A Control Strategy to Smooth Power Ripple of a Single-Stage Bidirectional and Isolated AC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicles Chargers (original) (raw)
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2023
The purpose of this study is to explain a recently developed off-board battery charger system for electric vehicles (EVs) that is capable of supporting grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operations, in addition to adjusting for reactive power. A utility-connected AC-DC cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converter is included into the system design. This converter is responsible for controlling the power exchange that occurs between the grid and the battery while a bidirectional DC-DC converter is located at the rear end of the system. There is galvanic separation between the grid and the user end of the charger, which is included for the purpose of increasing safety. In order to manage electric vehicle power and battery current, the suggested system makes use of an ANFIS controller. This controller adheres to active power orders for both G2V and V2G modes, and it also provides reactive power adjustment when it is necessary. Furthermore, a control algorithm that is based on an adaptive notch filter has been developed in order to estimate network phases and achieve accurate current synchronization without the need for phase-locked loops (PLLs). This has resulted in the simplification of controller design and an improvement in both the steady-state and dynamic performance of the system. The efficiency of the suggested system in regulating reactive power in V2G and G2V scenarios is shown by the experimental results that were achieved in a MATLAB environment.
Journal of Advanced Transportation
A plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) charger adapter consists of an AC/DC power factor correction (PFC) circuit accompanied by a full-bridge isolated DC/DC converter. This paper introduces an efficient two-stage charger topology with an improved PFC rectifier as front-end and a high-frequency zero voltage switching (ZVS). Current switching (ZCS) DC/DC converter is the second part. The front-end converter is chosen as bridgeless interleaved (BLIL) boost converter, as it provides the advantages like lessened input current ripple, capacitor voltage ripple, and electromagnetic interference. Resettable integrator (RI) control technique is employed for PFC and DC voltage regulation. The controller achieves nonlinear switching converter control and makes it more resilient with the faster transient response and input noise rejection. The second stage incorporates a resonant circuit, which helps in achieving ZVS/ZCS for inverter switches and rectifier diodes. PI controller with phase sh...
Single-Phase PFC Converter for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 2012
In this paper, a front end ac-dc power factor correction topology is proposed for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) battery charging. The topology can achieve improved power quality, in terms of power factor correction, reduced total harmonic distortion at input ac mains, and precisely regulated dc output. Within this context, this paper introduces a boost converter topology for implementing digital power factor correction based on low cost digital signal controller that operates the converter in continuous conduction mode, thereby significantly reducing input current harmonics. The theoretical analysis of the proposed converter is then developed, while an experimental digital control system is used to implement the new control strategy. A detailed converter operation, analysis and control strategy are presented along with simulation and experimental results for universal ac input voltage (100-240V) to 380V dc output at up to 3.0 kW load and a power factor greater than 0.98. Experimental results show the advantages and flexibilities of the new control method for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) battery charging application.
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2000
In this paper, a new front end ac-dc bridgeless interleaved power factor correction topology is proposed for level II plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) battery charging. The topology can achieve high efficiency, which is critical for minimizing the charger size, PHEV charging time and the amount and cost of electricity drawn from the utility. In addition, a detailed analytical model for this topology is presented, enabling the calculation of the converter power losses and efficiency. Experimental and simulation results are included for a prototype boost converter converting universal ac input voltage (85-265 V) to 400 V dc output at up to 3.4 kW load. The experimental results demonstrate a power factor greater than 0.99 from 750 W to 3.4 kW, THD less than 5% from half load to full load and a peak efficiency of 98.9% at 70 kHz switching frequency, 265 V input and 1.2 kW load.
A Bidirectional Soft-Switched DAB-Based Single-Stage Three-Phase AC–DC Converter for V2G Application
IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2018
In vehicle-to-grid applications, the battery charger of the electric vehicle (EV) needs to have a bidirectional power flow capability. Galvanic isolation is necessary for safety. An ac-dc bidirectional power converter with high-frequency isolation results in high power density, a key requirement for an on-board charger of an EV. Dual-active-bridge (DAB) converters are preferred in medium power and high voltage isolated dc-dc converters due to high power density and better efficiency. This paper presents a DAB-based three-phase ac-dc isolated converter with a novel modulation strategy that results in: 1) single-stage power conversion with no electrolytic capacitor, improving the reliability and power density; 2) open-loop power factor correction; 3) soft-switching of all semiconductor devices; and 4) a simple linear relationship between the control variable and the transferred active power. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the proposed operation, along with simulation results and experimental verification.
