High HEV presence in four different wild boar populations in East and West Germany (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2015
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a member of the genus Hepevirus within the family Hepeviridae. Hepatitis E is recognized as a zoonosis, and swine and wild boars (Sus scrofa) are known reservoirs of HEV infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of HEV in wild boars and hunters exposed to infection in central Italy (Latium region). During the hunting season, blood samples were collected from 228 wild boars and 20 hunters. The seroprevalence of HEV infection was determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, previously validated for use in man, pigs and wild boars. The estimated HEV seroprevalence in wild boars and in hunters was 40.7% (93/228; 95% confidence interval [CI] 34.4e47.1%) and 25% (5/20; 95% CI 6.1e43.9%), respectively. Liver samples were collected from the boars and HEV RNA was detected by nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Fifty-five of 164 tested wild boar liver samples (33.5%; 95% CI 26.2e40.7%) and three of 20 (15.0%; 95% CI 1.3e28.7%) tested human serum samples were positive for HEV RNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences obtained from PCR products indicated that the HEV strains present in wild boars and the human population all belonged to genotype 3, supporting the zoonotic role of wild boars in the spread of HEV infection.
Molecular survey of HEV infection in wild boar population in Italy
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2018
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an RNA virus causing an acute generally self-limited disease in humans. An increasing number of autochthonous cases linked to zoonotic transmission of HEV genotype 3 have been reported over the last years in Europe. Pigs and wild boars are considered the main reservoirs. The principal route of transmission in Europe is foodborne, linked by direct or indirect evidence to the consumption of raw or undercooked pork products and wild boar meat. In this study, we sampled 92 wild boar (Sus scrofa) livers during active surveillance in five municipalities in Central Italy throughout the hunting season 2016-2017. HEV RNA was detected in 52.2% of liver sampled with prevalence ranging from 0.0% to 65.7%. HEV positive wild boars were detected in all but one area of hunting. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strains clustered within the two subtypes HEV-3c and HEV-3f and displayed a wide range of phylogenetic diversity. Several strains were circulating in the areas investigated; animals possibly belonging to the same family group hunted by the same team were infected with a unique strain (100% nucleotide identity). Since wild animals are a proven source of HEV transmission to humans and pigs, the high prevalence observed (mean 52.2%) poses a question on the risk of consuming wild boar meat and thus this subject deserves further investigations.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd, 2018
The Eurasian wild boar is widely distributed in Europe and hunting bags reveal a massive increase in the population. Since wild boar and domestic pigs are susceptible to the same pathogens and can infect each other, free-ranging wild boar populations are increasingly considered to be a threat to the pig industry. Switzerland has an outstanding veterinary health situation due to its official free-of-disease status for many diseases, and the role that wildlife could play as a source of infection for domestic animals is of particular concern. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge on wild boar health in Switzerland and discusses the health risk to domestic animals and humans currently posed by wild boar. It places the data in the context of the situation in neighbouring countries. The risk currently posed by wild boar within Switzerland is largely limited to swine brucellosis. The major threat coming from abroad originates from the expansion of African swine fever. To prevent pathogen introduction and transmission between wild boar and domestic pigs, it is essential to pursue efforts in 4 areas: disease surveillance in domestic pigs, biosecurity on pig farms, disease surveillance in wild boar, and sustainable wild boar management.
The Veterinary Journal, 2008
There has been a worldwide increase in the number and geographical spread of wild boar populations in recent decades leading to an 13 increase in both the circulation of disease agents and greater contact with domestic animals and humans. Diseases affect the population 14 dynamics of wildlife but the effects of most viral diseases on the European wild boar are largely unknown. Many viral diseases present in 15 domestic pig populations are also present in wild boars where they can provide a disease reservoir, as is clearly the case with classical 16 swine fever, but little is known about other viral diseases such as porcine circovirus diseases or hepatitis E. This review considers the 17 current scientific knowledge of the effects of viral diseases on wild boar populations and their rô le as potential disease reservoirs. The 18 focus is on those viral diseases of domestic swine and wild boars that are included as notifiable by the Office International des Epizooties 19 (OIE). 20
A serosurvey for selected pathogens in Greek European wild boar
Veterinary Record Open, 2015
European wild boar (Sus scrofa) during the hunting seasons 2006-2010 from different regions of Greece, were examined in order to estimate the role of these wildlife species as reservoir of pathogens important for livestock and/or public health. Materials and Methods: The assays used for this purpose were commercial indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (virus) (PRRSV), Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV), influenza A (IA) virus, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Salmonella species, Trichinella species and indirect immunofluorescence antibody test for the detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. Results: Antibodies against PCV-2, PRRSV, ADV, IA virus, A. pleuropneumoniae, M. hyopneumoniae, Salmonella species, Trichinella species, T. gondii and N. caninum were detected in 19.1 per cent, 12.8 per cent, 35.1 per cent, 1.1 per cent, 57.4 per cent, 0 per cent, 4.3 per cent, 6.4 per cent, 5.2 per cent and 1.1 per cent of the samples, respectively. Cluster analysis revealed a hot spot of seropositivity near Bulgarian border; seropositivity to ADV was more common among female animals. Conclusions: These results indicate exposure of wild boar to most of the above-mentioned pathogens, raising concern about the possibility that these species may pose a significant health risk for livestock and/or humans.
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, 2016
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causal agent of the hepatitis E transmitted primarily via the faecal-oral route. HEV belongs to the family Hepeviridae, with HEV strains isolated from human and swine classified into the Orthohepevirus genus Orthohepevirus A species. The disease is considered as an emerging zoonosis with worldwide distribution based on recent advances showing that HEV strains circulating in domestic and wild pigs are genetically related to strains identified in autochthonous human cases. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of HEV in wild boar from Galaţi and Buzău counties, as a preliminary stage of the evaluation of the HEV distribution in wild boar population completed by molecular identification and characterization Serum samples were collected from 68 wild boars during the hunting season, between December 2014 and February 2015, in 33 hunting funds from two Romanian Counties: Galați and Buzău. For serological analysis all samples were tested using a commercially available HEV antibody assay: ID Screen® Hepatitis E Indirect Multispecies ELISA kit (IDVet Diagnostics, France). HEV antibodies have been detected in 7 out of 68 serums, representing an overall prevalence of 10.29%. Seropositive animals were identified in both counties, respectively 3 out of 30 (10%) for Buzău County and 4 out of 38 (10.52%) in Galați County. The prevalence rates determined in this study are comparable to those determined in other European Countries. Our results provided premises to investigate the hepatitis E virus presence in Romanian wild boar as well as in other wild animals, which are considered as potential HEV reservoirs.