Constructing Citizenship: Transnational Workers and Revolution on the Mexico-Guatemala Border, 1880-1950 (original) (raw)
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Jahrbuch für Geschichte Lateinamerikas, 1996
When a group of Maya peasants began their rebellion in the southeastern Mexican state of Chiapas on New Year's Day, 1994, the Mexican government was quick to find fault abroad for the unrest. "Violent factions" from Guatemala and El Salvador, a spokesman for the Interior Ministry stated, had "manipulated" the peasants and forced them to participate in the bloody uprising. 1 Strikingly, this attempt to label a home-grown problem the work of Central Americans has quite a bit of tradition to it. Guatemala in particular has endured its share of Mexican barbs over the years for alleged or real threats to Mexico's perceived national interests. 3 One might suppose that none of this would have unsettled a Mexican government that had its hands full with U.S. meddling, particularly during the Revolution. Indeed, during the Mexican Revolution, the United States meddled in the Madero, Huerta, and Carranza regime. In light of such a preponderance of relations with the United States in the country's foreign-policy universe, few scholars have bothered to investigate Mexico's policies towards Estrada Cabrera's Guatemala. There is presently only one published study that considers the length of Mexico's relations with Estrada Cabrera: Luis Zorrilla's detailed, but opaque Relaciones de México con la República de Centro América y con Guatemala (Mexico 1984). Aside from this study, which offers few insights beyond a mere chronicling of Mexican-Guatemalan relations, there is only Daniel Cosío Villegas' dated Historia moderna de México. El Porfir'taio. La vida política exterior: Parte Primera (Mexico I960) which focuses on the period 1876-1898.
Latin America's 19th Century (Mostly Mexico): Formation of State, Subject and Self
2018
This exhibit is a culmination of UT students' collaborative effort to select, curate, and digitize original documents held in the Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection that reveal the region's tumultuous and transformative 19th-century journeys towards the formation (s) of State, Subject and Self. Esta exhibición es la culminación de los esfuerzos colaborativos de estudiates de UT para seleccionar, conservar, y digitalizar documentos orginales mantenidos en la Colección Nettie Lee Benson de Latino América que revela el turbulento y transformativo recorrido en el siglo XIX hacia la formación de estado-naciones, subjetividades y el ser. Latin America in the 19th Century Fall 2018 Class (University of Texas at Austin) Credits Fall 2018 Course: Latin America in the 19th Century brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk
This paper examines the procedural culture that shaped ethnic and national identities in late nineteenth-century western Guatemala. Rooted in face-to-face encounters between departmental jefes poln &ticos (departmental governors) and local Maya communities, this procedural culture emerged from routines of governance such as annual municipal inspections, ethnic struggles for municipal control, and local e!orts to title community lands that led Maya and state o$cials to develop contrasting understandings of each other and their relations. Far from precipitating a national identity of mutual belonging, state formation here intensi"ed the racism and political violence that would rend Guatemala during the century to come.
Empire and Revolution: The Americans in Mexico since the Civil War
Hispanic American Historical Review, 2003
Reviewed by John E. Kicza In 1987, John Mason Hart published Revolutionary Mexico, an influential overview of the Mexican Revolution. Disagreeing with the (still) dominant interpretation that the Revolution focused on internal Mexican disequilibria and inequalities, particularly in the agrarian sector, Hart argued that it was instead a struggle for national liberation against the economic imperialism that the United States had inflicted on the country, especially during the lengthy dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz. Hart's new book, Empire and Revolution, consists of some 507 pages of detailed case studies of American investment undertakings and business involvement in Mexico from 1865 to the present day. As such, it can be understood as an effort to substantiate his argument in the earlier work. This is apparent also in the very unequal numbers of pages the author devotes to the different time periods. Hart commits some 63 pages just to the 12 years between the end of the American Civil War and the advent of the Diaz regime in Mexico, nearly 200 pages to the Diaz era from 1876 to 1910, some 130 pages to the "years of revolution" from 1910 to 1940," and just under 100 pages to the period from 1940 to 2000. The post-1940 era thus receives rather little attention, although most scholars of Mexico recognize that this is when American economic and cultural impact expanded enormously, eclipsing its impact on Mexico during all previous epochs. Further, until Hart reaches the post-1940 era, he concentrates almost exclusively on formal economic penetration of Mexico. However, in that final section, he abruptly shifts to a discussion of how American popular culture, drugs and criminality, and pollution affected Mexican life. Hart compiled this massive undertaking only after many years of research in business and government archives scattered throughout Mexico and the United States. His dedication and doggedness must be lauded. He shows himself to be very knowledgeable about modern Mexican history, adeptly weaving American financial involvement into Mexico's larger national narrative. The book's lively-and sometimes almost flippant-prose style carries the reader smoothly through what might otherwise have been dense and repetitive case studies. Despite his consistently negative view toward American economic involvement in Mexico over the last century and a half, Hart rarely engages in a systematic evaluation of its impact in any of these eras. He seems to think