Phenolic Plant Extracts Induce Sirt1 Activity and Increase Antioxidant Levels in the Rabbit’s Heart and Liver (original) (raw)
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Livestock Science, 2017
Oxidative stress can cause damage to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids in several biological systems, leading to the functional and structural impairment of individual molecules that may be involved in various diseases. The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of dietary plant extract supplementation, based on Lippia citriodora, horseradish (Raphanus sativus L.) and lycopene (Solanum lycopersicum L.), on several blood parameters and plasma oxidative status in growing rabbits. The experiment lasted 80 days and was conducted on 160 weanedrabbits, divided into four groups of 40 animals each, matched by age (38 ± 2 days) and body weight (1.49 ± 0.07 kg). The control group (CON) received a weaning-fattening feed without any feed additives, while of the other three experimental groups, the first group received a supplement of plant extract based on Lippia citriodora, containing 5 mg of verbascoside/kg feed (VB group), the second group received 5 mg of lycopene/kg feed, tomato fruit extract (LIC group), and the third received 350 mg of Raphanus sativus root extract/kg feed (RAF group). The feed additives, based on verbascoside (Lippia citriodora), horseradish (Raphanus sativus L.) and lycopene (Solanum lycopersicum L.) resulted in a marked decrease in blood content of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and bilirubin. In addition, only when verbascoside was supplemented, were improvements in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and AST enzyme levels observed. Plasma oxidative markers significantly improved for all three extract groups. There was a significant reduction in ROMs and TBARS values, as well as an increase in the content of retinol and alfa-tocopherol, confirming the strong antioxidant ability of the plant extracts used. A dietary supplementation with phyto-extracts, based on Lippia citriodora, horseradish and lycopene can thus be effectively used in rabbit feeding due to the positive effects observed on the blood parameters and plasma oxidative status, with possible beneficial effects on the welfare of livestock animals.
Objective: Raphanus sativus is a hugely used edible root vegetable. We investigated whether the feeding of the Raphanus sativus hot water extract (RSE) ameliorates atherogenic lipid profile and oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemia. Methods: After feeding of the RSE to hypercholesterolemic rats for 6 weeks, the levels of plasma and hepatic total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and fecal TC levels were studied. The effects of RSE on the hepatic enzymes, namely alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the levels of lipid peroxide (LPO) and liver histology were also evaluated. Results: Hypercholesterolemia increased the levels of TC and TG in the plasma and livers. The levels of ALT, AST and ALP in plasma and LPO in the liver also increased. The dietary RSE, however, significantly ameliorated the above atherogenic lipids and liver enzymes. The RSE significantly reduced the levels of LPO in the liver, suggesting an in vivo protection against oxidative stress. The RSE also inhibited the in vitro Fenton's reagent-induced oxidative stress, thus corroborating the in vivo anti-LPO actions of RSE. The levels of hepatic LPO were positively correlated with plasma AST (r=0.76; P <0.05) and ALT (r=0.43; P<0.05) levels. Histologically, the livers of the RSE-fed hypercholesterolemic rats exhibited lesser fatty droplets and reduced inflammatory cells. Conclusion: Finally, R. sativus extract lowers the cardiovascular disease risk factors under hypercholesterolemic situation by increasing the plasma/hepatic clearance of cholesterol and improving the hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative damage of hepatic tissues.
An in vitro comparative study of the antioxidant activity and SIRT1 modulation of natural compounds
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2018
Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defences. Several studies have suggested that dietary antioxidants (such as polyphenols and berberine) may counteract oxidative stress through the involvement of the Sirtuin 1/Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (SIRT1/AMPK) pathway. The aim of this study was to evaluate the direct and specific antioxidant activity of some natural compounds, as well as their ability to modulate the expression of SIRT1 and the activation of AMPK. Quercetin, tyrosol, ferulic acid, catechin, berberine and curcumin were evaluated for their specific and direct antioxidant activity with TOSC assay. Their ability to modulate SIRT1 and AMPK was assessed by immunoblotting assay, while their cytotoxicity by CellTiter-Blue Cell Viability Assay. No statistically significant decrease (p > 0.05) in the number of viable cells was found upon challenging with the natural compounds. Quercetin exhibited th...
