QoS-Aware Routing for Sensor Networks Using Distance-Based Proportional Delay Differentiation (DPDD) (original) (raw)

Design of a QoS-Aware routing mechanism for wireless multimedia sensor networks

2008

In wireless sensor networks, majority of routing protocols considered energy efficiency as the main objective and assumed data traffic with unconstrained delivery requirements. However, the introduction of image and video sensors demands certain quality of service (QoS) from the routing protocols and underlying networks. Managing real-time data requires both energy efficiency and QoS assurance in order to ensure efficient usage of sensor resources and correctness of the collected information. In this paper, we present a novel QoS-aware routing protocol to support high data rate for wireless multimedia sensor networks. Being multi-channel multi-path the foundation, the routing decision is made according to the dynamic adjustment of the required bandwidth and path-length-based proportional delay differentiation for real-time data. The proposed protocol works in a distributed manner to ensure bandwidth and endto-end delay requirements of real-time data. At the same time, the throughput of non-real-time data is maximized by adjusting the service rate of real-time and non-real-time data. Results evaluated in simulation demonstrate a significant performance improvement in terms of average delay, average lifetime and network throughput. This full text paper was peer reviewed at the direction of IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the IEEE "GLOBECOM" 2008 proceedings.

A Differentiated Real-Time Routing Protocol Along with Re-Routing Policy in Wireless Sensor Networks

International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 2013

applications require real-time communication. One of the most important and challenging issues in real-time applications of resource-constrained WSNs is providing end-to-end delay requirement. To address such an issue a few QoS routing protocols have been proposed. Also, in many applications, the delay level required by the data packets is different. In this paper, we focus on building a real-time routing protocol called DRTR which routes packets towards the destination node by classifying data into differentiated classes. DRTR improves real-time performance by means of reducing the packet dropping in routing decisions. It is a power-aware routing protocol which takes into account both power transmission costs and residual energy of routers to achieve power efficiency. Moreover, DRTR employs a new policy called rerouting policy which allows the packets of a specific class to be routed as the packets of a lower/higher real-time class in particular situations.

Energy and QoS Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Cluster Computing, 2005

Many new routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks in recent years. Almost all of the routing protocols considered energy efficiency as the ultimate objective since energy is a very scarce resource for sensor nodes. However, the introduction imaging sensors has posed additional challenges. Transmission of imaging data requires both energy and QoS aware routing in order to ensure efficient usage of the sensors and effective access to the gathered measurements. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware QoS routing protocol for sensor networks which can also run efficiently with best-effort traffic. The protocol finds a least-cost, delay-constrained path for real-time data in terms of link cost that captures nodes' energy reserve, transmission energy, error rate and other communication parameters. Moreover, the throughput for non-realtime data is maximized by adjusting the service rate for both real-time and non-real-time data at the sensor nodes. Such adjustment of service rate is done by using t wo different mechanisms. Simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach for different metrics with respect to the baseline approach where same link cost function is used without any service differentiation mechanism.

QoS and energy aware routing for real-time traffic in wireless sensor networks

Computer Communications, 2006

Wireless sensor networks are being built to facilitate automated information gathering in military, industrial, environmental and surveillance applications. Many such applications of Sensor Networks require improved QoS (packet delivery within a defined deadline) guarantees as well as high reliability. These applications demand high packet delivery ratio and are extremely delay-sensitive. However, certain factors limit the ability of the multihop sensor network to achieve the desired goals. These factors include the delay caused by network congestion, hot regions in the network, limited energy of the sensor nodes, packet loss due to collisions and link failure. In this paper, we propose an energy aware dual-path routing scheme for real-time traffic, which balances node energy utilization to increase the network lifetime, takes network congestion into account to reduce the routing delay across the network and increases the reliability of the packets reaching the destination by introducing minimal data redundancy. This paper also introduces an adaptive prioritized Medium Access Layer (MAC) to provide a differentiated service model for real-time packets. Our claims are well supported by simulation results. q

An efficient delay aware routing protocol for real time systems in wireless sensor network

2014

Many of Applications have got much attraction of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) due to its multi features with low cost and are getting more and more advancements. Usually in WSN, nodes are deployed in a region to sense the events and send the sensed data towards the sink(s) or a base station through single/multi-hop communications. However, real time systems have its specific QoS requirements which are different from usual WSN applications as the data packets must be delivered in time deadline. In this study we propose an efficient delay aware routing protocol (EDARP) in order to enhance the QoS parameters and to satisfy the end to end delay and reliability requirements of real time WSNs applications. Delay-aware routing protocol (DARP) sustains a continuous speed of data delivery to provide the best communication in real-time. The proposed protocol is compared with state of art protocols for different simulation scenarios and the results show that EADRP has got better performance...

