The Effects of Diets with Different Protein Contents on Growth Performance and Digestibility , and on Some Ruminal Fermentation and Blood Parameters , in Bafra Lambs (original) (raw)
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Protein nutrition of growing lambs
British Journal of Nutrition, 1979
1. Lambs with cannulas in the duodenum and ileum were allowed free access to one of four diets: a basal diet of oat hulls and solka floc, or the basal diet supplemented with either urea, urea plus casein or urea plus formaldehyde-treated (HCHO)-casein. Mean nitrogen intake was 1.9 g N/d for the basal diet and 15.0, 32.4 and 36.9 g N/d respectively for the other diets.2. The rate of irreversible loss of ammonia from the rumen pool estimated using 15NH+4 was highest on the casein diet (33 g NH3-N/d) by comparison with 18 g NH3-N/d for the urea and HCHO-casein diets and 7 g NH3-N/d for the basal diet.3. The proportions of bacterial and protozoal N in the rumen derived from rumen ammonia did not differ significantly between the supplemented diets and were 0.66 and 0.52 respectively.4. Estimation of 15N flowing to the duodenum during continuous infusions of 15NH+4 into the rumen indicated considerable ammonia absorption from the rumen on all the diets. Greatest absorption of ammonia (21 ...
Animals
Thirty Assaf male lambs (30 ± 1.9 kg of body weight) were allocated to three groups fed diets differing in their crude protein (CP) contents (low protein (LP), 134 g CP/kg dry matter (DM); medium protein (MP), 157 g CP/kg DM; and high protein (HP), 173 g CP/kg DM) to test the effect of dietary protein content on animal performance, rumen function, animal health, and carcass and meat quality. Feed intake was recorded daily, and animals were weighed every second week. Lambs were blood-sampled to determine their acid–base status and biochemical profile. After 70 days of trial, lambs were slaughtered, and the ruminal content was collected to assess ruminal fermentation. Finally, carcass and meat quality were evaluated. Dry matter intake and average daily gain increased (p < 0.05) when increasing the level of dietary CP. There were not significant differences (p > 0.05) in the evaluated parameters in the rumen fluid of lambs. There were not significant differences in carcass or mea...
2021
Background The aim of this study is a comparison between some different protein sources in sheep rations to identify the best protein source that achieves the highest production performance and the lowest economical feed efficiency. Twenty Farafra male lambs weighed on average 41.39 ± 1.66 kg were divided randomly into four similar groups of 5 animals each. All groups were fed on concentrate feed mixture (CFM) at 3% of their body weight, and wheat straw fed ad lib. to replace 100% of the soybean meal (SBM) as a source of protein, black cumin seed meal (BCSM), cottonseed meal (CSM) and sesame seed meal (SSM) were incorporated into the CFM. The feeding trial extended for 66 days followed by digestibility and nitrogen (N) balance trials. Results The results indicated no difference in total feed intake between experimental groups. Digestibility of crude protein, ether extract and crude fiber for animals fed CSM ration was higher ( p < 0.05) than those fed the other rations. On the o...
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding dry rumen content (DRC) at different levels on nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Awassi lambs. Twelve Awassi lambs (22.27±0.25 kg body weight and 4 months old) were randomly allotted into four diets for 65 days. The DRC was included in the diets at 0 % (DRC0), 10% (DRC10), 20% (DRC20), 30% (DRC30) to replace parts of the barley grain and soybean meal in the concentrate diet. On the day 60 of the experimental period, all lambs were fitted with fecal collection bags to evaluate the nutrient digestibility. Intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and Metabolizable energy (ME) were not affected (P>0.05) in lambs fed DRC10 and DRC20 diets compared to those fed DRC0 (control) diet but decreased (P<0.05) in lambs fed DRC30 diet. Intake of CP (g/day) was higher (P<0.05) in lambs fed DRC10 and DRC20 diet than those fed DRC30 diet, but not significant difference (P>0.05) than those fed control one (DRC0) while, intake of CP (g/kg W0.75) did not differ (P>0.05) among diets. Intakes of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were highest (P<0.01) for lambs fed the DRC30 diet followed by the DRC20 and DRC10 than those fed DRC0. No significant different in DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF digestibility. Total gain and average daily gain (ADG) in lambs fed DRC10 and DRC 20 diets were not significant (P>0.05) different as compared with lambs fed DRC0 (control) diet but they were decreased (P<0.05) when lambs fed DRC30 diet. Lambs fedDRC10 diet was higher(P<0.05) in feed efficiency than those fed DRC30, but no significant (P>0.05) difference than those fed DRC0 and DRC20 diets. It could be concluded that feeding Awassi lambs diets containing DRC up to 10% improved growth performance without any adverse effect on nutrient digestibility or animal health.
Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 2012
Twenty four Awassi lambs were used to study rumen fermentation characteristics as affected by feeding diets containing different levels of dietary crude protein (CP) formulated with high and low rumen degradable to undegradable dietary nitrogen (RDN:UDN). Rumen liquids were withdrawn before feeding (0 time), 3 and 6 hrs post feeding, Results revealed that higher ruminal pH and TVFA concentration (P<0.05) were observed in rumen liquid withdrawn from group of lambs fed the higher level of CP. higher (P<0.01) ruminal NH 3-N concentration was accompanied with each increase in level of dietary CP. Results also revealed that the molar proportion of both acetic and butyric acids were not affected by increasing level of CP while higher (P<0.05) propionic acid was observed with medium level, resulted in decreased (P<0.05) acetic: propionic ratio. Results also showed that higher (P<0.01) ruminal pH and NH3-N were detected in samples withdrawn from lambs fed diets formulated with high RDN: UDN ratio, other rumen fermentation parameters were not significantly affected by RDN: UDN ratio, however, mathematically lower acetic: propionic ratio was observed in samples withdrawn from lambs fed diets formulated with low RDN:UDN ratio. Significant effects for interaction between level of dietary CP and RDN:UDN ratio on some rumen fermentation characteristics were also noticed. Keyword: Baker,s yeast, level of protein, lambs, rumen fermentation Introduction Ruminants diets must be formulated properly for protein (CP) and energy because these two nutrients have a substantial impact on production (Weiss, 2002). Ali, et. al., (2009) reported that CP requirements are twofold; to support the anaerobic condition in the rumen and to meet the animal needs. However, because of ruminal anaerobic fermentation, a portion of dietary CP is degraded in the rumen and the rest escape from ruminal degradation. Hassan (2009) reported that rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN) should be optimized to provide N required by rumen microbes and maintain moderate rumen pH through avoiding accumulation of ruminal ammonia (NH 3-N), and thus, preventing N waste. Currently, degradability characteristic of feedstuffs have been used for synchronization of energy and protein in the rumen (Pathak, 2006). Hassan and Muhammad, (2007) reported that preventing excess degradation of dietary protein helps providing higher levels of amino acids reaching the duodenum and thus participating in meeting the requirement of the host animal. The objective of this study is to investigate how changes in formulation of diets with respect to level of CP and RDN: UDN ratio on rumen fermentation.
Twenty four individual Awassi lambs (weighing 26.5 kg ± 1.1 and 5 months) were used to study biochemical changes in rumen parameters as affected by feeding diets containing different levels of dietary crude protein (low, medium and high-CP) formulated with high and low rumen degradable to undegradable dietary nitrogen ratios(RDN:UDN). Blood samples were withdrawn from lambs before feeding (0 times), 3 and 6 hrs post feeding. Results revealed that blood glucose concentration (BG) and blood total protein (BTP) were significantly increased (P<0.05) due to feeding low RDN:UDN ratio but not due to increasing level of dietary protein. However, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was significantly increased (P<0.01) due to both factors. Result of interaction showed that better blood parameters were detected in blood samples withdrawn from lambs fed low RDN: UDN ratio. Higher BG concentrations were detected when low and medium levels of CP. Higher BTP concentrations were detected when medium and high levels of CP were offered with this ratio. In conclusion high and low ratios of RDN:UDN improved the utilization of medium level of dietary protein in comparison to high level as evidenced by blood urea nitrogen concentrations.
Agriculture
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of decreasing concentrations of dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) at high rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on performance, digestibility, chewing activity, blood attributes, and carcass characteristics in 32 weaned male Afshari lambs (90 days of age; 26 kg initial body weight; BW). Dietary metabolic energy (ME) was increased from 10.6–11.5 and 11.8 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) by replacing alfalfa hay with grain to achieve NDF concentrations of 270, 245, and 220 g/kg DM, respectively, at 66.6 g/kg DM of RUP. The control (CON) diet contained 10.9 MJ/kg ME, 270 g/kg NDF and 59.6 g/kg RUP on DM basis. Rations containedsimilar concentrations of crude protein (CP, 160 g/kg DM). Lambs were slaughtered after a 56-d feeding period. The increase in dietary RUP had no effect on BW and average daily gain (ADG) but tended to decrease apparent digestibility of CP and DM, significantlydecreasedplasma urea concentration, and increased carcass CP cont...
