Expected in Digestive Oncology (original) (raw)
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Pediatric Clinics of North America, 2009
Infectious diarrhea remains one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. It results from infection of the intestinal tract by a wide range of enteric pathogens that can disrupt intestinal function. The resulting symptom complex of diarrhea is characterized by an increased number of loose or watery (R3 in 24 hours) stools. The term dysentery is used when blood, mucus, and white blood cells are present in the stool. The annual global burden of infectious diarrhea is enormous, involving 3 to 5 billion cases and nearly 2 million deaths, with the latter accounting for almost 20% of all deaths in children younger than 5 years. 1 Of these diarrhearelated deaths, acute watery diarrhea is responsible for 35%; dysentery, for 20%; and persistent or chronic diarrhea, 45%. 2 Most deaths are in young children from rural regions of developing countries where there is limited access to safe drinking water, sewage disposal, and health care, and reduced opportunities for personal sanitation, hygiene, and safe food preparation. In this setting, repeated episodes of enteric
Diarrhea: Novel Advances and Future Perspectives in the Etiological Diagnosis and Management
Benign Anorectal Disorders - An Update [Working Title]
Diarrhea is an increase in the incidence and fluidity of feces that is greatest characterized by duration (acute versus chronic), pathophysiologic apparatus, and anatomic location. Different types of diarrhea influence the health of both sexes. Infectious diarrhea is a big issue in many underdeveloped nations, with a high death rate, specifically among children under the age of five. Water diarrhea can be caused by a variety of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Acute bloody diarrhea is a health emergency that should be treated quickly. Most instances of acute diarrhea are clear on their own days without remedy. If you have adopted lifestyle adjustments and domestic remedies for diarrhea without achievement, there these are thought to be clinical remedies. By proper sanitation, hygiene protection, hand washing, food hygiene, and vaccination are required to control diarrhea.
Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, 2015
Acute diarrhea (AD) is the most frequent gastroenterological disorder, and the main cause of dehydration in childhood. It is manifested by a sudden occurrence of three or more watery or loose stools per day lasting for seven to 10 days, 14 days at most. It mainly occurs in children until five years of age and particularly in neonates in the second half-year and children until the age of three years. Its primary causes are gastrointestinal infections, viral and bacterial, and more rarely alimentary intoxications and other factors. As dehydration and negative nutritive balance are the main complications of AD, it is clear that the compensation of lost body fluids and adequate diet form the basis of the child's treatment. Other therapeutic measures, except antipyretics in high febrility, antiparasitic drugs for intestinal lambliasis, anti-amebiasis and probiotics are rarely necessary. This primarily regards uncritical use of antibiotics and intestinal antiseptics in the therapy of bacterial diarrhea. The use of antiemetics, antidiarrhetics and spasmolytics is unnecessary and potentially risky, so that it is not recommended for children with AD.
2007
The material contained in the textbook reviews to the fundamental questions of acute intestinal infections (etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and treatment). It would be helpful to medical students and interns. Материал представленный в учебнике посвящен фундаментальным вопросам острых кишечных инфекций (этиологии, эпидемиологии, патогенеза, клиники, лечения). Учебник рекомендованый для студентов медицинских ВУЗов и интернов.
Case-Control Study of acute diarrhea in Children
To determine the risk factor for acute diarrhea disease in children. In the survey, 220 cases and 220 controls were involved. Cases were children with loose watery feces, pathologically diagnosed as acute diarrhea by the physician, and enrolled from the Emergency Ward as the Incident Cases in Dr. Sheykh Hospital, Mashhad, northeast of Iran. Control group too, was enrolled from the same cases and the members were children whose risk factors disease were not the risk factor for acute diarrhea, and were enrolled from emergency ward of burn patients, accidents, acute respiratory diseases and eligible patients. By using univariate logistic regression models, variables consisting used milk up to 6 months age, antibiotic usage during the last 15 days, mother's employment, mother's acquaintance with ORS, occupancy, and water slack during the week before illness, were significantly related with acute diarrhea. In a multiple logistic regression, the relationship between the said facto...
Global Epidemiology and Management of Acute Diarrhea in Children from Developing Countries
Annals of Pediatrics & Child Health, 2020
Diarrheal disease remains one of the leading causes of death in children under the age of five years in developing countries. Extensive measures have been in effect in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), worldwide, to provide clean water, good hygiene, and sanitary living conditions. However, many survivors continue to deal with persistent diarrhea and nutrient deficiencies, affecting their growth due to their low socioeconomic status. There are over 2.5 billion diarrheal illnesses cases annually, which account for an estimated 1,400 deaths daily, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The lack of maternal education, insufficiency or early cessation of breastfeeding, poor handwashing technique, improper storage of food and water, and limited access to proper health facilities in developing countries has resulted in children facing severe dehydration and prolonged mucosal injury that ultimately results in their death. For the patients that can access healthcare, diagnosis is achieved by stool microscopy and culture. Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), has been used to test for Escherichia coli and norovirus to detect toxin-encoding genes, while enzyme immunoassay is used to detect other pathogens, such as Campylobacter, rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, Entamoeba histolytica, Shigella, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. Additionally, subsequent septic bacterial infections that result from inadequate care and poor management of diarrheal illness have resulted in the use of oral rehydration and antibiotics with a minimal resolution of persistent diarrhea in some patients. Several interventions that are being implemented in LMICs to combat diarrhea-related mortality, include providing educational resources to caregivers and healthcare providers, training caregivers to be able to detect early signs of deterioration in children, as well as purifying water and sanitation. Additionally, the importance of highly nutritious foods and proper breastfeeding techniques for the first six months of life have been shown to provide children with stronger immune systems to enable them to combat infections.