Ferlentr - a Controlled Release Fertilizer Produced from a Polymeric Material with Agronomic Benefits (original) (raw)
Related papers
Meticulous Overview on the Controlled Release Fertilizers
Advances in Chemistry, 2014
Owing to the high demand for fertilizer formulations that will exhaust the possibilities of nutrient use efficiency (NUE), regulate fertilizer consumption, and lessen agrophysicochemical properties and environmental adverse effects instigated by conventional nutrient supply to crops, this review recapitulates controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) as a cutting-edge and safe way to supply crops' nutrients over the conventional ways. Essentially, CRFs entail fertilizer particles intercalated within excipients aiming at reducing the frequency of fertilizer application thereby abating potential adverse effects linked with conventional fertilizer use. Application of nanotechnology and materials engineering in agriculture particularly in the design of CRFs, the distinctions and classification of CRFs, and the economical, agronomical, and environmental aspects of CRFs has been revised putting into account the development and synthesis of CRFs, laboratory CRFs syntheses and testing, and both linear and sigmoid release features of CRF formulations. Methodical account on the mechanism of nutrient release centring on the empirical and mechanistic approaches of predicting nutrient release is given in view of selected mathematical models. Compositions and laboratory preparations of CRFs basing on in situ and graft polymerization are provided alongside the physical methods used in CRFs encapsulation, with an emphasis on the natural polymers, modified clays, and superabsorbent nanocomposite excipients.
A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW ON CONTROLLED RELEASE FERTILIZER
Int. J. Agricult. Stat. Sci. Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. ..., 2023 , 2023
It is expected to increase the demand for nitrogen fertilizers to improve crop yield and ensure food security. With existing challenges related to the low nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of conventional fertilizer and environmental concerns, controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) have become a promising approach to synchronising nutrient release according to the requirements of plants. CRFs provide a good tool to control the nutrient release into the soil and match plant demand. They are expected to provide high efficiency and reduce harm to the environment. This review also aims to provide a better overview of the different coating materials used in the synthesis of CRFs and the mechanisms involved in CRFs. In the subsequent sections, different raw materials utilized to form CRFs, focusing on inorganic and organic materials and synthetic and natural polymers are compared.
Advances in Controlled Release Fertilizers
Fertilisers are one of the most important elements of modern agriculture. The application of fertilisers in agricultural practices has markedly increased the production of food, feed, fuel, fibre and other plant products. However, a significant portion of nutrients applied in the field is not taken up by plants and is lost through leaching, volatilisation, nitrification, or other means. Such a loss increases the cost of fertiliser and severely pollutes the environment. To alleviate these problems, enhanced efficiency fertilisers (EEFs) are produced and used in the form of controlled release fertilisers and nitrification/urease inhibitors. The application of biopolymers for coating in EEFs, tailoring the release pattern of nutrients to closely match the growth requirement of plants and development of realistic models to predict the release pattern of common nutrients have been the foci of fertiliser research. In this context, this paper intends to review relevant aspects of new developments in fertiliser production and use, agronomic, economic and environmental drives for enhanced efficiency fertilisers and their formulation process and the nutrient release behaviour. Application of biopolymers and complex coacervation technique for nutrient encapsulation is also explored as a promising technology to produce EEFs.
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2019
Polymer Coated Fertilisers are one of the Promising of Control release and slow release fertilizer which, when added to moist soil, uses temperature-controlled diffusion to regulate N release in matching plant demand and mitigate environmental losses. Polymer-coated fertilizers (PCF) has great potential for increasing crop production and enhancing nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency, benefiting the ecosystem. Control release fertilizers are coated fertilizers that release nutrients over an extended period of time at a rate driven primarily by temperature and moisture of the root zone. It has been estimated that slowrelease fertilizers comprise only 8-10% of the total fertilizers used in Europe, 1% in the USA and only 0.25% in the World. Controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) is proposed consisting of three stages: i. A lag period during which water penetrates the coating of the granule dissolving part of the solid fertilizer in it ii. A period of linear release during which water penetration into and release out occur concomitantly while the total volume of the granules remains practically constant iii. A period of "decaying release", starting as the concentration inside the granule starts to decrease. Polymer coated fertilizers are used for high value applications. Controlled-release is one of the modern application that has enhanced nutrient use efficiency. Fertilizer use efficiency can be increased by modification of fertilizer products. E.g. coated encapsulation. Controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) will bring revolution in agricultural industry in near future. In these review paper collected literature, importance of polymer coated fertilizers in agriculture production by enhancing the Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE), Agronomic Efficiency and Physiological efficiency, they also increase the% recovery of nutrients and finally the growth and yield of crops.
Use of Polymers as Coatings for Slow Release Fertilizers
Background: Slow-release fertilizers are used toreducing the release of active ingredients sos to minimize the level of dissolution of the active ingredients, then the addition of polymers is carried out. Fertilizers coated with biodegradable materials can not only increase the nutrients absorbed in the fertilizers but also avoid the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties caused by nutrient loss. Materials and Methods: The materials and methods used are based on official books and international journals for the last 10 years (2010-2020), the making of this article is looking for data through online media with the keyword polymer for slow-release fertilizer. Results: From the discussion of the review articles that have been done, it was found that the use of several polysulfone polymers, Polyacrylate / Poly (silicone-co-acrylate), Chitosan, Polyhydroxybutyrate, κ-carrageen (CBH), polystyrene, and starch can be used for the manufacture of slow-release fertilizers. The resulting characterization can use UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, and SEM. Conclusion: The use of polymers can be applied to slow-release fertilizers and can increase agricultural yield without wasting fertilizer use.
