Situational factors in homicides in a violence-ridden Brazilian favela (original) (raw)
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URBAN CRIME AND VIOLENCE. ECOLOGY OF CRIME CONTRIBUTIONS TO PUBLIC POLICIES DESIGN1
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VIOLENT CRIME IN LATIN AMERICA CITIES: RIO DE JANEIRO AND SÃO PAULO
This report presents the following main results of the Violent Crime in Latin American Cities project: 1. An analysis of the spatial and longitudinal criminal trends at the metropolitan regions of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo from 1983 through 1998; 2. A discussion about the main data source on crime and violence in Brazil such as police statistics, the mortality data from the health system and victimization surveys; 3. An analysis of the determinants of the individual risks of victimization using Logit regression models. The results allows to estimate the demographic, socio-economic and life-style factors that affects the probability of being or not being a victim of various types of crimes; 4. An analysis of socio-economic determinants of homicide based on Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression models; 5. The analysis of the crime control strategies adopted in the Brazilian cities, based on a extensive bibliographical revision.
Health & Place, 2006
Over the last decade, the number of homicides in Porto Alegre has increased to the point where external causes are now the main group of causes of death in the 5-34-year age group. Preventing these deaths depends fundamentally on identifying factors related to excess violence in population groups. The overall aim of this study is to analyse the spatial distribution of homicide victims by place of residence in Porto Alegre, the capital of the southernmost Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul, in 1996, in order to identify and understand the socio-spatial context. Demographic and socioeconomic indicators based on the 1991 census and 1996 population count were used to build a multivariate classification characterizing the 1851 census tracts. Homicides occurring in 1996 were located using the municipality's Geographic Information System. Four socioeconomic groups were identified, mainly differentiated by housing indicators. Small areas on the urban periphery in which slums (favelas) are concentrated presented higher homicide rates. Homicide rates were lower in the two groups with higher income and educational level. The second step was to classify the census tracts according to the homicide indicator. In this case, areas were differentiated by the number of household inhabitants per room, income, schooling, and median age. We conclude that the multivariate socioeconomic classification presents a limited capacity to identify populations exposed to homicides, suggesting that socioeconomic conditions themselves do not determine violent behaviour. On the other hand, the spatial methods allowed us to identify small areas where deaths are concentrated and whose populations should receive special attention in planning measures to prevent violent deaths. r
The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Peace & Conflict Studies, 2020
The definition of urban violence can have multiple meanings (Moser 2004; Pavoni and Tulumello 2018) – as expected in all discussions concerned to analyze violence – but for this entry, we follow the definition that urban violence “as the interplay between representations and the reality that people experience in certain urban environments. In other words, the city is generally referred to as a dangerous place because, the discourse says, dangerous populations live there in dangerous neighborhoods and make life unbearable for others” (Body-Gendrot 1995, p. 525). This definition is seconded by Pavoni and Tulumello (2018, p. 12) because “it can provide a further challenge to the ‘urban age’ thesis and its reductionist characterisation of the urban as a mere question of (human) inhabitation” opening the analysis for a “whole array of other entities, practices, and relations that constitute the urban,” including the manifestation of violent crime. In particular, violent crime is a key obstacle to peace in some countries, like Brazil, El Salvador, and South Africa. Those latter cases will be better examined in this entry.
Local Territorial Agents and Lethal Violent Crimes, Macapá-Brazil
Mercator
The objective of this study is to analyze the dynamics of lethal violent crimes in the territory of the neighborhoods of Cidade Nova, Congós, Jardim Felicidade, Marabaixo I, Muca and Novo Buritizal from the perspectives of different social actors interviewed in the city of Macapá. The research was descriptive and exploratory, developed from a bibliographical survey, field research and the systematization of secondary data collected from the Statistics and Criminal Analysis Department, subordinated to the State Secretariat of Justice and Public Security of Amapá. To this end, descriptive statistical techniques were used, associated with GIS and content analysis of interviews. The results show that the violence registered in Macapá, especially on the neighborhood level, is distributed differently in the urban space, and above all, has caused fear and insecurity in the population. The perpetrators and victims of lethal crime are predominantly male adolescents and youths, as a result of conflicts arising from non-payment of debts related to the drug trade.
Crime and Urban Environment : Impacts on Human Health
2009
In recent decades, crime levels have given increasing cause for alarm, bringing material and immaterial consequences that have still to be properly understood. Anti-crime strategies urgently need to be implemented in order to promote safe communities and contribute to their sustainable development. Crime needs to be taken into account during the planning process, as valuable components can be provided that can offer effective approaches to crime prevention and the improvement of community safety. These almost inevitably require long-term, strategic and multi-disciplinary interventions for urban and suburban areas, such as Amadora in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). Crime, and especially the fear of crime, affects the mental and physical wellbeing of victims, causing behavioural alterations, with serious consequences for the whole community. It is also the main contributor to the decline of quality of life in urban areas in Portugal. This paper assesses: i) the relationship betwee...
2019
Criminality and public safety are associated and dependent concepts and therefore evidence – through statistical indicators establishes an existing correlation between both using a descriptive type approach. This document aims to analyze, interpret and describe the behavior of the crimes that occurred during 2018 in Colombia. In this sense it begins with the debate of socioeconomic and public safety aspects of the criminal economy, as well as its impact on the commission of criminal elements. The methodology used focuses on the Principal Components Analysis (PCA), which determines the grouping and concentration of eight crimes nationwide per quarter; then it focuses on 10 capital cities that concentrate 23% of the crimes, finally it does it in the localities of Bogotá. Likewise, the criminological analysis is carried out to illustrate Receipt date: 2019/06/25 | Evaluation date: 2019/07/02 | Approval date: 2019/07/09 Citizen security, violence and criminality: a holistic and criminol...
Violence in Criminology – the Nature, Reasons, and Perspectives
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio G, (Ius), 2018
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