Estimación de la percepción de distancia durante la locomoción (original) (raw)
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Distance perception in a natural outdoor setting: is there adevelopmental trend to overconstancy?
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The main purpose of the present study was to investigate whether in natural environment, using very large physical distances, there is a trend to overconstancy for distance estimates during development. One hundred and twenty-nine children aged 5 to 13 years old and twenty-one adults (in a control group), participated as observers. The observer's task was to bisect egocentric distances, ranging from 1.0 to 296.0 m, presented in a large open field. The analyses focused on two parameters, constant errors and variable errors, such as measuring accuracy and precision, respectively. A third analysis focused on the developmental pattern of shifts in constancy as a function of age and range of distances. Constant error analysis showed that there are two relevant parameters for accuracy, age, and range of distances. For short distances, there are three developmental stages: 5-7 years, when children have unstable responses, 7-11, underconstancy, and 13 to adulthood, when accuracy is reached. For large distances, there is a two-stage development: 5-11 years, with severe underconstancy, and beyond this age, with mild underconstancy. Variable errors analyses indicate that precision is noted for 7 year-old children, independently of the range of distances. The constancy analyses indicated that there is a shift from constancy (or slightly overconstancy) to underconstancy as a function of physical distance for all age groups. The age difference is noted in the magnitude of underconstancy that occurs in larger distances, where adults presented lower levels of underconstancy than children. The present data were interpreted as due to a developmental change in cognitive processing rather than to changes in visual space perception.
2020
Walking through an environment involves perceiving one’s walking body and its environment relative to each other. The sensation of placing one foot in front of the other may therefore arise from sensory stimuli configuring into the structure of a body perambulating an environment. Sensory stimuli constituting such a locomotor structure may accordingly bear the potential to induce in seated individuals the locomotor illusion of walking through an environment. To date, this was not investigated. Here, we have therefore exposed sixteen seated human subjects in a life-sized virtual environment to visual and tactile stimuli that configured either into the structure of a body perambulating an environment or into a control structure. Our subjects experienced locomotor illusions exclusively when the visuo-tactile stimuli configured into the «body-perambulating-environment» structure. This suggests that the locomotor illusion of walking through an environment can arise in seated individuals ...