Dietary Phytochemicals Promote Health by Enhancing Antioxidant Defence in a Pig Model
Nutrients, 2017
Phytochemical-rich diets are protective against chronic diseases and mediate their protective effect by regulation of oxidative stress (OS). However, it is proposed that under some circumstances, phytochemicals can promote production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro, which might drive OS-mediated signalling. Here, we investigated the effects of administering single doses of extracts of red cabbage and grape skin to pigs. Blood samples taken at baseline and 30 min intervals for 4 hours following intake were analyzed by measures of antioxidant status in plasma, including Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. In addition, dose-dependent production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by the same extracts was measured in untreated commercial pig plasma in vitro. Plasma from treated pigs showed extract dose-dependent increases in non-enzymatic (plasma TEAC) and enzymatic (GPx) antioxidant capacities. Similarly, extract dose-dependent inc...
European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
Attempt at comparing the impact of some antioxidant-rich vegetables (singularly or combinations) on common atherosclerosis lipid parameters. The experiments were conducted in three phases. Phase (A) Five (5) ml each of aqueous extract of (i) fresh (ocimum gratissimum) scent leaf (ii) bitter leafs (vernonia amygdalina) (iii) 2.5ml each of bitter leaf and scent leaf mix; was mixed thoroughly with 100g of normal rat feed. Phase (B) five (5) ml each of aqueous extract of (i) utazi (gongronema latifolium) leafs (ii) aloevera leafs (iii) 2.5g each of utazi and aloe vera mix; was mixed into 100g normal rat feed. The third phase involved 5g each of (i) fresh (docasus carota) carrot (ii) tomato (solanum lycopersicum) (iii) carrot and tomato mix. Each of the nine (9) feed samples (3 from each phase) were separately feed to a set of three albino rats for 21 days; so was 100% (control) rat feed and garlic supplemented (5g crushed garlic, blended with 100g) rat feed. The weights, feed intake and weight of droppings of the rats were recorded at three days' intervals during experimental feeding. The blood samples of the rats were harvested at the end of the 21 days and lipid analysis carried out on them. The rat feeds supplemented with utazi, nchanwu and aloevera leafs' water extracts respectively scored 2.7, 3.7 and 2.9mmol/ml respectively regarding total cholesterol; all significantly lower than the normal range of 5.17mmol/ml (p ≤ 0.05). With respect to triglycerides, 1.9, 1.9 and 1.7 respectively scored by Utazi, aloe vera and bitter leaf supplemented feeds were all close to the acceptable range of 0.7-1.7Mmol/ml. The combined effect of utazi and Aloe vera on HDL, was significantly lowering (0.5Mmol/ml) compared to 1.5 and 1.6 Mmol/ml of individual Utazi and Aloe vera respectively. The three feed samples (Utazi/aleovera, tomatoe/carrot and bitter leaf/scent leaf) that combined two vegetables rich in same or different antioxidants, all reported lower weight gains with collaborating lower scores in lipid parameters; clue for broad spectrum anti atherosclerosis therapy preparation.
