A Note on Mass and Gravity (original) (raw)
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A unified theory of gravity and inertia
In this paper, we show how the phenomenon of inertia can be explained in non-relativistic classical mechanics using a unified theory of gravity and inertia. As a basis, we used the inertia-free mechanics of H.J. Treder. It can implement both Mach's principle and the idea of inertia having a gravitational origin without the shortcomings of an anisotropic inertial mass. Inertia arises from a velocity-dependent part of the gravitational potential. Thus, it will be possible to formulate classical mechanics with postulating neither the weak equivalence principle, nor a gravitational constant, nor any concept of inertial mass or inertial forces a priori. We will show that all four can be derived from the theory. The theory is valid in arbitrary accelerated frames of reference and the inertial frames are determined by all other particles in the universe, as demanded by Mach's principle. The exact Newtonian inertial forces will appear in any non-inertial frame, for translational and rotational acceleration, showing that they are not fictitious, but real parts of the gravitational force. In the lowest order v/c of the theory, Newtonian mechanics is obtained. The corrections that appear are shown to be just the terms present in Gravitoelectromagnetism. Ultimately, explaining inertia as a gravitational effect will allow us to derive an expression for the gravitational constant, enabling us to explain the apparent weakness of gravity. Such a unified theory of gravity and inertia has profound implications for the nature of mass and structure of elementary particles, as well as the origin of relativistic and quantum effects. This suggests a very different path towards a combined theory of relativity, gravity, and quantum mechanics, as well as elementary particles. This will be discussed in a subsequent paper.
On the Essence of Gravitation and Inertia Part 1
2016
Masses (elementary particles) curve space positively. They sense (are affected by) curvature, created by other masses, and move accordingly. How, specifically, this occurs, is an open issue, as is the issue of inertia. Our elementary particle model, presented here, enables us to resolve these issues, show mass to be merely a practicality, and prove Newton's First and Second Laws. We show that contraction (curving) of space by a mass (GR's gravitation) creates a gradient in light velocity. A particle senses this gradient and is forced into free fall. This free fall is attributed to the currently unexplained attraction between masses. We also prove Newton's Law of Gravitation and the equivalence of gravitational and inertial masses. Part 2 of this paper shows that the spin of a particle induces space torsion that results in space contraction (positive curving) which is GR's gravitation.
Inertial mass and equivalence principle in General Relativity
We formulate the equivalence principle in Newtonian mechanics and General Relativity. We distinguish seven formulations of the equivalence principle, but not all are equivalent. We summarize the methods used in General Relativity to calculate the inertial mass. His examination leads us to consider two total energy-momentum tensors: calculated from gravitational mass and using inertial mass. The first is the one that appears in the gravitational field equation, and the second is the one that allows us to determine the system's energy and, therefore, its inertial mass. We conclude that the theory of General Relativity does not explain the equality of inertial and gravitational mass, although it is a result derivable from Newtonian mechanics.
Arxiv preprint gr-qc/0209016, 2002
A possible connection between the electromagnetic quantum vacuum and inertia was first published by Haisch, . If correct, this would imply that mass may be an electromagnetic phenomenon and thus in principle subject to modification, with possible technological implications for propulsion. A multiyear NASA-funded study at the Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center further developed this concept, resulting in an independent theoretical validation of the fundamental approach (Rueda and Haisch, 1998ab). Distortion of the quantum vacuum in accelerated reference frames results in a force that appears to account for inertia. We have now shown that the same effect occurs in a region of curved spacetime, thus elucidating the origin of the principle of equivalence . A further connection with general relativity has been drawn by Nickisch and Mollere : zero-point fluctuations give rise to spacetime micro-curvature effects yielding a complementary perspective on the origin of inertia. Numerical simulations of this effect demonstrate the manner in which a massless fundamental particle, e.g. an electron, acquires inertial properties; this also shows the apparent origin of particle spin along lines originally proposed by Schrödinger. Finally, we suggest that the heavier leptons (muon and tau) may be explainable as spatialharmonic resonances of the (fundamental) electron. They would carry the same overall charge, but with the charge now having spatially lobed structure, each lobe of which would respond to higher frequency components of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum, thereby increasing the inertia and thus manifesting a heavier mass.
