Impact of Cyclone on Livelihood Pattern in the South Western Coastal Region of Bangladesh: Pirojpur (original) (raw)
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Post-cyclone livelihood status and strategies in coastal Bangladesh
Keywords: Cyclone, Livelihood Capitals, Livelihood Strategies, Adversity and Crisis, Bangladesh. , 2014
The objective of this paper is to assess post-cyclone livelihood capitals status, identify major livelihood groups, adversity and crisis, and present the livelihood strategies of coastal households. Based on a questionnaire survey at household level, a total 331 out of 792 households are selected through simple random sampling from three purposively selected villages in the central coast of Bangladesh. Both descriptive and inferential statistics are used to analyse data. The present study identifies wage labour, fisher and farmeras major livelihood groups. Among the three villages, Island reveals less livelihood capitals than Inland and shoreline. Although natural capital of Island is relatively higher, however, scarcity of other capitals hinders proper utilization of the potentials of such capital. Social capital of Island is significantly lower than other two villages, which unveils relatively lesser social coherence of Islanders, and which is most important to survive in post-cyclone situation. Likewise, among the livelihood groups, wage labourer owes less livelihood capitals than farmer and fishermen. Majority of the households irrespective of their village locations identifies recurrent cyclones and induced storm surges as major adversities which significantly destroys their livelihoods. Therefore, households in study villages diversify income sources wherever possible and most importantly while face the crisis. In general, livelihoods of Islanders and Shoreline villagers, wage labourer and fish fry collectors are most vulnerable to any cyclone events. Hence, the present study advocates for identifying vulnerable locations and livelihood groups, and livelihood capitals building for such groups and promoting coordinated disaster risk reduction programs to mitigate cyclone impacts and providing assistance for rebuilding post-cyclone livelihoods.
The Socio-Economic Impact Due to Cyclone Aila in the Coastal Zone of Bangladesh
2017
Bangladesh is considered one of the most vulnerable countries for climate change in the world because of increased intensity and frequency of natural disasters. Its geographical location makes it prone to many kinds of hazards, e.g. cyclones, floods, earthquakes, etc. which cause huge losses of lives and damage properties, livelihoods, and economic infrastructure. The coastal regions are relatively more vulnerable to frequent natural disaster. This study tries to explore the socioeconomic impact of cyclone Aila affected people on the coastal zone of Bangladesh, especially Shyamnagar Upazila under Satkhira district, which is the most affected area. This study based on secondary data sources that are in agreement with the above background and stated research problem. The analysis of these secondary data assists us in understanding the socioeconomic impact of cyclone Aila. Findings show that when cyclone Aila happened that time many roads, culverts, embankment, agricultural field, houses and educational institutes have been damaged. The study also suggests that impact of Aila on study area is severe. Salinity intrusion, freshwater crisis, livelihood pattern change, health, sanitation and malnutrition are caused by this disaster, which also creates other problems. Many people have left their own house and also live very unfavourable life.
Regional Impact of Cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh: A Multi-Sector Analysis
International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2016
This research investigates the impact of cyclone Sidr on six regional economic systems of Bangladesh. The study uses secondary data on direct damages and corresponding changes in consumer spending and public/private investment expenditure. It employs input-output modeling and simulates the changes in national and regional output, income, and employment due to cyclone Sidr. Our findings indicate that coastal regions of Bangladesh-Barisal, Chittagong, and Khulna-are more vulnerable to cyclone disaster than are other parts of the country. The cycloneinduced loss of output is highest for Chittagong Division and income and employment losses are greatest in Barisal Division. The most affected sectors are housing services, agriculture, construction, and industrial activities. But sectoral losses vary widely across the regions. This research also finds that the present state of consumer spending and investment expenditure is not great enough to handle cyclone-induced output, income, and employment losses. It argues that investment decisions must consider regional patterns of output, income, and employment losses in different economic sectors to ensure cyclone-resilient development in Bangladesh.
Study on the Health Status of Coastal People in Bangladesh After Cyclone Sidr and Aila
Bangladesh is recognized as one of the high-risk countries in the world that is prone to natural disasters. Due to its geographical location, topography, high population density, poverty and lower adaptive competence it is considered to be highly vulnerable to natural disasters in the world. This study was devised following the super cyclone Sidr that hit Bangladesh in November 2007 and cyclone Aila that hit in May 2009 to assess the impact of extreme weather event like cyclone on health of the coastal population of Bangladesh. A total of approximately 1000 households were selected by using the multistage cluster sampling technique from both villages. The study result shows that diarrheal, skin disease and mental health problems increased after the cyclones. The multivariable analysis shows that age of the respondents, gender, monthly income and educational level of the household heads and number of living children in the family have statistically significant effect on causing health problems before and after the cyclone Sidr and Aila. It can be concluded that extreme weather events like cyclones Sidr and Aila making the lives of the coastal people more difficult and also it increases the vulnerability in the society for poor people, elderly, children and women. Since this is a fairly unexplored research area, more empirical research work is needed to establish the impact of extreme weather events on health of the coastal people in Bangladesh.
