delphinidinand cyanidin-3-O-sambubiosides from Hibiscus sabdariffa (original) (raw)
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Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences
Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) has gained attention as an anti-hypertensive agent. In the present study, we hypothesized that anthocyanins from HS may attenuate salt-induced hypertension in rats by suppressing the components of renin-angiotensin-aldoslestrone system (RAAS). Hypertension was induced in the rats by adding 8% NaCl in their diet for six weeks. Wistar rats (n=5 each) were randomly divided into seven groups. Group 1 was the normentensive control group and was fed with normal rat chew and water ad libitum; groups 2 and 3 served as hypertensive control (negative untreated and positive treated with captopril 30mg/kg respectively); groups 4, 5, and 6 served as treatment groups and were administered with graded doses of anthocyanins( 50, 100, 200mg/kg respectively) while group 7 received both 100mg anthocyanins and 30mg captopril per day for 4 weeks. Using HPLC, anthocyanins were isolated from HS calyx following standard protocol. Anthocyanins significantly (p<0.05) reduced blood...
Phytochemical Analysis , Purification and Identification of Hibiscus Anthocyanins
2015
Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal and food plant rich in phytochemical compounds which are the source of its biological properties. The present work aim to study the phytochemical screening of H. sabdariffa for various medicinally important compounds and their quantification. The results showed that alkaloids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, saponins and tannins are present in calyces of the Hibiscus sabdariffa. Anthocyanin content was highest while the contents of other flavonoids and phenolic acids were lowest. Two Hibiscus anthocyanins such as cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and delphinidin 3-Oglucoside were purified and identified by CPC and HPLC in calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa. The presence of phytochemical compounds constituting mainly calyces of H. sabdariffa, such as anthocyanins, flavonoids and phenolic acids justify its uses in folkloric medicines. Keyword: Hibiscus sabdariffa; Phytochemical; Anthocyanins; Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside; Delphinidin 3-Oglucoside
Phytomedicine, 2004
In order to compare the antihypertensive effectiveness and tolerability of a standardized extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa with captopril, a controlled and randomized clinical trial was done. Patients from 30 to 80 years old with diagnosed hypertension and without antihypertensive treatment for at least 1 month before were included. The experimental procedure consisted of the administration of an infusion prepared with 10 g of dry calyx from H. sabdariffa on 0.5 l water (9.6 mg anthocyanins content), daily before breakfast, or captopril 25 mg twice a day, for 4 weeks. The outcome variables were tolerability, therapeutic effectiveness (diastolic reduction X10 mm Hg) and, in the experimental group, urinary electrolytes modification. Ninety subjects were included, 15 withdrew from the study due to non-medical reasons; so, the analysis included 39 and 36 patients from the experimental and control group, respectively. The results showed that H. sabdariffa was able to decrease the systolic blood pressure (BP) from 139.05 to 123.73 mm Hg (ANOVA po0:03) and the diastolic BP from 90.81 to 79.52 mm Hg (ANOVA po0:06). At the end of the study, there were no significant differences between the BP detected in both treatment groups (ANOVA p > 0:25). The rates of therapeutic effectiveness were 0.7895 and 0.8438 with H. sabdariffa and captopril, respectively (X 2 ; p > 0:560), whilst the tolerability was 100% for both treatments. A natriuretic effect was observed with the experimental treatment. The obtained data confirm that the H. sabdariffa extract, standardized on 9.6 mg of total anthocyanins, and captopril 50 mg/day, did not show significant differences relative to hypotensive effect, antihypertensive effectiveness, and tolerability.