2012
In this paper, by reviewing old as well as modern controversial findings, it was shown that gravity is a single unique phenomenon that after appearance attracts mass and particles around itself. This makes a misunderstanding of mass-gravity relation as cause and effect. Here, a discussion was put ahead, which concludes that mass; and actually energy condensation, cannot create gravity and it would be shown that there is no need to correlate mass with gravity. Instead it is shown that existence of something that can be called a gravity generator is the real cause of gravity and in stable celestial objects the mass around that gravity generator is only a manifestation of the severity of space-time shrinkage created by that generator. Key words: General relativity, mass-gravity relation, gravity generator.
Quantum Gravitation and Inertia
Quantum Gravitation and Inertia, 2021
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation provides the basis for calculating the attraction force between two bodies, which is called the "gravitational force" [1]. This Law uses the "mass" of bodies. Einstein General Relativity Theory proposes to calculate this gravitational force by using the curvature of space-time. This space-time curvature is supposedly due to the same "mass" [2]. Stephan Hawkings in his book (A Brief History of Time)[3] supposes that gravitons particles of quantum mechanics are the intermediaries that "give mass" to the bodies. However, there is no explanation about the nature of the gravitons or how their interaction with bodies could "give them mass". This paper presents a new way of explaining how the "mass" can be given to bodies. The starting point is an idea proposed in 1690 by Nicolas Fatio de Duillier and revisited here with new hypotheses, and then further developped with the use of the Bohmian quantum mechanics. It is shown, by means of reasoning and equations reflecting these reasoning, that the gravitational force between two bodies comes from the interaction between the revisited Nicolas Fatio's aether and matter atomic nuclei. It is also shown that the "mass" of a body is not a real entity, but is an emerging phenomenon. This idea has already been suggested by Erick Verlinde in another context [4]. Here, the emergence of "mass" is given by the interaction of the aether particles with matter atomic nuclei. The interesting point of Nicolas Fatio's theory is that it is able to solve not only the origin of gravitational force, but also the origin of inertial force. The origin of inertia comes from an induction phenomena between Nicolas Fatio's aether and matter atomic nuclei. This paper uses Nicolas Fatio's medium own word, aether, to describe gravitation and inertia. It has nothing to do with Lorentz or Maxwell luminiferous aether that has been disproved by the scientific community after the Michelson and Morley experiment.
An Explanation for the Equality between Inertia and Gravitational Mass
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS
The mechanism causing the equality of inertia and gravitational mass of a body, which was demonstrated experimentally by Eotvos in 1909 is still unexplained although this equality is the basis of Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity (GTR). Using consequences of GTR, this paper explains why the inertia mass is equally to the gravitational mass. The two masses are equal because the ‘mechanism’ that produces the inertia ‘force’ of a body is the same with the 'mechanism' that produces the gravitational ‘force’ of the same body.
A novel study in relation between the mass and gravity
International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 2012
In this paper, by reviewing old as well as modern controversial findings, it was shown that gravity is a single unique phenomenon that after appearance attracts mass and particles around itself. This makes a misunderstanding of mass-gravity relation as cause and effect. Here, a discussion was put ahead, which concludes that mass; and actually energy condensation, cannot create gravity and it would be shown that there is no need to correlate mass with gravity. Instead it is shown that existence of something that can be called a gravity generator is the real cause of gravity and in stable celestial objects the mass around that gravity generator is only a manifestation of the severity of space-time shrinkage created by that generator.
2019
In contemporary physics mass is a basic property of any physical object, but there is no consistent definition of what mass is. This article formulates a new concept of mass based on the statement that space and force field are synonyms, i.e., mass is the charge of gravity.
NATURE OF INERTIAL MASS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PHYSICS
The inertial phenomenon whose characteristic quantity is that the inertial mass is one of the natural phenomena known soonest but its nature has so far still been a big scientific enigma. On the basis of analyzing trends of cognizing the definition of inertial mass from the past up to present, the author has found another approach to the nature of this phenomenon, that is the limited time of all processes of energy exchange. In the mechanics, the finiteness of the time of energy exchange leads to the motion of the body with the limited acceleration. It does prove the portion between the potential field force and the motion acceleration of the body in the potential force field, that is a constant entity for each body, not depending on its motion; that is the inertial mass that has been hiding for a long term. Thanks to that, it is also to accurate the law of freely falling body and the principle of equivalence is also a long term enigma up to date. In addition, it has developed the general laws of dynamics for all frames of reference, not only for the inertial frame of reference.