Nutrition Research, 2015
In the recent years, the consumption of seafood has increased. There are no results on the studies of Rapana venosa (Rv) as a supplementation to the diets. We hypothesized that Rv would increase antioxidant capacity and reduce blood lipids, based on the composition of bioactive compounds and fatty acids. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo actions of Rv from contaminated (C) and non-C (NC) regions of collection on lipid profiles, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme activities in serum of rats fed an atherogenic diet. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 each and named control, cholesterol (Chol), Chol/RvC and Chol/RvNC. Rats of all 4 groups were fed the basal diet, which included wheat starch, casein, soybean oil, cellulose, vitamin (American Institute of Nutrition for laboratory animals vitamin mixtures), and mineral mixtures (American Institute of Nutrition for laboratory animals mineral mixtures). During 28 days of the experiment, the rats of the control group received the basal diet only, and the diets of the other 3 groups were supplemented with 1% of Chol, 1% of Chol, and 5% of Rv dry matter from C and NC areas. Dry matter from C and NC areas supplemented diets slightly hindered the rise in serum lipids vs Chol group: total Chol, 13.18% and 11.63% and low-density lipoprotein Chol, 13.57% and 15.08%, respectively. Cholesterol significantly decreased the Keywords:
Livestock Science, 2017
Consumers particularly appreciate rabbit meat for its low lipid content, rich of polyunsaturated fatty acids, for the high biological value and content of protein, and for its low cholesterol content. The high degree of unsaturation of fatty acids makes meat particularly susceptible to oxidative processes during storage; so in the effort to increase its oxidative stability and improve quality traits, a study was carried out to assess the effect of dietary supplementation of Lippia citriodora, Raphanus sativus and Solanum lycopersicum plant extract in intensively-reared growing rabbits. The experiment was performed on 160 weaned rabbits for 80 days, from which one group was control (CON) receiving a fattening-feed without any supplements. The other three experimental groups received an integration of Lippia citriodora extract (VB group, containing 5 mg of verbascoside per kg of feed), of Solanum lycopersicum extract (LIC group, containing 5 mg of lycopene per kg of feed), and of Raphanus sativus extract (RAF group, containing 350 mg per kg of feed) respectively. The plant extracts have determined in the muscle Longissimum lumborum of rabbit meat a significant reduction in cholesterol, saturated fatty acids and thiobarbituric reactive substances, as well as a marked increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids and in alpha-tocopherol and retinol content. The use of plant extracts have not produced a meat chemical composition change a productive performance and dressing percentage increase; however feed additives favoured improving the nutritional and nutraceuticals quality of meat, with beneficial effects on the health of the consumer. In addition, the use of plant extracts has permitted obtaining meat with greater oxidative stability with evident positive implications on its shelf-life. life of the meat (Marzoni et al., 2014). Botsoglou et al. (2004) observed an improving of oxidative stability of Japanese quail meat, following the dietary supplementation of 5% of dry tomato pulp, with lycopene and beta-carotene as main components. Among many plant extracts, found in nature and used as dietary supplements in farm animals, include those based on Lippia citriodora, radish (Raphanus sativus) and Solanum lycopersicum. The Lippia citriodora belongs to the family of Verbenaceae and contains verbascoside as a major component. It is a water soluble compound of phenylpropanoids glycosides, including caffeic acid and hydroxytyrosol bound to a beta-(D)-glucopyranoside. Its high antioxidant activity were studied both in vitro (Afanasev, 2005)
Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 2020
Daucus carota (carrot) seed is used medicinally in the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus, in which oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia are associated complications. The study evaluated the antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects of aqueous seed extract of D. carota (AQEDCS) in triton ×100-induced hyperlipidemic mice. The in vitro antioxidant activities of the extract (0.2-1.0 mg/ml) were evaluated using total antioxidant capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, and ferric ion scavenging. In vivo antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic properties of AQEDCS extract were evaluated using triton ×100-induced oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in mice. AQEDCS contains alkaloids, tannins, phenols, and produced significant antioxidant effects in vitro compared to Vitamin C. AQEDCS significantly (P < 0.05) decreased levels of plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein, coronary artery, cardiac, and atherogenic indices and increased circulating high-density lipoprotein levels when compared to untreated hyperlipidemic mice. AQEDCS significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the level of malondialdehyde compared to untreated hyperlipidemic mice. AQEDCS and simvastatin decreased (P < 0.05) reduced glutathione concentration in plasma, with no difference (P > 0.05) in the liver of mice compared to untreated hyperlipidemic mice. Similarly, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in plasma nitrite levels, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase except in AQEDCS mice that received 100 mg/kg body weight dose of AQEDCS extract when compared with non-induced control. The results indicated that AQEDCS possesses antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects, and could complement antioxidant defense system in vivo during oxidative stress as well as prevent further complications that could arise from hyperlipidemia during its usage for diabetes mellitus treatments.