Some anthocyanins isolated and identified from petals and calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceae
International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2019
Hibiscus sabdariffa is medicinal and food plant rich in phytochemical compounds which are the source of its biological properties. The present work was conducted in objective to identify the anthocyanins which are medicinally important compounds by the methodes such as CPC and HPLC. The results showed that four Hibiscus anthocyanins were isolated and identified from petals and calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa. It is cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside, delphinidin 3-O-sambubioside cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and delphinidin 3-O-glucoside with cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside and delphinidin 3-O-sambubioside as the major compounds of the petal of this plant. The presence of these phytochemical compounds justifies its uses in folkloric medicines. 1. Introduction In recent times, focus on plant research has increased all over the world and a large body of evidence has collected to show immense potentials of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems. Various medicinal plants have been studied using modern scientific approaches. Ethnobotany and ethnopharmacognosy, the basis of useful knowledge on plants in their relationship with traditional or popular therapeutic uses, constitute a guide for chemical, pharmacological and physiological studies that allow the establishment of a scientific foundation for supposed therapeutic properties. The results from these plants have revealed the potentials of medicinal plants in the area of pharmacology [1-4]. Hibiscus sabdariffa L., a member of the Malvaceae family, is an annual dicotyledonous herbaceous shrub popularly known as roselle (English), l'oiselle (French), karkade (Arabic) and bissap (Wolof). This plant is well known in Asia and Africa and is commonly used to make jellies, jams and beverages. In Côte d'Ivoire, it is a highly source of vegetable food. Indeed, young leaves and stems are eaten raw or cooked in salads, and as a seasoning in curries. The dried petals are used in the preparation of local nonalcoholic cold beverage and as a hot drink highly appreciated in Côte d'Ivoire. This nonalcoholic drink called bissap prepared from the red petals is popular and highly appreciated by population in most of the West African countries [5]. In folk medicine, it has been used to treat hypertension [6] , inflammatory disease [7] and cancer [8]. The flowers of Hibiscus sabdariffa contain anthocyanins, flavonoids and polyphenols [9]. Studies have highlighted the role of polyphenolic acid, flavonoids and anthocyanins that may act as antioxidants or have other mechanisms contributing to the cardio protective actions [10]. Anthocyanins are members of the flavonoid group of phytochemicals that are widely distributed in nature, which are responsible for the attractive colors of many flowers, fruits, grains and related products derived from them [11]. Anthocyanins are water-soluble glycosides and acylglycosides of anthocyanidins, and they are found in the form of polyhydroxylated and or methoxylated heterosides which derive from the flavylium ion or 2-phenylbenzopyrilium in nature [12]. Six anthocyanidins are widespread in fruits and vegetables, which are cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin and petunidin [13]. These compounds are based on the same 2-phenylbenzopyrilium (flavylium) skeleton hydroxylated in 3, 5, and 7 positions and different in the number and position of hydroxyl and methoxyl groups in the Bring [14]. Anthocyanins are valuable as kinds of important quality indicators in foods and chemotaxonomic indicators in plants. The roles of anthocyanin pigments as medicinal agents have been well-accepted dogma in folk medicine throughout the world, and, in fact, these pigments are linked to an amazingly broad-based range of health benefits. Recent research has shown that anthocyanins have numerous health beneficial properties, which include antioxidant [5, 15] , anticarcinogenic [16, 17] , antimicrobial [18] , anti-inflammatory [19] ,
Nutrition & Metabolism, 2009
Background In this study, we suggested characterizing the vasodilator effects and the phytochemical characteristics of a plant with food usage also used in traditional treatment of arterial high blood pressure in Senegal. Methods Vascular effects of crude extract of dried and powdered calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa were evaluated on isolated thoracic aorta of male Wistar rats on organ chambers. The crude extract was also enriched by liquid-liquid extraction. The various cyclohexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol extracts obtained as well as the residual marc were subjected to Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The different methanolic eluate fractions were then analyzed by Thin Layer (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and their vascular effects also evaluated. Results The H. Sabdariffa crude extract induced mainly endothelium-dependent relaxant effects. The endothelium-dependent relaxations result from NOS activation and those who not dependent to endothelium from activation of smooth muscle potassium channels. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids in the ethyl acetate extract and anthocyans in the butanolic extract. The biological efficiency of the various studied extracts, in term of vasorelaxant capacity, showed that: Butanol extract > Crude extract > Residual marc > Ethyl acetate extract. These results suggest that the strong activity of the butanolic extract is essentially due to the presence of anthocyans found in its fractions 43-67. Conclusion These results demonstrate the vasodilator potential of hibiscus sabdariffa and contribute to his valuation as therapeutic alternative.
Inhibition of angiotensin convertin...
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The beverages of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces are widely used in Mexico as diuretic, for treating gastrointestinal disorders, liver diseases, fever, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. Different works have demonstrated that Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts reduce blood pressure in humans, and recently, we demonstrated that this effect is due to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor activity. Aim of the study: The aim of the current study was to isolate and characterizer the constituents responsible of the ACE activity of the aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa. Materials and methods: Bioassay-guided fractionation of the aqueous extract of dried calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa using preparative reversed-phase HPLC, and the in vitro ACE Inhibition assay, as biological monitor model, were used for the isolation. The isolated compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Results: The anthocyanins delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside (1) and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (2) were isolated by bioassay-guided purification. These compounds showed IC 50 values (84.5 and 68.4 g/mL, respectively), which are similar to those obtained by related flavonoid glycosides. Kinetic determinations suggested that these compounds inhibit the enzyme activity by competing with the substrate for the active site. Conclusions: The competitive ACE inhibitor activity of the anthocyanins 1 and 2 is reported for the first time. This activity is in good agreement with the folk medicinal use of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces as antihypertensive.
