Genome-wide survey and expression profiling of heat shock proteins and heat shock factors revealed overlapped and stress specific response under abiotic stresses in rice (original) (raw)
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Scientific Reports, 2016
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) perform significant roles in conferring abiotic stress tolerance to crop plants. In view of this, HSPs and their encoding genes were extensively characterized in several plant species; however, understanding their structure, organization, evolution and expression profiling in a naturally stress tolerant crop is necessary to delineate their precise roles in stress-responsive molecular machinery. In this context, the present study has been performed in C 4 panicoid model, foxtail millet, which resulted in identification of 20, 9, 27, 20 and 37 genes belonging to SiHSP100, SiHSP90, SiHSP70, SiHSP60 and SisHSP families, respectively. Comprehensive in silico characterization of these genes followed by their expression profiling in response to dehydration, heat, salinity and cold stresses in foxtail millet cultivars contrastingly differing in stress tolerance revealed significant upregulation of several genes in tolerant cultivar. SisHSP-27 showed substantial higher expression in response to heat stress in tolerant cultivar, and its over-expression in yeast system conferred tolerance to several abiotic stresses. Methylation analysis of SiHSP genes suggested that, in susceptible cultivar, higher levels of methylation might be the reason for reduced expression of these genes during stress. Altogether, the study provides novel clues on the role of HSPs in conferring stress tolerance. Plants in the environment are exposed to several abiotic and biotic stresses which pose serious threat to their survival and productivity; however, plants are evolved with sophisticated molecular machinery to sense and circumvent the stresses. In response to abiotic stresses, plants produce several biomolecules called molecular chaperones, which function in protecting the cells from the adverse impact of stresses. A class of such molecular chaperones are called heat shock proteins (HSP), which are synthesized in response to several stresses including low temperature, osmotic, salinity, oxidative, desiccation, high intensity irradiations, wounding, and heavy metals stresses 1-3. The role of HSPs during stress and unstressed conditions is regulation of protein folding and accumulation along with their localization and degradation 4-7. Nevertheless, the precise role of HSPs in regulating the molecular mechanisms responsible for normal growth and development, and stress response remains elusive 1. In plants, HSPs are classified into five principal classes, namely, HSP100, HSP90, HSP70/DnaK, HSP60/GroE and small heat shock proteins (sHSP) based on their molecular weight 8. In order to delineate the molecular roles of these HSPs, several studies on identification and characterization of HSPs and their corresponding genes were performed in plant species such as Arabidopsis, tomato and rice 6,9-11. In rice, 10, 9, 26 and 29 HSPs were identified belonging to HSP100, HSP90, HSP70, and sHSPs, respectively. Expression profiling of these HSP encoding genes in response to heat, cold, drought and salt stresses showed their differential expression with significant upregulation of sHSP genes during heat stress 6. Identification and expression profiling of sHSP genes in barley during drought stress was reported by Reddy et al. 12. The study identified 20 sHSPs, which are shown to be differentially regulated in response to drought stress. A candidate sHSP protein, Hsp17.5-CI was expressed in E. coli, which
Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2018
The roles of three different classes of HSP genes were investigated over control and salt stress conditions. Methodologically, the endogenous HSP genes of N. benthamiana transiently silenced by corresponding heterologous sequences isolated from Capparis spinosa L. using a virus system of gene silencing. Silencing of HSP70, compared to other two HSPs, resulted in stronger negative effects on growth and physiological parameters especially under salinity conditions. Loss of function of molecular chaperones following gene silencing might be partially compensated with a higher accumulation of proline to protect membranes and proteins from stress-related damages. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have vital roles during plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as stress-free conditions. In the present study, we used a heterologous strategy of virus induced gene silencing to investigate the role of different classes of HSPs in Nicotiana benthamiana. Different growth and physiological parameters in silenced plants were evaluated under both control and salt stress conditions. Among the treatments, silencing of HSP70, especially under salinity regime, was found to have stronger impacts on growth, protein concentration, the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments, proline and total soluble carbohydrates content, malondialdehyde, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, performance index, relative water content and the ratio of K + /Na + , suggesting a more prominent role for HSP70 in both stressful and stress-free life cycle of the plants. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering indicated that HSP70 gene was silenced, the plants might effectively respond to stress by a higher accumulation of compatible solutes, like proline to protect the cell membranes and proteins from damage.
