Risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle and their possible cause-effect relation for disease (original) (raw)
Related papers
Theriogenology, 2004
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of neosporosis in an area of intensive dairy production, in Portugal. Sera samples were obtained in a random basis from 114 cows in 49 herds (group A), and from 1237 cows in 36 herds with a history of abortion outbreaks (group B). All sera samples were tested for neosporosis by direct agglutination test (DAT). Additionally, attempts to isolate Neospora caninum in 42 aborted bovine fetuses from 38 dairy herds (group C) were carried out, utilizing a bioassay with immuno-depressed Swiss Webster mice. Parasitological confirmation was done by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The prevalence of neosporosis in the group A was 28%. Group B had a significantly (P < 0:001) higher prevalence (46%) and Neospora caninum was isolated in 36% of the aborted fetuses (group C). These results indicate that neosporosis, a disease only recently (2001) diagnosed in Portugal, has a high prevalence in the country, particularly in populations with a story of abortion. Thus, neosporosis should systematically be considered in the differential diagnosis of abortion. In the context of embryo transfers, the importance of selecting Neospora-free embryo recipients is discussed, as well as the pertinence of assessing the Neospora status of traded and imported cattle.
Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dairy cattle in Bahia, Brazil
Veterinary Parasitology, 1999
Article history Among the protozoa of veterinary importance, Neospora caninum is responsible for large economic and productive losses in cattle herds, with dogs being considered the definitive hosts of the parasite. The objective of this research was to study the prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies and the infection risk factors in dairy cattle and dogs in the Gado Bravo municipality of the Agreste region in Paraíba State, Brazil. Blood sera from 220 cows and 20 dogs were used, altogether obtained from a total of 21 farms. For detection of the anti-N. caninum IgG antibodies, the indirect immunofluorescence reaction was performed. Sera that reacted at dilutions of ≥1:200 and 1:50 for the cows and dogs, respectively, were considered positive. The analysis of risk factors was performed with the variables most associated with N. caninum infection, obtained by epidemiological questionnaire. The prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was 12.27% among the cows and 57.14% on rural properties where at least one cow was positive. Among the dogs studied, a prevalence of 25% was observed. The non-vaccination of dogs against viruses, leptospirosis, or giardiasis was considered a risk factor associated with seroprevalence for N. caninum infection (odds ratio = 9.33). Therefore, it can be concluded that dairy cattle and dogs from rural properties in the Agreste region are very likely exposed to the infection caused by N. caninum.
Veterinary World, 2022
Background and Aim: Neospora caninum is one of the most common infectious organisms worldwide that causes abortion in cattle. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have focused on N. caninum infection in the local Atlas brown cattle from Northeast Algeria. This study aimed to assess the importance of bovine neosporosis for causing abortion in Atlas brown cattle and to identify selected risk factors. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was performed on 60 control farms and 30 case farms. We collected 650 blood samples from 650 pregnant cows from 90 farms in five Algerian provinces; Jijel, Skikda, Annaba, El-Tarf, and Souk- Ahras. Sera samples were analyzed for the presence of antibodies against N. caninum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: The seroprevalence of N. caninum infection in the cows was 36.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.7-39.8) and in the farms was 81.1% (95% CI: 73.0-89.2). Risk factors found by multivariable logistic regression included: Presence of dogs (odds ratio [OR] 4.7, 95 CI 2.9-7.3); age ≥84 months (OR 4.9, 95 CI 2.8-8.3); Jijel region (OR 2.2, 95 CI 1.1-4.5); white (OR 2.5, 95 CI 1.4-4.4) and gray (OR 2.5, 95 CI 1.4-4.5) coat; moderate (OR 2.30, 95 CI 1.4-3.8) and bad (OR 3.1, 95 CI 1.8-5.3) hygiene; and second (OR 2.5, 95 CI 1.4-4.4); and last (OR 2.3, 95 CI 1.3-4.2) stage of pregnancy. Our case-control study showed no significant association between seropositivity of N. caninum and abortion at the farms level (OR 0.9, 95 CI 0.3-2.7). Similarly, there was no significant association between seropositivity of N. caninum and abortion at the individual level (OR 0.8, 95 CI 0.6-1.2). Conclusion: This is the first study of N. caninum infection in pregnant local cows from Northeast Algeria. The prevalence rate of antibodies against N. caninum was high. Almost all risk factors studied for infection were significantly associated with seroprevalence. Our analysis showed no relation between N. caninum infection and abortion. Consequently, these local cows are resistant to abortion caused by N. caninum.
