Torque sensing using amorphous magnetostrictive wires (original) (raw)
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This paper presents the performance analysis of magnetostrictive amorphous wire in motor speed measurement. The principle of the operation of the sensor is based on Large Barkhausen Jump (LBJ), a unique feature of the wire. A dc motor is used due to the linear relationship between applied voltage and speed. The supply voltage of the dc motor is varied and motor speed measured. The frequency of the signal obtained from the magnetostrictive amorphous wire sensor is measured using an oscilloscope and the motor speed calculated from this frequency. Results obtained from amorphous wire sensor show quite good agreement with that of the digital tachometer.
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The current sensor presented in the paper is built around a relatively new category of materials expressed by magnetic amorphous wires. Its operating principle is based on the Matteucci effect occurring in amorphous wires showing high level of magnetostriction. The wire is wound around the conductor through which the current to be measured flows. Under certain conditions, at the ends of the wire sharp voltage pulses appear whose amplitude depends on the intensity of the circumferential magnetic field generated on the conductor surface and, implicitly, on the current intensity.
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A model to describe the influence of torsional stress on nonlinear magnetoimpedance in amorphous wires with negative magnetostriction is proposed. The nonlinear voltage response is found in the framework of the low-frequency approximation taking into account the spatial distribution of the circular magnetic field and the magnetoelastic anisotropy induced by the torsional stress. It is demonstrated that the application of torsional stress results in an increase of the second harmonic amplitude in voltage due to a reinforcement of helical anisotropy in the wire. The second harmonic amplitude is analyzed as a function of external field, torsional stress and current amplitude. The ranges of torsional stress and current amplitude to achieve maximal field sensitivity of the second harmonic are found.
Torque sensors using wire explosion magnetostrictive alloy layers
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1986
T h e wire expimion spraying technique was applied to prepare magnetostrictive layers with strong adhesion to substrates. It has been shown that the Ni, Fe-Ni and Fe-Go-Ni layers sprayed in the form of chevron on stainlew steel shafts are applicable to constitute torque sensors shQwing very linear output-torque characteristics with almost zero hysteresis in combination with a two-core type rnultivibrator bridge circuit.
Dynamic magnetization processes in magnetostrictive amorphous wires
Journal of Applied Physics, 2006
We have performed the theoretical studies on the longitudinal dynamic magnetization process of magnetostrictive amorphous wires characterized by a large single Barkhausen jump ͑magnetic bistability͒ based on our previous experimental measurements on these wires. The domain structures of these wire samples consist of a single domain inner core with axial magnetization surrounded by the outer domain shell with the magnetization oriented perpendicular ͑ s Ͼ 0͒ or circular ͑ s Ͻ 0͒ to the wire axis. In the present work we use the resultant magnetization vector M ជ tilting angle to z axis to describe the sample's domain structures. In terms of solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation followed by M ជ the analytical solution of the dimensionless axial component of the magnetization m z = M Z / M s has been obtained, and m z ͓t͑H 0 , f e ͒ , , ␥͔ is a function of the field amplitude H 0 , field frequency f e , and the samples' material parameters such as the damping constant and the gyromagnetic ratio ␥. The function m z ͓t͑H 0 , f e ͒ , , ␥͔ allows us to study the dynamic properties of the magnetization process of a wire sample. It has been found that the switching time t s , the switching field H sw , and the dynamic coercive field H dc depend on a magnetic field and material parameters. We found that the parameter ␣ = ␥ / ͑1+ 2 ͒ related to the rate of M ជ , rotating the direction of the effective field, plays an important role in the magnetization process. By fitting the experimental data to the theoretical magnetization curve the value of the damping constant of the magnetostrictive amorphous wires can be estimated.
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2002
New sensitive, quick response and low power consumption micro-magnetic sensors named the magnetoimpedance (MI) sensor utilizing the MI effect in zero-magnetostrictive amorphous wires and the stress impedance (SI) sensor utilizing the SI effect in negative-magnetostrictive amorphous wires are presented. The field detection resolution of the CMOS IC type MI sensor is about 1 mOe for AC fields and 100 mOe for a DC field with the full scale of 73 Oe using a 2 mm long sensor head; the possible response speed is about 1 MHz, and the power consumption is about 10 mW. The high density fabricated MI sensor has just been developed by the Aichi Steel Co. for mass production. The stress detection resolution of the SI sensor is about 0.1 Gal in acceleration sensing which is suitable for detection of microdisplacement in the medical field. More than 100 themes are proposed for application of MI and SI sensors. r
Development of high Sensitivity Materials for Applications in Magneto-Mechanical Torque Sensor
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Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Scope of work Chapter 2. Theory of Elasticity 2.1 Load, direct stress and direct strain 2.2 Elastic materials, modulus of elasticity and Hooke's law 2.3 Shear stress, shear strain and modulus of rigidity 2.4 Principal stress and principal axes 2.5 Stress strain relationship 2.6 Simple torsion theory Chapter 3. Elements of Magnetism 3.1 Origin of magnetism 3.2 Magnetic field H, magnetization M, magnetic induction B and demagnetization factor Nd 3.3 Maxwell's equations of the electromagnetic field Chapter 4. Magnetic Anisotropy and Magnetostriction 4.1 Anisotropy in cubic crystals.