Maritime Networking: Bringing Internet to the Sea (original) (raw)
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Nautical Ad-hoc Network Application Development for Maritime Communications
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017
High data rate communication in terrestrial wireless scenarios can be accomplished by setting up Base Stations (BS) on the ground. But applying the similar technique to maritime communication may not be suitable because owing to the geographically constrained nature of the ocean, henceforth, MF/HF modems, extensive-distance transmission characteristics with low data-rate are commonly employed in maritime communiqué. Inmarsat is conservatively used in Maritime satellite communiqué in order to reimburse for low data-rate transmission of MF/HF modems, but its main negative aspect is high cost. To improve the transmission speed along with low price, in general, a network whose architecture is similar to Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET), that permits peer-to-peer transportation without BS, i.e., ad-hoc network is critical. An ad-hoc network for nautical environment named as Nautical Ad-hoc Network (NANET) was proposed. Multiple access and duplexing schemes are used to implement the nautical network for corresponding NANET scenarios.
A Novel Framework to Simulate Maritime Wireless Communication Networks
2007
We developed a framework for simulating wireless communications in the ocean environment, The framework incorporates three unique maritime features: the wave motion and its effect on wireless transmissions, the ocean surface path loss characteristics, and the mobility pattern of the ships conducting wireless transmissions. We implemented our design in the Qual-Net network simulator. Using the enhanced simulator, we were able to produce simulation results comparable to experimental measurements carried out under similar settings. In addition, we observed the expected communication quality changes as the sea condition worsens in the network simulator.
An Overview of Maritime Wireless Mesh Communication Technologies and Protocols
International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking, 2014
Maritime wireless mesh networks (MWMNs) are conceived to provide network connectivity for maritime users and enable them to communicate with correspondent users connected to terrestrial communication networks. The high cost and low data-rate of satellite and other legacy maritime communication technologies and systems deployed in MWMNs pose major limitation to establish reliable and affordable maritime communications. In addition, the design of routing protocols in MWMNs remains a significant challenge due to the lack of reliable communication infrastructure and complexity of maritime environment. This paper explains the existing maritime communication technologies and routing protocols which could be deployed in implementing reliable MWMNs. Comprehensive guidelines are outlined to easily understand and critically assess the different deployed maritime communication networks and systems with routing protocols, and identify the milestones in the process of developing and implementing...
Two-state routing protocol for maritime multi-hop wireless networks
Computers & Electrical Engineering, 2013
The expens ive satellite communication currently accessible from ships is ill equipped to meet the needs of a growing number of seafaring Internet users. In order to provide cheap and high-speed Internet access to ships, the radio coverage of existing broadba nd networks can be extended through a multi-hop network that provides wireless links between neighboring ships. One of the most important issues in such networks is the appropriate choice of a routing protocol that provides efficient and reliable communic ation. In this paper, a maritime two-state routing protocol for a multi-hop ship netwo rk is proposed that provides efficient and reliable communication with a minimum of overhead. The maritime path loss model considered for simulations and the mobility model used in this paper represent real traffic of ships. In this paper, the proposed routing protocol is compared to the leading alternatives and simulation results are presented to quantify the performance.
netBaltic System – Heterogeneous Wireless Network for Maritime Communications
Polish Maritime Research, 2018
In case of maritime communications, we observe a growing interest in deployment of multitask satellite-based solutions and development of new maritime-specific systems intended for improvements in safety of e-navigation. Analysis of different types of currently used maritime communication systems leads, however, to a conclusion that neither global and still very expensive satellite systems nor cheaper, but short-ranged transmission technologies can, on their own, fully meet the today's expectations and quality requirements formulated for broadband maritime systems. This lack of reliable solutions, offering high throughput and ubiquitous availability of coverage to a wide audience at a relatively low price is one of the main barriers in a widespread implementation of e-navigation initiatives. This issue is addressed in the netBaltic project with the objective to design, deploy and validate in a real maritime environment a non-satellite wireless communication system enabling ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore information exchange via a multi-hop network composed of onshore base stations, maritime vessels and other transit elements such as buoys. In this paper, the idea of a heterogeneous wireless maritime system is presented. Details of the proposed netBaltic node architecture are described highlighting the solutions introduced in the project as a response to specific maritime communication requirements. Numerical results of communication area coverage are presented for four different scenarios utilizing different wireless transmission technologies. In particular, they indicate that when using appropriate wireless communication solutions, the number of vessels being able to connect to Internet is significantly increased as compared to traditional wireless systems (capable of one-hop communication) from 14% for short-range transmission technologies up to as high as 127% in case when relatively long-range transmission technologies are employed within the system.
