Impact of physical geographical factors on sustainable planning of South Baltic seaside resorts (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of the Recreational Landscape Potential of the South-Eastern Baltic Sea Seaside Resorts
Ecology & Safety, 2019
Based on the meaning of two separate terms, the recreational landscape is defined as the territorial combination of the natural and anthropogenic components of the earth’s surface connected with material, energy, and information, resulting in the recovery of physical and spiritual forces. In the article there are analysing the changes in the recreational landscape of the seaside resorts of the SouthEast Baltic Sea after 1990 and the recreational potential. After 1990, when Lithuania and Latvia restored independence and Russia’s Kaliningrad Oblast left isolated, the formation of resorts has lost consistency and became fragmented compared to methodological work carried out during the Soviet period. The systematic formation of seaside resorts was hampered by unjustified privatization of state property. The land is usually been returned to former owners without taking into account the long-term planning processes, and therefore the quality of the landscape is affected. In the context of...
The Baltic Sea is a dynamic economic region where the competition between various uses of the sea (e.g. recreation and tourism, shipping, fishing, wind farms, extraction of mineral resources) is constantly increasing due to the limited marine area. In addition, the sensitive ecosystem of the Baltic Sea and the potential strong impact of climate changes call for an approach that would also ensure the sustainable development of the coastal marine areas in the future. The main objective of spatial planning of marine areas is to balance various interests. Well-advised spatial planning of marine areas enables to create useful synergies in addition to avoiding conflicts and thereby serve as basis for sustainable development of marine areas by taking into account the characteristics of single marine areas or sub-areas. Marine spatial planning is a practical way to make the use of marine areas more rational, to balance the conflict between social, economic activities and the protection of the ecosystem of the sea and to put social and economic objectives into practice in an open and planned manner. An important result of maritime planning is avoidance/minimisation of conflicts between the activities carried out and planned at sea as well as conflicts between the use of the sea and nature. In the current study, we demonstrate how maritime spatial planning enables to balance interests of different economic sectors together with nature conservation in a limited coastal area with high recreational potential in the NE Baltic Sea. Tools and methods developed within the pilot project in the Pärnu Bay area give a good basis for wider implementation of Sustainable Development and Planning VI 393
Sustainable Development and Planning VI, 2013
The Baltic Sea is a dynamic economic region where the competition between various uses of the sea (e.g. recreation and tourism, shipping, fishing, wind farms, extraction of mineral resources) is constantly increasing due to the limited marine area. In addition, the sensitive ecosystem of the Baltic Sea and the potential strong impact of climate changes call for an approach that would also ensure the sustainable development of the coastal marine areas in the future. The main objective of spatial planning of marine areas is to balance various interests. Well-advised spatial planning of marine areas enables to create useful synergies in addition to avoiding conflicts and thereby serve as basis for sustainable development of marine areas by taking into account the characteristics of single marine areas or sub-areas. Marine spatial planning is a practical way to make the use of marine areas more rational, to balance the conflict between social, economic activities and the protection of the ecosystem of the sea and to put social and economic objectives into practice in an open and planned manner. An important result of maritime planning is avoidance/minimisation of conflicts between the activities carried out and planned at sea as well as conflicts between the use of the sea and nature. In the current study, we demonstrate how maritime spatial planning enables to balance interests of different economic sectors together with nature conservation in a limited coastal area with high recreational potential in the NE Baltic Sea. Tools and methods developed within the pilot project in the Pärnu Bay area give a good basis for wider implementation of Sustainable Development and Planning VI 393
Architecture and Urban Planning
The goal is to analyze the tendencies of the formation of recreational landscape of the Palanga resort and, after reviewing the planning experiences of other south-eastern Baltic resorts, present measures for landscape optimization. To achieve this, an analysis of changes of the seaside recreational landscape after 1990, the current state of resorts, scientific literature, and seaside resort planning was conducted. After assessing the changes in the recreational landscape, it has been noticed that for a quarter of the last century, planning of seaside resorts was aimed at attracting and accommodating an increasing number of holidaymakers, which caused an ever increasing need to intensify the construction in the territories, increasing the scale of buildings, and urbanizing natural territories without taking into consideration the existing natural and cultural environment. Natural, anthropogenic and social factors are affecting the recreational landscape of seaside resorts, which are...
The handbook of environmental chemistry, 2017
The aim of this chapter is to study the trend of alteration of the beach area of the marine coast of the Kaliningrad Oblast (region) in 1995-2015 as a limiting factor for sustainable development of tourism in the region. Both Russian and foreign approaches to defining the notion of "area carrying capacity" were studied. The historical perspective of shore protection attitude was investigated. The paper focuses on natural factors of development of the Kaliningrad Oblast. The recommendations for federal and regional authorities for sustainable tourism are developed. The Kaliningrad Oblast possesses lengthy sand beaches with different capacities. However, if the current trend of destruction of the waterfront continues, the most popular resort areas will be limited in their development by the natural carrying capacity of the territory. The development of the Kaliningrad Oblast as a tourism centre should include a programme for conducting sand-entrapping and shore protection works.