Livestock Science, 2015
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing two levels of crude protein (CP) and concentrates on the intake, total nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance (NB), microbial efficiency, and performance of lambs. The diets consisted of 10% or 14.25% CP and 40% or 60% concentrate, with corn silage as the forage. In the digestibility assay, four intact male F1 Santa Ines  Texel lambs, with an average body weight of 21.0 7 2.48 kg and rumen-cannulated, were used. The lambs were distributed in a 4  4 Latin square design with four treatments and four periods. There was no effect of the CP  concentrate interaction on the variables that were studied. There was an effect of CP levels on the intake and digestibility of CP, as well as on the amounts of N that were ingested, absorbed, and retained from urine (NB). There was also an effect of CP levels on uric acid excretion. In the performance assay, 32 intact F1 Santa Ines  Texel lambs with an average body weight of 19.0 7 2.02 kg were used. They were distributed in a 2  2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized block design with eight replicates. There was a significant interaction between CP and concentrate levels on the ether extract (EE) intake. The CP level affected the intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (apNDF), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and rumen-degraded protein (RDP), as well as the carcass gain (CG) and the feed conversion (FC). Concentrate levels affected the intake of DM, OM, CP, NFC, TDN, and RDP, as well as the CG, the CG/average daily gain (ADG), and the FC. It was concluded that levels of CP and concentrate do not affect microbial efficiency or nutrient digestibility, except for CP digestibility. A high level of CP or concentrate in the diet results in greater nutrient intake and better animal performance.
The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural science, 2021
Twenty one Awassi lambs (4 month old and 23.59 ± 031 kg body weight) were used to investigate the effect of different levels of protein on growth, carcass traits, body composition, digestibility and some blood parameters. The lambs were divided equally and randomly and penned individually into three treatment groups, and fed ad lib on low protein (129.1 T 1) medium protein (140.6 T 2) and high protein (151.1 T 3 , g/kg DM). After 72 days of fattening, 5 lambs from each treatment were chosen randomly and slaughtered. The result showed that lambs fed on T 3 diet had significantly (P<0.05) higher daily gain (210.83 g), better feed efficiency (4.8 kg/kg), higher dressing percentage (51.67 %), and rib eye area muscle (12.05 cm 2) than those fed in T 2 and T 3 , as well as digestibility coefficient of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and total digestible nutrient (TDN) was also numerically higher in group fed (151.1 g/kg DM) as compared with lambs received low or medium level of protein. It could be concluded that the high dietary protein level produce the better performance, carcass traits and nutrient digestion of lambs.
Effect of Protein Levels and Degradability in The Ration on Awassi Lambs Performance
Forty eight individually fed Awassi male lambs weighing 26.5 kg ± 1.1 and 5 months of old were used to investigate their responses to feeding concentrate diets containing three levels of dietary crude protein (CP, 11.5, 13.5 and 15.5%). Each level was formulated with high and low rumen degradable N (RDN) to undegradable dietary N (UDN) ratios. Concentrates were offered once a day at rate of 3% of live body weight with free choice of barley straw. Results revealed that neither straw nutrient intakes, nor the total intake were significantly affected by increasing levels of dietary CP or RDN: UDN ratios, However, total nitrogen (N) intake was increased significantly (P<0.01). Better intakes of digestible dry matter (DDM) and organic matter (OM) were achieved (P<0.05) by lambs fed the medium level of dietary CP. Body weight gain was not significantly affected by RDN:UDN ratio, However, lambs fed medium and high levels gained higher (P<0.05) than those fed the low level of dietary CP. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) based on DM and OM intakes was not significantly affected by level of dietary CP or RDN:UDN ratio, Even though, less amount of N required per unit of gain was achieved with low and medium as compared to high levels. Higher DM, nitrogen free extract (NFE) and hemicelluloses (P<0.05), OM, CP, crude fiber (CF) and cellulose (P<0.01) digestibility's were achieved by lambs fed the medium level of CP, whereas, no significant effect was observed on ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility's. Lambs fed diets formulated with low RDN: UDN ratio digested its dietary nutrients at higher rate than those fed diets formulated with the high ratio .In conclusion, effect of interaction between levels of dietary CP and RDN: UDN ratio revealed that productive parameters of lambs fed diets containing medium level of CP and formulated with low RDN: UDN ratio was somewhat tended be better.