Wireless communications for marine sensor networks
Current marine wireless communication systems used for monitoring applications based on buoys suffer from lots of weakness. Many research works concern the design and development of new technological applications to improve marine communications. Particularly, a wireless sensor network (WSN) based on WiMAX standard at the 5.8 GHz band (license-exempt band) could be a good candidate. WSNs are a highly attractive solution in that they are easy to deploy, operate and they are composed of many relatively inexpensive sensor nodes. As an initial task, a propagation channel measurement campaign in maritime environments was carried out to investigate the impact of the wireless channel on inter-node communications. This work provides radio measurements between two nodes of a marine WSN near urban environments. In particular, a link between a buoy and a small ship is investigated. The designed measurement system is described and the experimental measurements are shown. This investigation is useful, among others, for planning Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) networks offshore around these challenge environments.
An Integrated Wireless Communication Architecture for Maritime Sector
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2011
The rapid evolution of terrestrial wireless systems has brought mobile users more and more desired communication services. Maritime customers are asking for the same, such as the concepts of "Broadband at Sea" and "Maritime Internet". Quite a lot of research work has focused on the development of new and better maritime communication technologies, but less attention has been paid on interworking of multiple maritime wireless networks or on satisfying service provisioning. To address this, an integrated wireless Communication Architecture for Maritime Sector (CAMS) has been introduced in this article. CAMS is aimed at 1) granting maritime customers uninterrupted connectivity through the best available network and 2) providing them with the bestprovisioned communication services in terms of mobility, security and Quality of Experience (QoE). To address mobility challenge, the IEEE 802.21 standard is recommended to be used in CAMS in order to achieve seamless handover. CAMS provides application-level QoE support attending to the limited communication resources (e.g. bandwidth) at sea. Certain security considerations have also been proposed to supplement this architecture.
A Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols for Maritime Wireless Mesh Networks
2008
We envisage coverage extension of the high bit rate terrestrial communication networks to the ships to reduce the cost in maritime communications. The coverage extension is achieved by forming a mobile wireless mesh network amongst neighboring ships, marine beacons and buoys. The wireless mesh network will be connected to the terrestrial networks across multiple hops via land stations at shore. In such a multi-hop wireless network, routing protocol is important. This paper compares the performance of three existing routing protocols in a maritime communication environment. The three routing protocols are OLSR, AODV and AOMDV. The performance comparison is done via simulation. In the simulation, the wireless mesh network is formed using WiMAX mesh MAC protocol. Also, the random sea surface movement and maritime communication link characteristic are simulated. From the simulation results, we found that OLSR is not as efficient as AODV and AOMDV. Also, compared to AODV, the performance of AOMDV is less affected by sea condition.
2007 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'07), 2007
The performance of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) is related to the efficiency of the routing protocols in adapting to frequently changing network topology and link status. This paper addresses the issue by comparing the relative performance of three key adhoc routing protocols: Destination-sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR). The protocols are tested based on two scenarios, namely, tactical networks for ships and sensor-based network nodes. Four performance metrics were measured by varying the maximum speed of mobile hosts, network size and traffic load, to assess the routing capability and protocol efficiency. The simulation results indicate that AODV performs better than OSLR and DSDV in the first scenario. Although OLSR also performed relatively well, the associated high routing overhead is the dominant reason for not choosing it. On the other hand, OLSR emerged as the protocol of choice for sensor networks, where the high routing overhead is counteracted by consistently better performance in all other metrics. Due to the slow evolution of the sensor network topology, OLSR performed satisfactorily for best effort traffic but needed subtle adjustments to balance between latency and bandwidth to meet the requirements of delay-sensitive applications.
Emerging maritime communications technologies
2009
Current maritime systems are to a large extent based on legacy analog VHF radios for ship-to-shore communications near port waters, and relatively low bandwidth digital satellite communications (SatCom) for long-range ship-toship and ship-to-shore communications. The cost of bandwidth for SatCom networks is expected to remain high due to the cost of launching satellites into orbit and also due to the stabilizers required for presently available on-board antennas. On the other hand, the legacy VHF system comprises low bandwidth radios incapable of supporting applications requiring high data rates. Unlike the terrestrial net-works, advancement in maritime networks is severely lagging behind its land counterpart.