Cold flow and fuel properties of methyl oleate and palm-oil methyl ester blends (original) (raw)
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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
Biodiesel is a clean-burning alternative fuel but it is susceptible to lower calorific value due to autoxidation in the presence of oxygen, which hinders its widespread use. Organic germanium Ge-132 is a prospective solution to this problem. It is expected that Ge-132 may affect the energy content of blending biodiesel. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the effect of Ge-132 addition to palm biodiesel on physicochemical properties. Three concentrations including 5ppm, 8ppm and 10ppm added to BD20 to study their fuel physical characteristics effect. The fuel and additive was blend by using ultrasonic emulsifier for 2 minutes before experiment. The results show that BD20 with additive Ge-132 produced 0.48%-1.07% higher density and 0.7%-1.7% higher kinematic viscosity and 0.09%-0.6% higher calorific value compared to BD20 without the additive. The higher calorific value blending biodiesel attribute by the carbon content on Ge-132. Compared to BD20, the blended biodiesel with additive Ge-132 produce higher density, kinematic viscosity and calorific value which attribute the increase the performance and better fuel consumption.
2014
Alternative fuels, like biodiesel, are being utilized as a renewable energy source and an effective substitute for the continuously depleting supply of mineral diesel as they have similar combustion characteristics. However, the use of pure biodiesel as a fuel for diesel engines is currently limited due to problems relating to fuel properties and its relatively poor cold flow characteristics. Therefore, the most acceptable option for improving the properties of biodiesel is the use of a fuel additive. In the present study, the properties of palm oil methyl esters with increasing additive content were investigated after addition of ethanol, butanol and diethyl ether. The results revealed varying improvement in acid value, density, viscosity, pour point and cloud point, accompanied by a slight decrease in energy content with an increasing additive ratio. The viscosity reductions at 5% additive were 12%, 7%, 16.5% for ethanol, butanol and diethyl ether, respectively, and the maximum reduction in pour point was 5 °C at 5% diethyl ether blend. Engine test results revealed a noticeable improvement in engine brake power and specific fuel consumption compared to palm oil biodiesel and the best performance was obtained with diethyl ether. All the biodiesel-additive blend samples meet the requirements of ASTM D6751 biodiesel fuel standards for the measured properties.
Energies, 2014
Alternative fuels, like biodiesel, are being utilized as a renewable energy source and an effective substitute for the continuously depleting supply of mineral diesel as they have similar combustion characteristics. However, the use of pure biodiesel as a fuel for diesel engines is currently limited due to problems relating to fuel properties and its relatively poor cold flow characteristics. Therefore, the most acceptable option for improving the properties of biodiesel is the use of a fuel additive. In the present study, the properties of palm oil methyl esters with increasing additive content were investigated after addition of ethanol, butanol and diethyl ether. The results revealed varying improvement in acid value, density, viscosity, pour point and cloud point, accompanied by a slight decrease in energy content with an increasing additive ratio. The viscosity reductions at 5% additive were 12%, 7%, 16.5% for ethanol, butanol and diethyl ether, respectively, and the maximum reduction in pour point was 5 °C at 5% diethyl ether blend. Engine test results revealed a noticeable improvement in engine brake power and specific fuel consumption compared to palm oil biodiesel and the best performance was obtained with diethyl ether. All the biodiesel-additive blend samples meet the requirements of ASTM D6751 biodiesel fuel standards for the measured properties.
To cite this article: Johnson O. Igbokwe, Olisaemeka C. Nwufo & Chidiebere F. Nwaiwu (2015) Effects of blend on the properties, performance and emission of palm kernel oil biodiesel, Biofuels, 6:1-2, 1-8, The properties of different blends of palm kernel oil (PKO) biodiesel obtained from base catalyzed transesterification with diesel fuel were measured based on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The performance and emission analysis of diesel, PKO biodiesel and its blends with diesel were also carried out using a 2-cylinder in-line, water cooled naturally aspirated RD270 Ruggerini diesel engine at constant load. Diesel fuel produced maximum power and maximum torque of 18.16 kW and 64.30 NM at 3200 rpm and 2400 rpm, respectively. Similarly, the blend B20 gave a maximum power of 18.44 kW at 3600 rpm and maximum torque of 63.90 NM at 2400 rpm. However, the maximum power and torque of other blends were slightly lower than that of diesel. Also the concentration of CO and HC emissions for pure biodiesel (B100) and its blends were significantly lower than that of diesel. The cetane number, calorific value, kinematic viscosity at 40 C and pour point of the PKO biodiesel is 52.3, 32.50 MJ/Kg, 4.87 mm 2 /s and-1 C, respectively. The calorific value of diesel decreased from 44.218 MJ/Kg to 38.162 MJ/Kg with a blend of 20% PKO biodiesel. Also the cetane number, kinematic viscosity and pour point of diesel increased from 44.7, 4.35 mm 2 /s and ¡19.5 C to 47.3, 4.46 mm 2 /s and ¡10.3 C with a blend of 20% PKO biodiesel, respectively. Generally, the addition of biodiesel to diesel increases the cetane number, density, kinematic viscosity, flash point and pour point but on the other hand reduces the calorific value of the produced blend.
Basic properties of palm oil biodiesel–diesel blends
Fuel, 2008
The basic properties of several palm oil biodiesel-diesel fuel blends were measured according to the corresponding ASTM standards. In order to predict these properties, mixing rules are evaluated as a function of the volume fraction of biodiesel in the blend. Kay's mixing rule is used for predicting density, heating value, three different points of the distillation curve (T10, T50 and T90), cloud point and calculated cetane index, while an Arrhenius mixing rule is used for viscosity. The absolute average deviations (AAD) obtained were low, demonstrating the suitability of the used mixing rules. It was found that the calculated cetane index of palm oil biodiesel obtained using ASTM D4737 is in better agreement with the reported cetane number than the one corresponding to the ASTM D976. This result is most likely due to the fact that the former standard takes into account the particular characteristics of the distillation curve.
