Postoperative analgesic effects of dexketoprofen, buprenorphine and tramadol in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (original) (raw)
Related papers
Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, 2012
PURPOSE: To compare the postoperative analgesic effects of the extradural tramadol or morphine in female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. METHODS: Sixteen female dogs were randomly assigned to two groups of eight animals each and received morphine (0.1mg kg-1 M group) or tramadol (2mg kg-1 T group). The pre-anesthetic medication was intravenously (iv) acepromazine (0.05mg kg-1). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (4mg kg-1iv) and maintained with isoflurane. The degree of analgesia was evaluated using a numerical rating scale that included physiologic and behavior variables. Dogs were scored at one, three, six and 12 hours after surgery by one blinded observer. Dogs were treated with morphine (0.5mg kg-1) if their scores were >6. Serum cortisol was measured before the pre-anesthetic medication was administered (basal), at the time of the ovarian pedicle clamping (T0), and at 1 (T1), 6 (T6) and 12 (T12) hours postoperative. RESULTS: The pain score did not differ between morphi...
A systematic review of analgesia practices in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy
Veterinary World, 2018
Aim: This was a systematic review conducted to evaluate the analgesic drugs and techniques used in the management of pain in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Materials and Methods: Systematic searches in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were conducted for peer-reviewed articles written in English and published from 1995 to 2015. The key search words were dogs, ovariohysterectomy, pain, and analgesics. This was followed by a manual search of the references within the primary data sources. Inclusion and exclusion of studies and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. All randomized studies evaluating the effects of analgesics during ovariohysterectomy in dogs were included. Results: A total of 31 trials met the criteria and were, therefore, included in the study. Data on the type of analgesic drugs used, the technique of administration, and the need for rescue analgesia were extracted from the papers. Individual analgesic protocols were used in 83.9% of the studies compared to multimodal drug therapy, which was used in 16.1% of the studies. Opioids were used in 39.0% of studies, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in 19.4%, a combination of NSAIDs and opioids in 19.4%, local analgesics in 6.5%, and acupuncture in 3.2% of the studies. Drug administration was done using three approaches that included pre-operative (64.5%), post-operative (22.6%) as well as combined pre-and post-operative approach (12.9%). In 77.4% of the studies, administration of analgesics was done once, while in 12.9%, it was done as a 72-h post-operative course. 24-h and 48-h courses of post-operative pain therapy were done in 6.5% and 3.2% of the studies, respectively. About 57% of the dogs in the control groups required rescue analgesia as compared to 21.6% in the single and 11.3% in multimodal drug therapy groups. The requirement for rescue analgesics was highest in dogs treated using acupuncture (43.8%) and lowest in dogs treated using NSAID-opioid combination (8.6%). Fewer dogs among those that received pain medication preoperatively and postoperatively required rescue analgesia compared to those in groups given drugs before and after surgery only. More dogs (26.4%) among those given analgesics only once postoperatively required rescue analgesia as compared to those that received analgesics daily for 72 h (4.4%). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that opioids are the mainstream analgesic drugs used in managing acute post-operative pain in dogs' post-ovariohysterectomy. In addition, multimodal drug therapy, particularly, NSAID-opioids combination is more effective for pain management than single drug administration. Administering analgesics both before and after surgery is associated with better outcomes and so is a protracted course of post-operative pain therapy. Although these practices should be encouraged, controlled studies should be conducted to conclusively determine the best practices for pain management in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2018
The study evaluated the peri-operative analgesic efficacy of tramadol administered by constant rate infusion as an adjunct to ketoprofen in ovariohysterectomized bitches. Pre-and postoperative assessment of pain was made using physiologic parameters, glucose, cortisol, pain score and body weight. Dogs were randomly assigned to one of the three groups using the protocol: 1.0mg/kg/hr, 2.0mg/kg/hr of CRI tramadol and control. Ketoprofen (5mg/kg, SC) was administered at one, twenty-four and seventy-two hours post-OVH to all the dogs. Mean glucose and cortisol levels of group 3 dogs were at intra-and at one-hour post-OVH higher (p<0.05) than those of groups 1 and 2. Mean pain score of group 3 was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of groups 1 and 2 at one, four, twenty-four and seventy-two hours post-OVH. The use of CRI tramadol at doses of 1.0mg/kg/hr and 2.0mg/kg/hr attenuated rise in pain markers and produced balanced analgesia as an adjunct to ketoprofen.
2011
The clinical efficacy of a 70 lg/h transdermal buprenorphine patch and of 20 lg/kg of buprenorphine administered subcutaneously (SC) for the relief of post-operative pain was determined in 24 healthy female dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy (OHE). Dogs were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) a control group that received no analgesics, (2) a BSC group that received buprenorphine SC (20 lg/kg), and (3) a BP group that received buprenorphine by a 70 lg/h transdermal patch. Dogs were scored for signs of pain at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 20, 26, 32 and 38 h after extubation using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and a modified University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS).
Ciência Rural, 2009
In this study the authors aimed to compare the efficiency of carprofen, ketoprofen and vedaprofen for alleviating postoperative pain in bitches submitted to ovariohysterectomy (OH). Pre- and postoperative assessment of pain was made using serum levels of cortisol and glucose, the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the University of Melbourne pain scale (UMPS) in twenty-one bitches undergoing OH. Dogs were randomly assigned to one of three groups: vedaprofen at 0.5mg kg-1, carprofen at 2.2mg kg-1 or ketoprofen at 2.2mg kg-1. All analgesics were given orally 2 hour before surgery. Assessments were made before surgery and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12 and 24 hours post-extubation. No dog of this study required additional doses of analgesics. There were no significant differences on serum cortisol and glucose concentrations among groups or from basal values, excepted one hour after extubation. No significant differences on pain scores were observed. It was concluded that vedaprofen provide...