Objectives. To determine Neospora caninum seroprevalence in nonvaccinated dairy cattle from the Northern plains of Antioquia. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of neosporosis in a major dairy area of Colombia. Blood samples were collected from 1003 dairy cattle in 29 herds located in the municipality of San Pedro de los Milagros, in Antioquia. N. caninum antibody levels were measured by an enzymatic immunoassay (ELISA) and the results classified as positive or negative. Results. Seropositive cattle were observed in all herds, with a prevalence ranging from 7 to 97% and a mean (±S.E) of 37.1% (±4.2). The distribution of seropositive animals by age groups of <1, 1-2, 2-3 and ≥3 years old was 25.5, 30.3, 46.1 and 39.1%, respectively. Conclusions. There is a high seroprevalence of N. caninum in the main dairy cattle area of Antioquia. The large variation among herds suggests the presence of mayor risk factors whose identification would be essential to establish control programs. Considering that any seropositive cow has a greater risk to abort than uninfected mates, future studies should address the epidemiology of abortions that can be attributed to neosporosis and the type of control strategies that could be implemented. RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar la seroprevalencia de Neospora caninum en ganado lechero sin vacunar del altiplano Norte de Antioquia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal para determinar la prevalencia de neosporosis en bovinos de la principal zona lechera antioqueña. En Mayo-Junio del 2014 se recolectaron muestras de sangre de 1003 bovinos en 29 hatos ubicados en el municipio de San Pedro de los Milagros, en Antioquia. Los niveles de anticuerpos de N. caninum se midieron mediante un kit de inmunoensayo enzimático (ELISA) y los resultados se clasificaron como positivos o negativos. Resultados. Se observaron bovinos seropositivos en todos los hatos, con una prevalencia entre el 7 y 97%, y una media (±SE) del 37.1% (±4.2). La distribución de los animales seropositivos por grupos
Neospora caninum serostatus in dairy cattle of the Northern plains of Antioquia, Colombia
Objectives. To determine Neospora caninum seroprevalence in nonvaccinated dairy cattle from the Northern plains of Antioquia. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of neosporosis in a major dairy area of Colombia. Blood samples were collected from 1003 dairy cattle in 29 herds located in the municipality of San Pedro de los Milagros, in Antioquia. N. caninum antibody levels were measured by an enzymatic immunoassay (ELISA) and the results classified as positive or negative. Results. Seropositive cattle were observed in all herds, with a prevalence ranging from 7 to 97% and a mean (±S.E) of 37.1% (±4.2). The distribution of seropositive animals by age groups of <1, 1-2, 2-3 and ≥3 years old was 25.5, 30.3, 46.1 and 39.1%, respectively. Conclusions. There is a high seroprevalence of N. caninum in the main dairy cattle area of Antioquia. The large variation among herds suggests the presence of mayor risk factors whose identification would be essential to establish control programs. Considering that any seropositive cow has a greater risk to abort than uninfected mates, future studies should address the epidemiology of abortions that can be attributed to neosporosis and the type of control strategies that could be implemented.
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2010
The aims of the present study were to examine the seroprevalence of neosporosis in beef herds from three southern states of Mexico and determine the association with several risk factors. A cross-sectional serological survey for Neospora caninum was carried out by sampling a total of 596 animals from 31 herds in Chiapas, Veracruz, and Yucatan States and tested using an ELISA assay (IDEXX) to detect anti-N. caninum antibodies. The overall prevalence was 11.6%, (95% CI: 0.93-0.14), however, the prevalence for Chiapas was 15% (30/200) (95% CI: 0.11-0.21), in Yucatan 11.3% (21/186) (95% CI: 0.07-0.17) and in Veracruz 8.6% (18/210) (95% CI: 0.05-0.13). Of the 596 serum samples taken, 578 were from females and 18 were bulls., Only one bull sample was found seropositive from one herd in Veracruz State.
Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 2018
Neospora caninum causes reproductive disorders in dairy cattle such as repeat breeding, abortion, and anestrus, which are risk factors associated with the seroprevalence of N. caninum in Brazil and worldwide. This study aimed to verify the risk factors related to the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in crossbred dairy cows in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. During, January to July 2013, 740 blood samples were collected from 57 herds with a history of reproductive disorders and determinations of antibody titers against N. caninum were obtained by ELISA assay. The seroprevalence of N. caninum was 18.4% (136/740). Risk factors for N. caninum were cows greater than 2 years of age (P = 0.034), mechanical milking (P = 0.012), and frequent purchase of animals (P = 0.004), in addition to individual history of abortion (P = 0.007) and repeat breeding (P = 0.030). The highest probability of occurrence of associated risk factors was associated with individual history of abortion and re...
Veterinary Parasitology, 2004
To determine the prevalence of Neospora caninum antibodies and associated factors, blood sera from 623 female dairy cattle from 23 farms in the north of the state of Paraná, Brazil, were analyzed by means of the indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test (IFAT ! 25). Serum samples from 134 dogs living on the same farms also were tested for N. caninum antibodies (IFAT ! 50), and the presence of dogs was associated with the prevalence of N. caninum antibodies in cattle. The overall seroprevalence in cattle was 14.3%, mainly in animals over 24 months of age. Seroprevalence in Holsteins (15.1% of 558) was greater than in mixed-breed cattle (7.7% of 65). Age (!24 months) of cattle, feeding silage and/or concentrate produced on the farm were associated; antibodies were found in 21.6% of dogs; and the presence of dogs was associated with the prevalence of N. caninum antibodies in cattle.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, 2014
Both cattle and dogs were examined in modern and rural dairy farms that had a history of abortion over 5%. The blood samples were collected from 427 aborted cattle and the sera were tested using a commercial ELISA test kit. Additionally, a necropsy procedure was carried out on the fetuses and calves dead within 2 months after birth; the tissue samples were evaluated by histopathologic, immunoperoxidase, and PCR techniques. Eighteen dogs in close contact with the cattle in the same field were included in the study and blood and feces samples were collected. The feces samples were analyzed by copro-PCR and the sera were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody test. As a result, 161 out of 427 sera samples (37.7%) were found positive for N. caninum. In cattle, the lowest seropositivity was 6.7% and the highest seropositivity was 74.24%. Neosporosis seroprevalence in integrated holdings was lower than those of rural dairy cattle facilities (66.7%). The seropositivity for N. caninum in dogs was determined as 72.7% in rural holdings and 28.6% in integrated holdings. According to the risk analysis, N. caninum-seropositive cows had greater exposure to N. caninum-seropositive dogs in rural family holdings and integrated holdings (P = 0.054, odds ratio = 0.929; and P= 0.008, odds ratio = 0.986, respectively).