Pakistan Journal of Botany
Abiotic stresses are the key hazard limitation to plant development and sustainable agriculture throughout the world. The investigation of stress tolerant genes by genome scale transcriptome analysis will provide opportunities for the development of stress tolerant crop varieties. Here, we report a potential stress tolerance gene HSP17.6B (AT2G29500) in Arabidopsis thaliana that can confer tolerance to Arabidopsis plants upon overexpression. HSP17.6B overexpression resulted in higher root elongation, increased plants survival rate, reduced electrolyte leakage and retention of chlorophyll contents under heat stress condition in comparison to wild-type plants. Overall, we showed AtHSP17.6B as a potential heat stress tolerance candidate in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2011
Arabidopsis DREB2A is a key transcription factor of heat-and drought-responsive gene expression, and DREB2A expression is induced by these stresses. We analyzed the DREB2A promoter and found a heat shock element that functions as a cis-acting element in the heat shock (HS)-responsive expression of DREB2A. Among the 21 Arabidopsis heat shock factors, we chose 4 HsfA1-type proteins as candidate transcriptional activators (HsfA1a, HsfA1b, HsfA1d, and HsfA1e) based on transactivation activity and expression patterns. We generated multiple mutants and found that the HS-responsive expression of DREB2A disappeared in hsfa1a/b/d triple and hsfa1a/b/d/e quadruple mutants. Moreover, HS-responsive gene expression, including that of molecular chaperones and transcription factors, was globally and drastically impaired in the hsfa1a/b/d triple mutant, which exhibited greatly reduced tolerance to HS stress. HsfA1 protein accumulation in the nucleus was negatively regulated by their interactions with HSP90, and other factors potentially strongly activate the HsfA1 proteins under HS stress. The hsfa1a/b/d/e quadruple mutant showed severe growth retardation, and many genes were downregulated in this mutant even under nonstress conditions. Our study indicates that HsfA1a, HsfA1b, and HsfA1d function as main positive regulators in HSresponsive gene expression and four HsfA1-type proteins are important in gene expression for normal plant growth.
Diversity of plant heat shock factors: regulation, interactions, and functions
Journal of Experimental Botany
Plants heat shock factors (HSFs) are encoded by large gene families with variable structure, expression, and function. HSFs are components of complex signaling systems that control responses not only to high temperatures but also to a number of abiotic stresses such as cold, drought, hypoxic conditions, soil salinity, toxic minerals, strong irradiation, and to pathogen threats. Here we provide an overview of the diverse world of plant HSFs through compilation and analysis of their functional versatility, diverse regulation, and interactions. Bioinformatic data on gene expression profiles of Arabidopsis HSF genes were re-analyzed to reveal their characteristic transcript patterns. While HSFs are regulated primarily at the transcript level, alternative splicing and post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and sumoylation provides further variability. Plant HSFs are involved in an intricate web of protein–protein interactions which adds considerable complexity to their ...
Genome-wide analysis of heat shock transcription factor families in rice and Arabidopsis
Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 2008
Plant heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) play a significant role in adoption under abiotic stress conditions by modulating the expression of several stress-responsive genes. Analysis of the Hsf gene family will serve to understand the molecular mechanism which is involved in response to abiotic stress. The Ziziphus species grows in warm and dry regions and is inherently tolerant to abiotic stress conditions; thus, Ziziphus is a highly enriched source of genes conferring abiotic stress tolerance. Therefore, the present study provides a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the Hsf gene family in Z. jujuba. Identified 21 non-redundant Hsf genes were grouped into three major classes (classes A, B, and C) based on the phylogenetic analysis. Promoter and gene ontology analysis suggested that ZjHsfs perform diverse functions in response to abiotic stress conditions. Two paralogous pairs resulting from tandem gene duplication events were identified. Also, physio-chemical properties of chromosomal locations, gene structure, motifs, and protein domain organization of Hsfs were analyzed. Real-time PCR expression analyses revealed that most of the Z. jujuba Hsf genes are differentially expressed in response to heat stress. The analysis suggested ZjHsf-2, ZjHsf-3, ZjHsf-5, ZjHsf-7, ZjHsf-8, ZjHsf-10, ZjHsf-12, ZjHsf-17, and ZjHsf-18 were the outstanding candidate genes for imparting heat stress tolerance and for future functional analysis. The present analysis laid the foundation for understanding the molecular mechanism of the Hsf gene family regulating Z. jujuba development and tolerance to abiotic stress conditions.
Variability of plant heat shock factors: regulation, interactions and functions
2020
In plants Heat Shock Factors (HSFs) are encoded by large gene families and are primary regulators of responses not only to high temperatures but also to a number of other abiotic stresses and pathogen threats. Here we provide an overview of the diverse world of the plant HSFs through analysis of their functional versatility, regulation and interactions. HSFs can regulate tolerance to a number of extreme conditions including high or low temperatures, drought, hypoxic conditions, soil salinity, toxic minerals, strong irradiation or pathogen defenses. Variability is reflected in expression control with considerable differences in transcript profiles of individual HSF genes. Moreover, alternative splicing and posttranslational modifications provides further variability. HSFs are involved in complex web of protein-protein interactions which include formation of homomeric and heteromeric HSF trimers, and complexes with a number of other regulatory proteins including transcription regulators, chromatin-associated proteins or heat shock proteins (HSPs). Interactions of the Arabidopsis HSFA4A with proteins which control transcription, cellular homeostasis, responses to different stresses and programmed cell death, illustrate the complexity of the regulatory networks related to a plant HSF. Diversity in plant HSFs facilitates the adaptation to multiple adverse environmental conditions, an important feature in response to climate change.
Journal of Bioresource Management, 2021
Heat shock proteins assist in folding proteins that is a basic cellular constituent responsible for various crucial functions including protein assembly, transportation, folding in normal conditions and denaturation of proteins in stress and in other cellular function. Abiotic factors like increased temperature, drought and salinity negatively affect reproduction and survival of plants. Plants (HSPs), as chaperones, have crucial part in conversing biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Plants react towards critical changes through biochemical, growth, and physiological mechanisms included expression of stress-reactive proteins, which are regulated by interconnected signaling cascades of transcription factors including heat stress TFs.