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. – A phytochemical and pharmacological review
Food Chemistry, 2014
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Hs, roselle; Malvaceae) has been used traditionally as a food, in herbal drinks, in hot and cold beverages, as a flavouring agent in the food industry and as a herbal medicine. In vitro and in vivo studies as well as some clinical trials provide some evidence mostly for phytochemically poorly characterised Hs extracts. Extracts showed antibacterial, anti-oxidant, nephro-and hepato-protective, renal/diuretic effect, effects on lipid metabolism (anti-cholesterol), anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effects among others. This might be linked to strong antioxidant activities, inhibition of a-glucosidase and a-amylase, inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE), and direct vaso-relaxant effect or calcium channel modulation. Phenolic acids (esp. protocatechuic acid), organic acid (hydroxycitric acid and hibiscus acid) and anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside) are likely to contribute to the reported effects. More well designed controlled clinical trials are needed which use phytochemically characterised preparations. Hs has an excellent safety and tolerability record.
A review of chemical constituents and pharmacological properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L
International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology
Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant that is consumed for its health benefits, juice/concoction prepared from the plant is taken as a preventive/curative measures against diabetes and hypertension. The antihypertensive and other pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, anti-oxidant, nephro-and hepato-protective, renal/diuretic effect, anti-cholesterol, and anti-diabetic effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa have been demonstrated in several studies. Constituents of different plant parts of Hibiscus sabdariffa include phenolic acids, organic acid, flavonoids and anthocyanins which may contribute to the pharmacological effects of the plant. Hibiscus sabdariffa is relatively safe as LD50 of its extract in rats was found to be above 5000 mg/kg. Therefore, Hibiscus sabdariffa because of its pharmacological and nutritional benefits could be exploited in the management of various pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurological disorders and diabetes.
Diuretic Effect of Compounds from Hibiscus sabdariffa by Modulation of the Aldosterone Activity
Planta Medica, 2012
Introduction ! Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Malvaceae) is a crucial resource used by Mexican traditional medicine in the treatment of certain disorders included in the metabolic syndrome such as dyslipidemia and diabetes. H. sabdariffa extracts have been shown to have different effects acting as hypocholesterolemic [1, 2], anti-hyperglucemic , and especially as antihypertensive agents . As to this last characteristic, the H. sabdariffa extract is known to possess specific effects on peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac output, two therapeutic targets of prime importance in hypertension treatment . In addition, these extracts can inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) . Regarding cardiac output, H. sabdariffa extracts have shown diuretic [7-10] and natriuretic effects , nonetheless, the mechanisms by which they produce these effects on plasma volume and thereby in cardiac output have not been described. The aim of the present work was to demonstrate that H. sabdariffa calyx extracts possess diuretic, natriuretic, and potassium-sparing effects with a mechanism of action by blocking the expression of the epithelial sodium channel Abstract ! Recent studies of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. have demonstrated that it presents diuretic, natriuretic, and potassium sparing effects. However, the mechanism that induces these effects has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the possible mechanism of action for the diuretic effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract and its fractions. The aqueous extract from this plant and the fractions obtained with solvents of different polarities were administered to adrenalectomized rats, and the diuretic effect was measured in the presence of deoxycorticosterone acetate (aldosterone analog). The effect on renal filtration was also evaluated in an in situ kidney model, and finally, the effect of diuretic active extracts on gene expression of the alpha subunit from the transporter (αENaC) of renal epithelial cell was quantified. The subsequent results were obtained: The aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa presented the following chemical composition, 32.4 mg/g delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside, 11.5 mg/g cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside, 11.5 mg/g quercetin, and chlorogenic acid 2.7 mg/g. The concentration of anthocyanins was diminished until disappearance due to decrease of the polarity of the solvents used in the extraction process, in contrast to the flavonoids and chlorogenic acid, which had their concentration increased. The diuretic effect caused by adrenalectomy in rats was reversed by deoxycorticosterone acetate activity. However, the effect of deoxycorticosterone acetate was antagonized by spironolactone, the aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa, and the acetonitrile : methanol 5 : 5 mixture extract, administered orally. A similar effect was observed on renal filtration obtained from the isolated kidney model. When the gene expression levels of αENaC was measured in adrenalectomized rats, it was observed that spironolactone, the aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa, the acetonitrile : methanol 5 : 5 mixture, as well as the acetonitrile extract significantly decreased the expression of this protein. The conclusion of this work is that the diuretic, natriuretic, and potassium sparing effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa are due in part to the modulation of aldosterone activity by the presence in the extract of this plant of compounds potentially responsible for this modulation, as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and chlorogenic acid.