Does atypical interoception following physical change contribute to sex differences in mental illness? (original) (raw)
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Sex Differences in Mental Illness: An Analysis of Response Bias in Self-Reports
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. and have argued that the consistent finding that women have higher rates of mental illness than men is a product of response bias and does not reflect actual differences in rates of mental illness. In the present paper we look at the effect three forms of response bias-perceived trait desirability, need for social approval, and naysaying-have on respondents' reports of psychiatric symptoms. When these three forms of response bias are controlled for, the difference between the sexes does not diminish but instead increases.
Gender differences in the diagnosis of mental disorders: Conclusions and controversies of the DSM-IV
Psychological Bulletin - PSYCHOL BULL, 1998
One of the more controversial issues in terms of mental disorder diagnoses has been their differential sex prevalence. The conclusions provided in the 4th edition of the American Psychiatric Association's {1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders were derived from systematic reviews of the research literature. However, this research is perhaps complicated by common sources of error. Two sources, in particular, are emphasized here: biases in sampling and biases within the diagnostic criteria themselves. The potential for such biases is illustrated for a wide variety of mental disorder diagnoses, and suggestions for research to address them are provided. One of the more controversial issues for mental disorder diagnoses has been their differential sex prevalence. The diagnoses that generated the most controversy in the development of the recent editions of the American Psychiatric Association's (APA's) influential Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM; APA, 1980, 1987, 1994) were controversial largely because of their questionable application to one sex relative to the other (Ross, Frances, & Widiger, 1995). The critiques of decisions made for the third (DSM-III), revised third (DSM-III-R), and fourth (DSM-IV) editions of the DSM have often focused on issues concerning a purported sex
Recommendations for a Better Understanding of Sex and Gender in the Neuroscience of Mental Health
2024
There are prominent sex/gender differences in the prevalence, expression, and life span course of mental health and neurodiverse conditions. However, the underlying sex-and gender-related mechanisms and their interactions are still not fully understood. This lack of knowledge has harmful consequences for those with mental health problems. Therefore, we set up a cocreation session in a 1-week workshop with a multidisciplinary team of 25 researchers, clinicians, and policy makers to identify the main barriers in sex and gender research in the neuroscience of mental health. Based on this work, here we provide recommendations for methodologies, translational research, and stakeholder involvement. These include guidelines for recording, reporting, analysis beyond binary groups, and open science. Improved understanding of sex-and gender-related mechanisms in neuroscience may benefit public health because this is an important step toward precision medicine and may function as an archetype for studying diversity.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2016
Understanding the multiplicity of ways in which sex can alter the brain is essential to crafting policies and treatments that are beneficial for all human beings. This is particularly true for the field of neuropsychopharmacology, as many neuropsychiatric disorders exhibit gender bias in the frequency, severity, or response to treatment. The goal of this circumspective is to provide two views on the current state of the art of the relations between sex and the brain, relations that are studied almost exclusively by comparing females and males on specific end points, from gene expression to behavior. We start by suggesting a framework for defining what is being measured and what it means. We suggest that 'sex differences' can be classified on four dimensions: (1) persistent vs transient across the lifespan; (2) context independent vs dependent; (3) dimorphic vs continuous; and (4) a direct vs an indirect consequence of sex. To accurately classify a sex difference along these ...
At Issue: Sex and Gender in Schizophrenia
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The At Issue section of the Schizophrenia Bulletin contains viewpoints and arguments on controversial issues. Articles published in this section may not meet the strict editorial and scientific standards that are applied to major articles in the Bulletin. In addition, the viewpoints expressed in the following article do not necessarily represent those of the staff or the Editorial Advisory Board of the Bulletin.-The Editors.