduce power consumption. Many routing protocols have been proposed among these protocols, the adaptive routing protocols are very attractive because they have low routing overhead. As a result, the routes tend to have the shortest hop count and contain weak links, which usually provide low performance and are susceptible to breaks. In this paper we introduce an adaptive routing protocol called energy aware routing that is intended to provide a reliable transmission environment with low energy consumption. This protocol efficiently utilizes the energy availability and the received signal strength of the nodes to identify the best possible route to the destination. Simulation results show that the energy aware routing scheme achieves much higher performance than the classical routing protocols, even in the presence of high node density and overcomes simultaneous packet forwarding.
REVIEW OF QUALITY OF SERVICE IN ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Rapid innovative improvements in wireless communication technology have revolutionized wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A WSN is comprised of self-ruling sensors that are distributed spatially to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion, or pollutants, and to pass this information through the network to a main area. Sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks experience the ill effects of resource constraints, such as energy deficits, buffers, and bandwidth issues. The expanding demand for real-time services in WSN applications means that interest in quality of service (QoS)-based routing has risen. Offering consistent QoS in sensor networks creates considerable challenges. In real time applications, it is important to deliver data as soon as it is sensed. If the network has multiple real and non-real-time applications, its ability to manage them will be challenging due to different requirements. In this study, we investigate QoS-based routing protocols for WSNs. Metrics of analysis are end-to-end delay, congestion, energy efficiency, and reliability. The aim of the study is to identify the limitations of relevant papers and show research direction in routing. This will not only help new comers to the field of WSN but also will ease the tasks of WSN researchers in developing appropriate routing solutions for WSNs.