Living Plant-Mediated Synthesis of Nanoparticles (original) (raw)
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Paper : Living Plant-Mediated Synthesis of Nanoparticles
2019
Techniques to fabricate nanostructured materials are in constant development. These techniques initiated with physical and chemical approaches and now are developed to biosynthesis and green synthesis techniques. Nowadays, bioactive compounds from microbial cells and plant extracts are hugely tested and employed for the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Similar to microbial cells that can produce intracellular nanostructures, some plants can synthesize and maintain nanostructures in their tissue. The evidence of these finding is the phytomining technology. Now it is known that various parameters such as soil pH, geographical area, and ionic precursor can influence the process of in situ fabrication of nanoparticles. Plant metabolites such as terpenoids, polyphenols, reducing sugars, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and proteins play a major role in the reduction of metal ions as well as stabilization of the produced nanoparticles. These in situ synthesized nanoparticles can be extracted and purified via ashing techniques.
Review Paper: Living Plant-Mediated Synthesis of Nanoparticles A B S T R A C T
2018
Techniques to fabricate nanostructured materials are in constant development. These techniques initiated with physical and chemical approaches and now are developed to biosynthesis and green synthesis techniques. Nowadays, bioactive compounds from microbial cells and plant extracts are hugely tested and employed for the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Similar to microbial cells that can produce intracellular nanostructures, some plants can synthesize and maintain nanostructures in their tissue. The evidence of these finding is the phytomining technology. Now it is known that various parameters such as soil pH, geographical area, and ionic precursor can influence the process of in situ fabrication of nanoparticles. Plant metabolites such as terpenoids, polyphenols, reducing sugars, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and proteins play a major role in the reduction of metal ions as well as stabilization of the produced nanoparticles. These in situ synthesized nanoparticles can be extracted and purified via ashing techniques.
Journal of Natural Remedies, 2024
Nanoscale materials known as nanoparticles exhibit distinctive properties and functionalities owing to their minute size and expansive surface area. Employing plant extracts for nanoparticle synthesis represents an environmentally conscious and sustainable method that utilises natural resources as both reducing and capping agents. This comprehensive review presents the current state-of-the-art in the green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts. It specifically explores the interplay between phytochemicals and metal ions, highlighting the impact of phytochemicals on various nanoparticle properties such as size, shape, morphology, crystal structure, elemental composition, surface charge and optical characteristics. The applications of these nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles etc. span diverse fields, including biomedical, environmental, catalytic, optical, electrical and magnetic applications. The review also addresses challenges and future directions in this burgeoning field, emphasising the necessity for standardisation and optimisation of synthesis parameters, elucidation of the synthesis mechanism and kinetics and exploration of functionalisation and potential applications. In conclusion, the green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts emerges as a promising and evolving field with considerable potential for future research and development.
Plants as Green Source towards Synthesis of Nanoparticles
The recent development and implementation of new technologies have led to new era, the nano-revolution which unfolds role of plants in bio and green synthesis of nanoparticles which seem to have drawn quite an unequivocal attention with a view of synthesizing stable nanoparticles. Although nanoparticles can be synthesized through array of conventional methods biological route of synthesizing are good competent over the physical and chemical techniques. Green principle route of synthesizing have emerged as alternative to overcome the limitation of conventional methods among which plant and microorganisms are majorly exploited. Employing plants towards synthesis of nanoparticles are emerging as advantageous compared to microbes with the presence of broad variability of bio-molecules in plants can act as capping and reducing agents and thus increases the rate of reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles. Biological synthesized nanoparticles have upsurge applications in various sectors. Hence the present study envisions on biosynthesis of nanoparticles from plants which are emerging as nanofactories.
Green Nanotechnology: Plant-Mediated Nanoparticle Synthesis and Application
Nanomaterials, 2022
The key pathways for synthesizing nanoparticles are physical and chemical, usually expensive and possibly hazardous to the environment. In the recent past, the evaluation of green chemistry or biological techniques for synthesizing metal nanoparticles from plant extracts has drawn the attention of many researchers. The literature on the green production of nanoparticles using various metals (i.e., gold, silver, zinc, titanium and palladium) and plant extracts is discussed in this study. The generalized mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis involves reduction, stabilization, nucleation, aggregation and capping, followed by characterization. During biosynthesis, major difficulties often faced in maintaining the structure, size and yield of particles can be solved by monitoring the development parameters such as temperature, pH and reaction period. To establish a widely accepted approach, researchers must first explore the actual process underlying the plant-assisted synthesis of a metal...