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018
Dual Active Bridge (DAB) based converters offer the benefit of smaller volume due to high frequency isolation and controllability of active power flow, making them attractive for various applications like renewable energy generation, plugin hybrid vehicles and distribution systems. This paper presents a novel converter topology along with a modulation strategy for a DAB based three-phase AC to DC converter. The major benefits are single stage conversion; no unreliable intermediate DC link capacitor, reduced number of switches: only two active switches on the AC side, simple control scheme, open loop unity power factor operation, bidirectional power flow and partial soft switching. This paper presents the analysis of all the operating modes of the converter, resulting in analytical estimation of power transfer, RMS winding current and investigation of soft switching conditions for the power devices. Simulation and experimental results have been presented to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed technique and accuracy of the analysis.
Bridgeless single stage AC/DC converter with power factor correction
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2022
This research paper proposes a novel bridgeless single-stage isolated converter with power factor correction and load voltage control. The proposed converter reduces the input diode bridge requirement with reduced passive components and provides a unidirectional flow of power to the load. The single-stage design reduces the use of an electrolytic capacitor, which improves reliability and reduces the size of the converter. The proposed control method is based on a single proportional integral (PI) controller to achieve both power factor correction and input current control. The proposed bridgeless converter is suitable for electric vehicle (EV) charging. A simulation study is performed on the MATLAB/Simulink to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. The converter is implemented in the laboratory to obtain the experimental results using typhoon hardware in the loop (HIL) based real time simulator.
Charge-based ZVS soft switching analysis of a single-stage dual active bridge AC-DC converter
2013 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013
A semi-analytical modulation scheme to operate a single-phase, single-stage dual active bridge (DAB) AC-DC converter under full-operating-range zero voltage switching (ZVS) is proposed. The converter topology consists of a DAB DC-DC converter, receiving a rectified AC line voltage via a synchronous rectifier. ZVS modulation strategies previously proposed in literature are either based on current-based (CB) or energy-based (EB) ZVS analyses. The combined phase-shift, duty-cycle, and switching frequency modulation proposed in this paper relies on a novel, current-dependent charge-based (CDCB) ZVS analysis, taking into account the commutation charge of the (parasitic) switch capacitances as well as the time dependency of the commutation currents. Thereby, commutation inductance is shown to be an essential element in achieving full-operating-range ZVS. Experimental results obtained from a 3.7 kW bidirectional electric vehicle battery charger which interfaces a 400 V DC-bus with the 230 Vac, 50 Hz utility grid are given to validate the analysis and practical feasibility of the proposed strategy. Index Terms-AC-DC power conversion, battery charger, dual active bridge, modulation schemes, zero voltage switching.
IRJET- Design and Development of DCM based Bridgeless PFC Converter for an On-Board EV Charger
IRJET, 2021
This Paper proposes an Active Front-end Bridgeless derived Buck-Boost PFC converter for an OBC charging applications of EV. The proposed converter is made to operate in Dis-continuous Conduction Mode in order to achieve the natural power factor correction for the variation in AC input voltage. Adding to that, two sensors for input voltage and current are vanished off because of operating the converter in DCM and hence proving the converter as more reliable and cost-effective compared to other bridgeless converters. Hence, the Phase Lock Loop is eliminated and converter is controlled by single sensor and only one closed loop system. The proposed bridgeless converter is applicable for power rating between 1 kW to 3 kW that are fixed at the E-Rickshaws and two-wheeler vehicles. A detailed steady-state analysis with the design equations for the converter are presented. The closed loop control system is made robust by implementing the PID controller. The simulation was carried out in MATLAB tool by designing the converter for 1 kW and results obtained were demonstrated and also maintaining the THD less than 6% according to IEC-6100-3-2 standards.
A PFC Based EV Battery Charger Using a Bridgeless Isolated SEPIC Converter
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2019
Conventional PFC (Power Factor Correction) circuits in EV (Electric Vehicle) battery chargers have the efficiency limitation due to high conduction loss associated with a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) at the input. To mitigate this issue, a bridgeless (BL) single ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) with improved power quality, is presented in this paper. The input current shows a unity power factor operation over the entire charging duration. Due to elimination of DBR and the current conduction through relatively fewer number of devices, conduction losses are significantly reduced. This, in turn, improvises the charger efficiency as compared to conventional BL SEPIC converter. The overall performance of proposed charger is illustrated with the help of various operating modes, design equations, simulation based performance and experimental validation under steady state as well as over wide fluctuations in AC mains voltage. The EV battery is charged at constant current/ constant voltage control mode, which provides satisfactory results for improved efficiency and inherent PFC, thus, improving overall performance of the charger.