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2006
Objective To assess the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of a novel, long-acting sufentanil preparation in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE). Study design Blinded, positively controlled, randomized field trial with four parallel treatment groups. Animals Eighty client owned dogs undergoing elective OHE randomly allocated into four treatment groups (each n ¼ 20). Conclusions The long-acting preparation of sufentanil provided excellent post-operative analgesia that was significantly better than that provided by carprofen. However, use of this formulation, in the anaesthetic technique used in the study, resulted in a relatively high incidence of adverse effects. Clinical relevance Full mu (MOP) opioid agonists provide significantly better post-operative analgesia than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after moderately painful surgery. However, the widely recognized adverse effects of opioids may preclude the use of these agents.
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2020
Objective To assess analgesic efficacy and the pharmacokinetics of intranasal (IN) tramadol in dogs following ovariohysterectomy. Study design Randomized, blinded clinical study. Animals A total of 30 bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Methods Dogs were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups (10 dogs per group): IN tramadol 4 mg kg e1 (group TIN), intravenous (IV) tramadol 4 mg kg e1 (group T-IV) and IV methadone 0.2 mg kg e1 (group M). Treatments were administered at extubation. At established time points (before surgery and up to 8 hours after drug administration) analgesia was assessed using the Italian version of the Glasgow Composite Pain Score-Short Form and physiological variables were recorded. To determine the pharmacokinetics of IN tramadol, blood samples were collected at predetermined time points. ShapiroeWilk test was used to assess whether data were normally distributed and consequently parametric or nonparametric tests were applied. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results No significant intergroup differences were observed in the dogs that were administered rescue analgesia and time of its administration. Excluding dogs that were administered rescue analgesia, no significant intergroup differences emerged in pain scores and physiological variables, except for a lower rectal temperature in group M compared with the tramadol groups. After IN administration, tramadol was rapidly absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching its maximum concentration (range 74.74e200.29 ng mL e1) within 30e60 minutes, it then decreased rapidly and was detectable in plasma at least up to 2 hours after treatment in all dogs. Conclusions and clinical relevance IN tramadol administration appears to be as effective as IV tramadol and methadone treatments in pain management of dogs after elective ovariohysterectomy. Given its low concentrations and short detection time in plasma after the IN route, systemic tramadol action appears unlikely.
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2004
Objective To determine if intraperitoneal (IP) and incisional (SC) lidocaine or bupivacaine provide analgesia following ovariohysterectomy (OHE). Study Design Prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial. Animals Thirty dogs presenting to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital for elective OHE. Methods Dogs were pre-medicated with acepromazine and butorphanol, induced with thiopental and maintained with iso£urane. They were randomly assigned to three groups: 10 received 8.8 mg kg À1 2% lidocaine with epinephrine IP (LID); 10 received 4.4 mg kg À1 0.75% bupivacaine IP (BUP); and 10 received 0.9% saline IP (SAL) upon completion of OHE. All IP doses were standardized to 0.88 mL kg À1 with saline. An additional 2 mL of undiluted solution was placed SC prior to incisional closure. Dogs were scored at 0.5,1, 2,3,6,8 and18 hours post-extubation by one observer. Dogs were evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and sedation, and a composite pain scale (CPS) that included physiologic and behavioral variables. Dogs were treated with 0.22 mg kg À1 butorphanol acepromazine if their VAS (pain) score was >50. Parametric variables were analyzed using Student's t-test or repeated measures ANOVA as appropriate. Non-parametric variables were analyzed by w 2-test. Results There were no signi¢cant di¡erences in age, weight, incision length, surgery time, anesthesia time, or total thiopental dose among groups. Peak post-surgical pain scores for all groups occurred at 0.5 hours and returned to baseline by18 hours. Dogs in the BUP group had signi¢cantly lower VAS-pain scores overall than dogs in the SAL group. Seven out of 10 dogs in the SAL group, 4/10 in the LID group and 2/10 in the BUP group were treated with supplemental acepromazine and butorphanol. No di¡erences between groups were detected with the CPS. No adverse side-e¡ects were observed. Conclusions and clinical relevance Our ¢ndings support the use of IP and SC bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia following OHE in the dog.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia, 2010
Objective To investigate the analgesic and side effects of epidural morphine or a fentanyl patch after ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Study design Prospective, randomized clinical study. Animals Twenty female mongrel dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Methods The dogs were allocated to one of two groups: epidural morphine or transdermal fentanyl patch. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Morphine (0.1 mg kg)1) was administered epidurally in the epidural morphine group and a transdermal fentanyl patch was applied 24 hours before the operation in the fentanyl patch group. The heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, plasma cortisol concentration, and sedation and analgesia scores were recorded during the 24 hour post-operative period. Adverse effects such as vomiting, anorexia, skin reactions, urinary retention, and time to start licking the surgical site were also recorded. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Statistical analyses utilized ANOVA for repeated measures, Friedman tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests and independent sample t-tests as relevant. Results Pain scores were lower in the epidural group than in the fentanyl group at all postoperative times. The dogs in the epidural morphine group were calm and relaxed, whereas discomfort and vocalization were recorded in the fentanyl patch group. The sedation scores were higher in the fentanyl patch group throughout the 12 hour period. Salivation and anorexia lasted longer in the fentanyl patch group than in the epidural morphine group. Plasma cortisol concentrations were high in the early post-operative period in both groups. The fentanyl patch group had higher cortisol concentrations than the epidural morphine group. Slight erythema was recorded in two dogs when the patches were removed. Conclusion and clinical relevance Epidurally administered morphine provided better analgesia and caused fewer adverse effects than the fentanyl patch after ovariohysterectomy in dogs.