Coastal livelihood and physical infrastructure in Bangladesh after cyclone Aila
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for …, 2011
This paper aimed at to explore the consequences of cyclone victims due to unavailability of infrastructural supports and to prop up the recognition that the infrastructure has a vital role to play in societies' resilience during catastrophic situation. The paper begins with a review of the science regarding climate change impact and cyclone disaster in Bangladesh. It emphasizes the consequences of cyclone Aila in a selected coastal community in the remote coastal area. A field survey was conducted by authors during March-August 2009. Eight available infrastructures were selected for this analysis. Uniformity of distribution (R), demand index (Di) and degree of demand (DD) of the selected infrastructures were calculated by using nearest neighbourhood methods of analysis. Results show that based on its specific planning standards none of the selected infrastructure can support 50% of the total population. Accordingly, it was observed that 76% respondent could not reach in safer place due to rush of water intrusion and also because of the inundation of road-network. The nearness to the available cyclone shelter, and place of taking shelter during cyclone is positively correlated (r=0.38; p<0.001). However, the poor people had less opportunity to take shelter in cyclone shelters, although none of the respondents groups whose monthly income is above 75 USD stands without any infrastructural support. Such important observation may hint the influence of local elites on the local disaster mitigation planning practice in Bangladesh. Almost 90% of the respondents claimed that they had no access to enter the available cyclone shelter. Furthermore, the damaged infrastructures added more hindrances during post disaster activities and also increased the sufferings of the victims. If there were adequate cyclone shelters or rehabilitation centre, the affected people could take shelter and continue other works temporarily. Results drawn from this research will be useful for local and national Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change level planners, as well as international donors for future disaster mitigation planning in the studied area and the methodology can be applied in similar countries and geographical territories.
Post cyclone rehabilitation of agriculture in the Sidr affected areas in South West Bangladesh
2011
This is a great opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who helped me to accomplish this study. First and foremost, I would like to thank those people who helped me to giving and sharing their valuable knowledge and experiences for the study. I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Shahjahan Mondal and course coordinator M Aminur Rahman for their continuous guidance, support and inspiration which helped me to complete my study. Special thanks to Mr. Goutom Saha, Regional Manager AFSP, BRAC and Mr. Shamsudoha Regional Manager AFSP, BARC who helped me to collect the primary data as well as the field coordination of my study. I would like to thank Mr. Mizanur Rahman Senior Sector Specialist, BRAC, Mrs Salma Akter Agronomist, BRAC and Mr. Tanvir Ahmed Young Professional, BRAC to provide the necessary materials, papers and the valuable directions of the study. I would like to thank the Branch Managers, Program Organizers and the Farmers of the Study area who provide and the Farmers of the Study area who helped to provide important data for the study. Special thanks to Mr. Sirajul Islam Field Organizer, BRAC who gave me tremendous support to collect data from the farmers of the study area. Finally, I am grateful to my colleagues Mr. Zahidur Rahman and Mr. Abdullah Al Baky for their continuous inspiration and tremendous support to complete the study.
Living with the Risks of Cyclone Disasters in the South-Western Coastal Region of Bangladesh
Bangladesh is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world. Cyclone disasters that affect millions of people, destroy homesteads and livelihoods, and trigger migration are common in the coastal region of Bangladesh. The aim of this article is to understand how the coastal communities in Bangladesh deal with the continuous threats of cyclones. As a case study, this study investigates communities that were affected by the Cyclone Sidr in 2007 and Cyclone Aila in 2009, covering 1555 households from 45 coastal villages in the southwestern region of Bangladesh. The survey method incorporated household based questionnaire techniques and community based focus group discussions. The pre-event situation highlights that the affected communities were physically vulnerable due to the strategic locations of the cyclone shelters nearer to those with social supreme status and the location of their houses in relatively low-lying lands. The victims were also socioeconomically vulnerable considering the high rate of illiteracy, larger family size, no ownership of land, and extreme poverty. They were mostly day labourers, farmers, and fishermen. Post-event situation reveals that the victims' houses and livelihoods were severely damaged or destroyed. Most victims were forced to shift their occupations (e.g., from farmers to fishermen), and many became unemployed. They also became heavily dependent on micro-credits and other forms of loans. A significant number of people were displaced and migrated to large urban agglomerations in search of livelihoods to maintain their families back in the affected villages. Migration was primarily undertaken as an adaptation strategy.
Bangladesh is considered one of the countries most at risk to the effects of climate change and its coastal area is most vulnerable. This study tries to explore the experiences of cyclones Sidr and Aila affected people living in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. This study was conducted in the cyclone Sidr affected Amtali Upazila of Barguna District and in the cyclone Aila affected Koyra Upazila of Khulna District. Primary data collection was done using Focus Group Interview and then a thematic analysis approach was used for analysis. Three core themes emerged from the analysis and they are, firstly, impacts of climate change on the socioeconomic condition of the people, secondly, the impact on the health status of the population, and finally the impact on vulnerable people. Findings show that the effects of climate change have serious consequences on the livelihood patterns of the affected population and on their overall health status. As a result, the unfavorable health condition of these affected people makes them more vulnerable to various emerging diseases.
Vulnerability to Tropical Cyclone in the Southern Bangladesh: Impacts and Determinants.
2013
This paper explores the extent of impact and the severity of tropical cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh, and assesses various countermeasures undertaken by Government of Bangladesh together with NGOs to minimize cyclone impacts. Based on a questionnaire survey at household level a total 331 out of 770 households were selected in the central coast of Bangladesh. This study finds that Shoreline and Island are more vulnerable than Inland locations in terms of deaths, injuries, spreading of communicable diseases and property damages. Likewise, women and children are the most vulnerable groups to cyclone and storm surge. Regression result reveals that annual household income, household’s distance from the coast, household head’s primary occupation, age, and educational status are the major influencing factors to cyclone damage. Besides, government and NGO’s disaster management efforts have improved their efficiency in recent times. Therefore, human death, and injuries have reduced significantly. On the contrary, property damage has increased significantly in recent cyclones. Therefore, it is important to create awareness among coastal people by providing disaster risk reduction trainings to remote Islands and Shoreline villagers. Especially, priority should be given to women and children as they are the most vulnerable to cyclones and accompanied storm surges. Additionally, proper dissemination of accurate cyclone warning, creating new cyclone shelters and improving conditions of existing shelters, creating durable embankments and coastal afforestation could significantly minimize the cyclone impacts.