A Protocol for The Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles by Plant Extracts
Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 2023
The study summarized the most important biological methods in the manufacture of nanoparticles with high benefits, the most important of which is the vegetative or green biosynthesis of these nanoparticles using plant extracts and without side effects, as is the case in traditional methods.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 2020
Nanotechnology are often described as the manipulation of materials by certain conventional and/or natural processes so as to get materials with some specifications which will be utilized in various applications including the fields of drugs, chemistry, climate, electricity, agriculture, information, communication, heavy industry, and commodity. In recent years, the event of efficient green chemistry methods for synthesis of metal nanoparticles has become a serious focus of research to having several strong benefits of biological synthesis protocols over traditionally used physical and chemical methods. They need investigated so as to seek out an eco-friendly technique for production of well-characterized nanoparticles. Among these plants seem to be the simplest candidates and that they are suitable for largescale biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Nano-conjugates which are developed by green origin are more consistent, stable and therefore the rate of synthesis is quicker than within the case of microorganisms. Moreover, the nanoparticles are more various in shape and size as compared with those produced by other organisms. During this review, role of six different ethnomedicinally important plants: Phyllanthus amarus, Acalypha indica, Mentha spicata, Limonia acidissima, Centella asiatica, Murraya koenigii within the synthesis of metal nano-conjugates has been discussed. The prosperity of employing such plants and plant-derived compounds for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles make the researchers to find accurate yet nontoxic safe research mechanisms of metal ions uptake and thereafter their bio reduction by plants, and to know the possible mechanism of nano-conjugates synthesis.
Phytofabrication of nanoparticles through plant as nanofactories
Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2014
In recent years, nanoscience and nanotechnology have emerged as a new area of fundamental science and are receiving global attention due to their extensive applications. Conventionally nanoparticles were manufactured by physical and chemical techniques. The recent development and implementation of new technologies have led to a new trend, the nano-revolution unfolding the role of plants in bio-and green synthesis of nanoparticles which seems to have drawn a quite unequivocal attention to the synthesis of stable nanoparticles. Although nanoparticles can be synthesized through many conventional methods, biological route of the synthesis is more competent than the physical and chemical techniques. Biologically synthesized nanoparticles have enjoyed an upsurge of applications in various sectors. Hence, the present study envisions biosynthesis of nanoparticles from plants which are emerging as nanofactories. Hence, the present review summarizes the literature reported thus far and envisions plants as emerging sources of nanofactories along with applications, the mechanism behind phytosynthesis of nanoparticles and the mechanism of antibacterial action of nanoparticles.
Plant-Mediated Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Advances in Green Synthesis, 2021
Nanoparticles are an inspiring group of nanostructured materials with broad-spectrum applications in different fields such as catalysis, antimicrobial treatment, drug delivery, nanomedicine, environmental remediation, electronics, and chemical sensors. Nevertheless, the techniques used for preparation are environmentally unfriendly. Aiming to promote the greener synthesis of nanoparticles, this chapter spotlights plant-mediated eco-friendly and sustainable development of nanoparticles. Naturally occurring plant extracts are enriched with a plethora of various biologically active biomolecules and secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, enzymes, and phenolic substances. These bioactive compounds can catalyze the reduction of metal ions into biogenic nanoparticles in an eco-sustainable single-step biosynthetic process. Additionally, the utilization of plant extracts and their derived compounds circumvents the necessity for capping and stabilizing agents and generates bioactive size and shape-dependent green nanoparticles. Herein, we have made an effort the describe the synthesis of a wide range of metal-based nanoparticles (platinum, gold, zinc oxide, silver, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles) by using plant extract as a green synthesis matrix. In addition, different parts of plants that have widely been utilized for the biosynthesis of these NPs with several sizes and shapes by biological 2 methodologies are briefly described. In conclusion, the greener synthesis approaches are safer and easier to exploit the massive preparation of nanostructured particles.
Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles: Role of Plant Secondary Metabolites in Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Various biological sources for the synthesis of nanoparticles, in particular, plant based extract are being widely reported nowadays. The key principle behind the synthesis process is considered to be the presence of protein based compounds like Metallothionins and Phytochelators though protein based compounds are always liable for losing their activity as they denature easily. However, the secondary metabolites like polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids are found to play a major role in the formation of nano sized particles and thus, the knowledge on the presence of secondary metabolites like Tannins, Flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds in the selected plant source contributes to a greater extent in the synthesis of Nanoparticles. In addition, certain factors, such as the ratio between tannin and flavonoids, pH, concentration of secondary metabolites, concentration of metallic solution, application of heat energy etc., need to be standardized.