HortScience, 2000
Use of polymer-coated fertilizers (PCFs) is widespread in the nursery and greenhouse industries. Temperature is the main factor affecting nutrient release from PCFs, yet there are few reports that quantify temperature-induced nutrient release. Since container substrate temperatures can be at least 40 °C during the summer, this research quantified the release of fertilizer salts in the diurnal container substrate temperature range of 20 to 40 °C. Three PCFs (Osmocote Plus 15-9-11, Polyon 18-6-12, and Nutricote18-6-8) were placed in water-filled beakers at 40 °C until one-third (Expt.1) or two-thirds (Expt. 2) of Osmocote's N was released. For Expts. 1 and 2, each fertilizer was put into sand-filled columns and leached with distilled water concurrent with column temperature incrementally increasing from 20 to 40 °C and then to 20 °C over a 20-h period. Leachate fractions were collected at every 2 °C increase and analyzed for fertilizer salts. In Expt.1 and in the range of 22 to 30...
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2013
In spite of several published studies we have an incomplete understanding of the ion-release mechanisms and characteristics of polymer-coated fertilizers (PCF). Here we extend current conceptual models describing release mechanisms and describe the critical effects of substrate moisture and temperature on macro-and micronutrient release of three PCF types: Polyon ® , Nutricote ® , and Osmocote ® . Nutrient release was quantified at weekly intervals for up to 300 d from 5°C to 40°C in water and chemically inert sand, substrates that allowed release quantification without confounding effects of ion sorption/desorption. At least two release-timeframe formulations of each PCF type were studied and all products had similar nutrient concentrations to allow isolation of the effect of coating technology. Contrary to several studies, our data and model indicate that there is no significant difference in nutrient-release rates in water and a moist, solid substrate. This means that release rates determined in water can be used to model bio-available nutrient concentrations in moist soil or soilless media where sorption/desorption properties alter concentrations after release. Across all PCF, the nutrients most affected by temperature were typically N, K, B, Cu, and Zn, while the least affected were P, Mg, and Fe. We also found consistent differences among the coating technologies. Osmocote fertilizers released faster than specified at both high and low temperatures. Nutricote had relatively steady release rates over time and a nonlinear response to temperature. Polyon released more slowly than specified but replicate samples were highly uniform.
Open Journal of Soil Science, 2011
Controlled release fertilizers (CRF) are produced with different rates and durations of nutrient release to cater to different crops with wide ranges of nutrient requirements. A rapid technique is needed to verify the label specifications of nutrient release rate and duration. Polymer-coated urea (PCU) (43% nitrogen [N]) and polymer-coated N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K) (PC_NPK; 14-14-14) fertilizer products were used in this study. Soil incubation of the above CRF products at 25˚C showed that 63.6% to 70.8% of total N was released over 220 days (d). At 100˚C in water 100% of N release occurred in about 168 to 216 hours (h). Regression equations were developed for cumulative nutrient release as a function of release time separately at 25˚C and 100˚C. Using the above regressions, the release duration for a given percent nutrient release at each temperature was calculated. These values were then used to establish a relationship between the release duration at 25˚C as a function of that at 100˚C. This relationship is useful to predict the release duration at 25˚C of an unknown CRF product by conducting a rapid release test in water at 100˚C. This study demonstrated that a rapid nutrient release test at 100˚C successfully predicted nutrient release rate and duration at 25˚C, for polymer coated fertilizers. Therefore, this rapid test can be used to verify the label release rate and duration of most CRF products.
Transstellar Journals, 2019
Past decades have seen a keen-edged bloom in Agro-Technical aspects. The expansion of global population and the inflation in global food demand has given rise to multitudinous research in the agronomic sector, especially in the domain of fertilizers. The use of fertilizer in agricultural field is essential for the plant growth, but excess amount of pure chemical contents used in them can pose a serious threat to all living beings and also to the environment. In order to reduce this chemical exposure, the use of materials coated Controlled Release Fertilizer or CRFs became quintessential. The coating of materials outside the fertilizer enables the active content of fertilizers to release in a gradual or delayed manner, in accordance to the plant demands. The longevity of CRFs depends upon the thickness of coating material, which can either be organic or inorganic. Temperature and moisture are the greatest players which influence the workability of coated CRFs. Further improvisation in CRFs is done with the introduction of Nanotechnology in agricultural research, as it has put forth innumerable advantages with respect to development. Nanofertilizers based on CRFs are used for the increment of active fertilizer material in the field, as they present large surface area for the release of required nutrients to the plant in a controlled manner. The present study covers the extensive evolution of controlled release fertilizers, to the modern and smart Nanotechnology inspired controlled release fertilizers.