Efficient Localization Techniques for WSN - A Survey (original) (raw)

WSN LOCALISATION OF MOVING NODES USING HYBRID TECHNIQUE

The continuously moving variety of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) applications requires node this is certainly precise which needs efficient and error free localization practices. Localization methods created in past times are totally centered on really good computation this is certainly numerical of network variables for example transmission range, propagation form, transmitted or received power, delivering or arrival time, connection information etc. The variables are vulnerable towards ecological presence and circumstance of hurdles in environment. As wireless sensor companies tend to be ubiquitous in general, localization is a factor this is certainly essential to be fixed. Localization of a node that is unknown be identified through a collection of research nodes. In this work, we provide a novel hybrid localization strategy, which determines the location this is certainly exact of an unknown node through the mixture of both range free and range based practices The word "wireless" has come to be a generic and all-encompassing word utilized to delineate contact in that electromagnetic waves are utilized to hold a gesture above portion or the whole contact path. Wireless knowledge can able to grasp nearly every single locale on the external of the earth. Due to incredible accomplishment of wireless voice and messaging services, it is hardly stunning that wireless contact is commencing to be requested to the area of confidential and company computing. Ad-hoc [1] and Sensor Networks[2] are one of the portions of the wireless communication. In ad-hoc Network every singlenodes are permit to converse alongside every single supplementary lacking each fixed infrastructure. This is truly one of the features that differentiate amid ad-hoc and supplementary wireless knowledge like cellular Networks and wireless LAN that truly needed groundwork established contact like across a little center station. " A sensor Network is a placement of large numbers of tiny, inexpensive, self-powered mechanisms that can sense, compute, and converse alongside supplementary mechanisms for the intention of meeting innate data to make globe decisions concerning a physical nature ". II. VARIOUS LOCALIZATION PROBLEMS IN WSNS A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)consists of a huge number of puny wireless sensor nodes (referred to as sensor nodes or, plainly, nodes) that are, naturally, closely deployed. Nodes compute the ambient conditions in the nature bordering them. These measurements are, next, modified into signals that can be industrialized to expose a little characteristics concerning the fact. Localization [3] bypass on to the skill of ascertaining the locale (relative or absolute) of a sensor node, alongside a satisfactory precision. In a WSN, localization is a tremendously vital task; though, localization is not the goal of the network. In reality localization is a main ability as it is relevant to countless requests (intruder detection, target pursuing, environmental monitoring, etc.), that depend on knowing the locale of nodes. Localization is relevant to the Network main functions: contact, cluster conception, Network coverage geographical routing, etc. Even collaboration naturally depends on localization of nodes.

Energy Efficient Anchor-Based Localization Algorithm for WSN

IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering, 2012

Localization is one of the most fundamental problems in wireless sensor networks, since the locations of the sensor nodes are critical to both network operations and most application level tasks. To solve the localization problem for find out the location of sensor nodes in wireless sensor network, a Anchor based localization scheme for wireless sensor networks with energy efficiency is presented in this thesis. First, we develop a standardized clustering-based approach for the local coordinate system formation wherein a multiplication factor is introduced to regulate the number of cluster head nodes and neighbor nodes and the degree of connectivity among cluster head nodes. The algorithm operates asynchronously without a centralized controller; and in this algorithm location of the cluster heads be known a priori which are called anchor nodes. In this thesis to calculate the distance between the nodes triangulation technique is used. A simulation analysis on a specific numerical example is conducted for specifying the energy efficiency in finding the location by using anchor nodes. Experiments show that our algorithm beneficiary for less energy consumption. I.

A Review on Localization Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks

2014

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), nodes are deployed in sensor fields for monitoring and controlling the physical environments. Node localization is fundamental challenge in wireless sensor networks as without knowing the location of nodes sensed information will have no value. Therefore, it is vital that nodes must know their location. This paper provides a review of basic techniques for localization. The localization algorithms are classified into GPS based or GPS free, Anchor based or Anchor free, Centralized or Distributed and Range based or range free. Paper further discusses limitations of each of the algorithms.

Localization Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks

The important function of a sensor network is to collect and forward data to destination. It is very important to know about the location of collected data. This kind of information can be obtained using localization technique in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Localization is a way to determine the location of sensor nodes. Localization of sensor nodes is an interesting research area, and many works have been done so far. It is highly desirable to design low-cost, scalable, and efficient localization mechanisms for WSNs. In this paper, we discuss sensor node architecture and its applications, different localization techniques, and few possible future research directions.

