530. The influence of age on the response of major depression to electroconvulsive therapy (original) (raw)
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Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2007
This study compares the family functioning of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The study participants, who were all female, consisted of 15 patients with AN, 13 with BN, and 17 with OCD. Family functioning was assessed by using the Family Assessment Device self-rating scale. The study subjects also completed the Eating Attitudes Test. Subjects in the AN and BN groups did not differ statistically either from each other or from the OCD group in all 7 Family Assessment Device subscales. Patients with an eating disorder and OCD rated their family functioning in a similar way. It is difficult to conclude that patients with AN or BN have a specific type of family functioning, which is totally different from the family functioning of patients with OCD. Thus, the study results further support the idea that family interaction in eating disorders is not specific to these disorders, especially when compared with patients with OCD.
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1999
This study investigated the relationship between the perception of family functioning and depressive symptomatology in individuals with eating disorders (EDs). Subjects were evaluated by diagnostic clinical interview using DSM-III-R criteria for EDs, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version (SADS-L), and two self-report measures, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Family Assessment Device (FAD). A significant association was found between self-reported depressive symptomatology and perceived poor family functioning. Subjects with bulimia nervosa (BN) reported a significantly more dysfunctional family background than subjects with anorexia nervosa (AN). In our sample, the presence of self-reported depressive symptomatology was a more powerful predictive variable for perceived family dysfunction than the diagnosis of affective disorder. Also, the diagnosis of BN was a more consistent predictor of dysfunctional family interaction than the diagnosis of affective disorder. Depressive symptoms and EDs seem to play different roles in the way in which they contribute to dysfunctional family patterns.
Follow-up investigation of family relations in patients with anorexia nervosa
1996
In a group of 22 formerly anorectic inpatients (follow-up 3.8 years after treatment) and in a control group of 24 paralleled young women, the subjective perception of the family structure was assessed using the "Subjective Family Image (SFI)', in order to investigate the question whether the family structure of former anorectics differs from the controls and whether individual development of the former inpatients is associated with the experienced family structure. Empirical results are in favor of the following two hypotheses: 1) Compared to the control group, formerly anorectic inpatients experience family relationships as more corn-plicated and less satisfying. The quality of family relationships in the patient group is reduced, even at the time of follow-up. 2) Individual outcome (individual course of the illness) and quality of family relationships at time of follow-up are associated. Patients with a good outcome experience family relationships as more positive than patients with a poor outcome. The accordance of these findings to other empirical results and their implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Validation of criteria for major depression through controlled family study
Journal of Affective Disorders, 1986
As compared with depressed relatives of normals, depressed relatives of affective patients are more likely to have severe impairment or incapacitation in their major life role when depressed, and more likely to suffer multiple episodes. These findings suggest that among major depressions, these clinical criteria may usefully identify cases with a familial, possibly genetic, vulnerability.
Psychiatria polska
The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and girls' assessment of their family relations in a group of (female) patients with a diagnosis of various subtypes of eating disorders in comparison with (female) patients with a diagnosis of depressive disorders (episode of major depression, dysthymia, adjustment reaction with depressive mood) and female students in Krakow, Poland schools. Data from 54 (female) patients with a diagnosis of restrictive anorexia (ANR), 22 with a diagnosis of binge-purge anorexia (ANB), 36 with a diagnosis of bulimia (BUL), 36 with a diagnosis of depressive disorders (DEP) and a 85 (female) Krakow school students (CON) were used in the statistical analyses. There were no significant differences between age of the girls in studied groups. In analyses, results of the Polish version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and also the Family Assessment Questionnaire (KOR) were used. In the CON group, correlations attesti...
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 2002
Objective: To investigate parent and self-report of family dysfunction in children and adolescents with eating disorders. Further, to investigate family functioning differences across the eating disorders diagnostic groups; anorexia nervosa, eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and bulimia nervosa, and between the restricting and binge-purge eating disorders behavioural subtypes. Methods: The Family Adjustment Device General Functioning Scale (FAD-GFS) was administered to 100 children and their parents who presented consecutively at an eating disorders assessment clinic. DSM-IV eating disorders diagnoses in this group included 42 children diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, 26 with EDNOS, 12 with bulimia nervosa and 20 diagnosed as having no eating disorder. Results: Both the parent and child FAD-GFS report demonstrated high internal consistency supporting the suitability of this instrument for research with this sample. Parent and child reports were moderately positively correlated. Total scores for all eating disorders diagnostic categories were significantly higher than community norms. Anorexia nervosa, EDNOS and bulimia nervosa groups did not significantly differ on parent or child reports. FAD-GFS profiles for restricters and binge-purgers suggest higher levels of family dysfunction in the families of binge purgers. Conclusions: The FAD-GFS has suitable psychometric properties for use as a summary instrument with young people diagnosed with an eating disorder. However, more informative instruments assaying a greater range of constructs, especially in the impulsive, dyscontrol domain, are required to investigate differences among eating disorders diagnostic groups and behavioural subtypes. Research has increased our understanding of the clinical epidemiology of eating disorders including their prevalence in adolescents [1] and the longitudinal course of such disorders [2]. There has also been recent evidence of decreasing mortality among sufferers [3], although standardized mortality rates remain unacceptably high [4]. Research into the aetiology of eating disorders has emphasized multifactorial causation with family functioning playing an important role [5,6]. Family therapists emphasize dynamic issues including family enmeshment [7] and difficulty in separating from the parent [8] and hypothesize that the patient's symptoms are expressions of underlying, largely unspoken family conflict. Family factors may also maintain the illness through inconsistent
Mood and anxiety disorders in relatives of anorexia nervosa patients: A review
L Encéphale
In the literature, no review concerning the family comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders of anorexic subjects exists. However, this data can be important for the comprehension of this disorder and for the assumption of responsibility. We conducted a critical literature review on studies assessing the prevalence of anxiety disorders (AD) and mood disorders in relatives of anorexia nervosa (AN) subjects. In the first part, we discuss methodological issues relevant to these comorbidity studies. In the second part, taking into account the methodological considerations raised, we summarise the findings of these studies. We performed a manual and computerised search (Medline) for all published studies on the frequency of MD and AD in AN relatives and MD or AD, limiting our search to the 1980-2002 period, in order to get sufficiently homogeneous diagnostic criteria for both categories of disorders (most often RDC, DSM III, DSM III-R, or DSM IV criteria). We review methodological issues regarding population sources, general methodological procedures, diagnostic criteria for AN, MD and AD, diagnostic instruments, age of subjects and course of the eating disorder. We discuss the results taking into account the methodological problems observed. We give implications for reviewing the results of published studies and planning future research.
Individual and Family Dysfunction in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia
This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author.
Family functioning in anxiety and eating disorders— A comparative study
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1996
This study examines ratings of family functioning in families of origin and current (marital) families by patients with anxiety disorders (ADs) and compares them with known population means and with similar ratings by patients with eating disorders. Subjects were drawn from the Anxiety Disorders and Eating Disorders clinics of The Toronto Hospital, each group consisting of a consecutive sample. Family functioning was assessed using the general and self-rating scales of the Family Assessment Measure (FAM). Patients with ADs rated their families of origin less favorably than established population norms (general and selfrating scales, P < .001). Ratings by patients with ADs did not differ from comparable ratings by patients with eating disorders. AD patients' less favorable ratings of family of origin suggest a perception of significant family dysfunction. However, the similarity in ratings between AD and bulimia nervosa (BN) subjects suggests that this is unlikely to be specific to having an AD.