International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 2013
In order to overcome escalating worldwide consumption of fossil fuel and global warming, an alternative fuel that is economically feasible, sustainable and environmental friendly must be developed for large-scale adoption. Alternative fuels like biodiesel, are being used as effective alternative for diesel. The feasibility of biodiesel production from palm oil was investigated with respect to its fuel properties. Though biodiesel can replace diesel satisfactorily, problems related to fuel properties persist. In this study ethanol (E) additive was blended in the ratios of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% with palm oil biodiesel (POME) and tested for their properties improvement. These blends were tested for energy content and various fuel properties according to ASTM standards. Qualifying of the effect of additive on palm biodiesel fuel properties can serve the researchers who work on biodiesel fuels to indicate the fuel suitability for diesel engines according to fuel standards.
Calorific value and density for Palm based biodiesel and Petro-diesel Blends
For the study, the pure palm oil based biodiesel is not suitable to use as fuel in petro-diesel engine. Therefore, the palm based biodiesel is blended with commercially available petro-diesel. Biodiesel is potential alternative for the currently conventional petro-diesel. Blend behavior is analyzed using various properties like density, viscosity, calorific value, refractive index, flash point, cetane number, carbon residue, as per ASTM standard operating procedure. Density is important flow property for pumping of fuel in petro-diesel engine, so it is beneficial to develop correlation for density at entire biodiesel volume fraction range. In present study, density is examined at various temperatures (298 K, 308 K, 313 K, 318, 323 K) for the different blends of palm based biodiesel to the petro-diesel using specific gravity bottle. The data is obtained and studied for estimation of empirical equation. Empirical equation is developed and compared with the equation like kay equation, newton equation, Dale-Gladstone equation, eykman equation these equations are available in literature and the accuracy of calculated values using these models was calculated by root mean square prediction difference method (RMSPD). The calorific value is determined for the various blends of palm based biodiesel and petro-diesel. For the various proportion of biodiesel B0, and B100. The empirical equation is developed for the calorific value and compared with the literature equations and calculated the accuracy of calculated values using root mean square prediction difference method (RMSPD).
Investigation of Blended Palm Biodiesel-Diesel Fuel Properties with Oxygenated Additive
2016
Blended biodiesel fuel is considered as an alternative to current fossil fuels in many applications, at low blending level less than 20% biodiesel. The fuel physical characteristics are among the most important parameter to determine the quality of each fuel. Though biodiesel can replace diesel satisfactorily, problems related to fuel properties persist. In this study diethyl ether (DEE) was used as additive to the palm biodiesel-diesel blended fuel B30 and B40 in the ratios of 2% and 6% by volume and tested for their properties improvement according to ASTM D7467 standard procedures. The tested fuel samples were compared with diesel fuel (D) and palm biodiesel (B100). The minimum pour point for the blended fuel was-7 o C for B30DE6 compared to 14 o C for palm biodiesel, the results shows that the best properties was for B30DE6 where the presence of diethyl ether additive helps to reduce the viscosity by 35%, density by 3.6% and acid value by 57% compared to palm biodiesel. On the o...
Energy Conversion and Management, 2015
The growing demand for green world serves as one of the most significant challenges of modernization. Requirements like largest usage of energy for modern society as well as demand for friendly milieu create a deep concern in field of research. Biofuels are placed at the peak of the research arena for their underlying benefits as mentioned by multiple researches. Out of a number of vegetable oils, only a few are used commercially for biodiesel production. Due to various limitations of edible oil, non-edible oils are becoming a profitable choice. Till today, very little percentage of biodiesel is used successfully in engine. The research is still continuing for improving the biodiesel usage level. Recently, it is found that the blended biodiesel from more than one feedstock provides better performance in engine. This paper reviews the physicochemical properties of different biodiesel blends obtained from various feedstocks with a view to properly understand the fuel quality. Moreover, a short description of each feedstock is given along with graphical presentation of important properties for various blend percentages from B0 to B100. Finally, mathematical model is formed for predicting various properties of biodiesel blend with the help of different research data by using polynomial curve fitting method. The results obtained from a number of literature based on this work shows that the heating value of biodiesel is about 11% lower than diesel except coconut (14.5% lower) whereas kinematic viscosity is in the range of 4–5.4 mm2/s. Flash point of all biodiesels are more than 150 deg C, except neem and coconut. Cold flow properties of calophyllum, palm, jatropha, moringa are inferior to others. This would help to determine important properties of biodiesel blend for any percentage of biodiesel and to select the proper feedstock for better performance.
Energy, 2014
Properties of biodiesel can be related to the chemical composition of the biomass source used in transesterification. Saturated fatty acids confer high oxidative stability, while unsaturated fatty acids improve the cold flow properties, which are also influenced by the chain length. In the present study, blends of biodiesel produced from different vegetable oils were evaluated in order to obtain the proper blend to fulfill the European Standard EN14214 in terms of oxidative stability and cold flow properties. Citric acid was used to purify the methyl ester phase. Oxidative stability resulted highly dependent on polyunsaturated fatty esters while fatty ester chain length is a determining factor in cold flow performance of the blends. A preliminary study of the effectiveness of a commercial additive (a Poly alkyl methacrylate) in improving methyl ester flow at low temperatures was done, but no significant changes were found.