Localization algorithms of Wireless Sensor Networks: a survey

Telecommunication Systems

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), localization is one of the most important technologies since it plays a critical role in many applications, e.g., target tracking. If the users cannot obtain the accurate location information, the related applications cannot be accomplished. The main idea in most localization methods is that some deployed nodes (landmarks) with known coordinates (e.g., GPS-equipped nodes) transmit beacons with their coordinates in order to help other nodes localize themselves. In general, the main localization algorithms are classified into two categories: range-based and range-free. In this paper, we reclassify the localization algorithms with a new perspective based on the mobility state of landmarks and unknown nodes, and present a detailed analysis of the representative localization algorithms. Moreover, we compare the existing localization algorithms and analyze the future research directions for the localization algorithms in WSNs.

Overview of Localization Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks

Design Engineering (Toronto), 2021

A sensor network's primary role is to collect and forward data to its intended endpoint. It's important to understand where the data we've gathered is held. In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), localization is widely used to determine the position of sensor nodes. In a WSN with thousands of nodes, installing GPS on each sensor node is costly, and GPS cannot provide precise position results in an in-building WSN. It's also impossible to manually configure location relation on each sensor node in a dense network. This is problematic since the sensor nodes must decide their current location without the use of special hardware such as GPS or manual setup. Because of localization methods, WSN implementation is cost-effective. The majority of localization methods rely on an anchor node or beacon node that knows where it is. Other nodes in the network use the anchor node's or beacon node's positioning information to find themselves. In this paper, we give a quick overview of the different types of localization strategies used in wireless sensor networks, as well as the issues and research gaps that still exist.

Localization of Sensor Node in Wireless Sensor Network

2015

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become very popular nowadays because they are widely used in military application, tracking the object, forest fire detection, disaster management, in navigation systems and many more applications. Implementing the WSNs has large number of benefits as well as obstacles. There are several issues in WSN such as security, data aggregation, data dissemination, data routing, localization etc. Localization is the challenging issue, because without knowing the location of the data where it is coming from, processing that data becomes totally inappropriate. Finding the location of the unknown sensor node using anchor node is localization of that node. Anchor nodes or the beacon nodes are the nodes with Global Positioning System (GPS) in it. Taking these anchor nodes as reference nodes we are finding out the position of the unknown sensor nodes. In this work we are proposing range based localization algorithm using modified quadrilateral approach. Here we...

Comparative Study between Two and Three Dimensional Localization Algorithms in WSN

Research on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has recently received much attention as they offer an advantage of monitoring various kinds of environment by sensing physical phenomenon. Many WSN protocols and applications assume the knowledge of geographic location of nodes to report data that is geographically meaningful and services. Locations of nodes can be determined by a number of localization algorithms that may be introducing various types of errors in their estimations. Requirement of applications need feasible localization algorithm with higher accuracy and lower cost. Localization algorithms mostly work on 2-dimensional plane or 3-dimensional plane; in this paper we proposed two localization algorithms in both two and three dimensional planes and compare between them. Where in a 2D plane, the process of localization is less complex and requires less time and energy and provides good accuracy is on terrains and is difficult to localize in harsh terrains, it determines accurat...

Localization Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks

The important function of a sensor network is to collect and forward data to destination. It is very important to know about the location of collected data. This kind of information can be obtained using localization technique in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Localization is a way to determine the location of sensor nodes. Localization of sensor nodes is an interesting research area, and many works have been done so far. It is highly desirable to design low-cost, scalable, and efficient localization mechanisms for WSNs. In this paper, we discuss sensor node architecture and its applications, different localization techniques.

Localization Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have boomed in this last decade. They are involved in all aspects of our daily lives and make it easier. Despite the great strides in these networks, several problems arose and are remained open. The localization of sensor networks nodes is one of the most challenging problem that has attracted many researches. Consequently, a lot of work has been carried out to provide accurate location information of sensors and sensing field. In this paper, we present a taxonomy of the most important localization technologies proposed for WSNs. We survey different published localization algorithms in the literature while giving an up-to-date with the most recent schemes. Then we highlight their characteristics and describe metrics used for their classification. A complete comparison will be given and also directions of future research will be discussed.