Real-time quality of service with delay guarantee in sensor networks

International Journal of Sensor Networks, 2011

The sensor networks raise fundamental problems for the scientific community. These problems are due to the wireless communications, the density of nodes distribution, the resources constraints (energy, processor and memory), the low nodes reliability and the strongly distributed nature of the supported application. The specific particularities of the sensor networks make it difficult the guarantee of the real-time quality of service which remains currently an important challenge. This paper presents novel protocol solutions for sensor networks in hard real-time environments. We try to get the optimisation of both constraints at the same time: real-time communication delay guarantee and the energy consumption. Our routing and medium access strategy allows the load balancing, the interferences reduction and the real-time guarantee, for being based on a dynamic generation of real-time communication trees. The simulation results show that our routing and medium access protocols help the traffic load balancing to increase the system lifetime and the guarantee of real-time traffics.

Real-Time Traffic-Differentiated QoS Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2014

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) emerge as underlying infrastructures for new classes of large scale networked embedded systems. However, WSNs system designers must fulfill the Qualityof-Service (QoS) requirements imposed by the applications (and users). Very harsh and dynamic physical environments and extremely limited resources are major obstacles for satisfying QoS metrics such as reliability, timeliness, and system lifetime. The limited communication range of WSN nodes, link asymmetry, and the characteristics of the physical environment lead to a major source of QoS degradation in WSNs. This paper proposes a Real-Time Traffic-Differentiated Routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It targets WSN applications having different types of data traffic with several priorities. The protocol achieves to increase packet reception ratio and reduce end-to-end delay while considering multi-queue priority policy, two-hop neighborhood information, link reliability and power efficiency. The protocol is modular and utilizes memory and computational effective methods for estimating the link metrics. Numerical results show that the proposed protocol is a feasible solution to addresses QoS service differentiation for traffic with different priorities.

Real-Time QoS Routing Protocols in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks: Study and Analysis

Sensors, 2015

Many routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks. These routing protocols are almost always based on energy efficiency. However, recent advances in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) cameras and small microphones have led to the development of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN) as a class of wireless sensor networks which pose additional challenges. The transmission of imaging and video data needs routing protocols with both energy efficiency and Quality of Service (QoS) characteristics in order to guarantee the efficient use of the sensor nodes and effective access to the collected data. Also, with integration of real time applications in Wireless Senor Networks (WSNs), the use of QoS routing protocols is not only becoming a significant topic, but is also gaining the attention of researchers. In designing an efficient QoS routing protocol, the reliability and guarantee of end-to-end delay are critical events while conserving energy. Thus, considerable research has been focused on designing energy efficient and robust QoS routing protocols. In this paper, we present a state of the art research work based on real-time QoS routing protocols for WMSNs that have already been proposed. This paper categorizes the real-time QoS routing protocols into probabilistic and deterministic protocols. In addition, both categories are classified into soft and hard real time protocols by highlighting the QoS issues including the limitations and features of each protocol. Furthermore, we have compared the performance of mobility-aware query based real-time QoS routing protocols from each category using Network Simulator-2 (NS2). This paper also focuses on the design challenges and future research directions as well as highlights the characteristics of each QoS routing protocol.

Review Real-Time QoS Routing Protocols in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks: Study and Analysis

2015

A novel real-time routing protocol in wireless sensor networks

2009 International Conference on the Current Trends in Information Technology (CTIT), 2009

One of the most important and challenging issues in real-time applications of resource-constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is providing end-to-end delay requirement. To address such an issue a few QoS routing protocols have been proposed. THVR (Two-Hop Velocity based routing protocol) is newly proposed real-time protocol while it is based on the concept of using two-hop neighbor information for routing decision. In this paper we propose a novel real-time Power-Aware Two-Hop (PATH) based routing protocol. PATH improves real-time performance by means of reducing the packet dropping in routing decisions. PATH is based on the concept of using two-hop neighbor information and power-control mechanism. The former is used for routing decisions and the latter is deployed to improve link quality as well as reducing the delay. PATH dynamically adjusts transmitting power in order to reduce the probability of packet dropping. Also PATH addresses practical issue like network holes, scalability and loss links in WSN's .We simulate PATH and compare it with THVR. Our simulation results show that PATH can perform better than THVR in term of energy consumption and delay.

QoS-Aware Routing for Sensor Networks Using Distance-Based Proportional Delay Differentiation (DPDD) (original) (raw)

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