The First Outbreak of Chikungunya in a Hilly District in Bangladesh, 2018 (original) (raw)
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The first identified Chikungunya outbreak occurred in Bangladesh in 2008. In late October 2011, a local health official from Dohar Sub-district, Dhaka District, reported an outbreak of undiagnosed fever and joint pain. We investigated the outbreak to confirm the etiology, describe the clinical presentation, and identify associated vectors. During November 2-21, 2011, we conducted house-to-house surveys to identify suspected cases, defined as any inhabitant of Char Kushai village with fever followed by joint pain in the extremities with onset since August 15, 2011. We collected blood specimens and clinical histories from self-selected suspected cases using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were tested for IgM antibodies against Chikungunya virus. The village was divided into nine segments and we collected mosquito larvae from water containers in seven randomly selected houses in each segment. We calculated the Breteau index for the village and identified the mosquito species....
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Archives of Epidemiology, 2018
Introduction: Chikungunya is a viral disease, transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Chikungunya is an RNA virus belonging to alphavirus genus of family Togaviridae. It causes fever, severe joint pain, muscle pain, headache, nausea, fatigue and rash. Treatment is symptomatic as there is no antiviral drug or vaccine for Chikungunya. In Punjab there was only one reported case of Chikungunya fever in 2010, but this number reached 2472 cases in 2016. Desert coolers are potential source for breeding of mosquitoes. National Centre for Disease Control has developed a desert cooler called NICD cooler in which mosquito can't breed. Objective: To assess epidemiological features of Chikungunya cases. Methods: Blood samples collected from various hospitals of district Amritsar were tested for Chikungunya by Mac Elisa test in Government Medical College, Amritsar. Results: There were 48 cases, with no reported death, that were confirmed by MAC-ELISA as positive for CHIKV. The age of 44 cases was found recorded with mean age 43.32 ±1.428 years. Cases were found mainly in adult and old age. Most of the cases reported were urban and majority were females. All cases were reported in the months of September to December with peak in November i.e. in rainy season and some months after this. Aedes mosquitoes breed at higher rates in hot and rainy season than other seasons of the year. Mean time gap between Chikungunya sample collection and testing was 3.13 ± 2.12 days. Discussion: Age and area wise distribution of cases resembled with studies conducted in past. Higher percentage of female cases found was contrary to another study conducted in year 2016 in Varanasi. Transmission season of Chikungunya was found like the study conducted in year 2016. Time gap between sample collection and testing should be less than one day. All prevention and control measures should be taken well before the onset of rainy season; and use of NICD coolers should be promoted. Limitation: There was under-reporting of cases due to non-involvement of many private hospitals.
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