Current development of tourism and recreation on Baltic Sea coasts: new directions and perspectives
6 International Tourism Congress 'The Image and Sustainability of Tourist Destinations', 2013
Research work analyzes current situation and development of tourism in the region of Baltic Sea. Specific case study of this paper is Pärnu Bay, Estonia. This region is known for unique environmental settings: mild maritime climate, broad beaches, coniferous pine forests on the coastal zone and high esthetic value of the surrounding landscapes. However, after the end of USSR, Estonia survived a difficult period of restructuring of economic and social system. This affected touristic cluster, rapidly developing in new directions. Soviet touristic areas became abandoned and reconstructed , new hotels are being actively created, intensive privatization of recreation houses is actively ongoing. Main problem in the touristic cluster in Estonia consists in its specific location on the Baltic Sea with cold climate in summer period. It causes low popularity among tourists, comparing to Mediterranean. Another problem consists in ongoing development of the country, reflected in low investments into tourism, comparing to other European countries. Therefore, the main perspective for the tourism development in Estonia includes active redirection towards eco-style sustainable tourism: camping, biking, sea side recreation, construction of summer cottages for vacations, organized tours to Natural Parks. This paper, supported by fieldwork, has analytical character reviewing current Estonian tourism dynamics. Sociopolitical effects on current tourism directions are discussed, while modern touristic system in Estonia compared to Soviet. The overview of the recreation resort places was performed in Häädemeeste municipality, Pärnu district, and resulted in series of thematic author photos. The research was performed at the University of Tartu.
Greifswalder Beiträge Sonderheft Tourism around the Baltic Sea 2 nd International Student Conference
Also in present day development of Polish coastal dunes heavy storms and human activity plays main role. Most of the Polish coastal habitats including dunes are also threatened by human activities (PIOTROWSKA 1995). Major impacts of tourism industry in coastal areas are: (i) infrastructure with hotels, transport system and garbage, (ii) recreation with human activity, and (iii) coast protection against abrasion. If coastal environment will be damaged or destroyed, tourist will not be arriving. Small value of environment is equal to smaller number of tourists and smaller incoming from tourism industry.
The problems of spatial development of Polish seaside resorts
In order to understand the transformation processes which take place in settlement units located in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea, the following should be taken into account, namely, the reasons for shaping urban space, as well as the tendencies and trends in urban spatial development. At present, the areas where the greatest transformations occur are: the city center, the industrial areas, the communication systems, the outskirts and areas of a typical, agricultural style. Services are fragmented and it is prohibited to locate modern large-sized shopping centers. At the same time, there is dynamic population growth which is connected with the formation of numerous estates of multi-family houses. Therefore, the factors which occur in one area cause changes in another. These include, among other things: migration, governance and policy carried out by district authorities, the applicable law (often diverse and contradictory), and urban planning trends and doctrines as well as other development factors. The present study is an attempt to classify and organize the factors affecting the changes in rural settlement units located in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. These factors have been divided into 4 categories: spatial factors, demographic and social factors, legal and administrative factors, as well as economic factors. Within each of these categories the factors have been further divided into endogenous and exogenous. The paper discusses the barriers which inhibit and sometimes prevent the analyzed settlement units from undergoing transformations. These include: demographic and social barriers, infrastructural barriers, natural barriers (due to the features of the natural environment), legal barriers, economic barriers, financial barriers, administrative barriers and spatial barriers.
Integrated environmental planning in European coastal regions
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In a metropolitan (urban-rural) landscape, the complexity and dynamics of societal developments no longer allow the classical role of the government and its policy instruments to be effective. The supply of blue-green quality (open space, scenery, nature, water) around residential areas, determining sustainable urban living conditions, is jeopardized by the current problems in landscape planning practice. Spatial planning needs to critically analyze the driving forces in the metropolitan landscape and why classical (rational) spatial planning is not effective anymore, in order to define new adequate ways of coordinating spatial developments. Issues that are particularly important for this analysis are the ineffective separation of rural and urban planning and of the public and private domain. The necessity, synergy and continuity with regard to the integration of these domains deserve to be submitted to thorough theoretical and practical analysis. A major research challenge is to incorporate ecological, environmental and natural values in spatial planning to fight environmental deterioration resulting from urban sprawl and related rapid developments. Once the process starts, it is rather likely that sprawl of new developments and urbanization will continue until all available space is occupied due to advantages offered by proximity and built infrastructure. These objectives are so important in European coastal regions, where land-use pressures reach highest rates (especially at the Mediterranean coast). An European project has been started to study and to contribute to a solution for land use conflicting dilemmas at the urban-rural transition zones (metropolitan landscape), in order to assure transfer of knowledge from both practice and science to converge into a coherent body of knowledge. In a nutshell the proposed research field has to explore the relations between land development i.e. building and land-use intensification with their effects on the sensitive coastal landscapes and on the other hand to explore mechanisms of incorporating natural, cultural and environmental quality values in the planning process. In addition to the locally-specific landscape transformation problems, nature-and human driven hazards, which may affect coastal systems and inner land stability of various regions in quite similar vain, will be addressed too. In this way the proposed research will pursue integrated approach to address all the above-mentioned issues.
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The paper presents the main trends in the development of seaside resorts worldwide and in Poland. Particular attention is called to the spatial aspects of this development. Based on their morphological differentiation, two forms of seaside resort in Poland can be distinguished: locations with a clearly heterogeneous spatial-functional structure, in which areas used for tourism are adjacent to others; and locations with a heterogeneous spatial-functional structure in which the tourism function is, to a certain extent, spatially isolated.