Synthesis and Impregnation of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Activated Carbon through Green Synthesis for Water Pollutant Removal (original) (raw)
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American Journal of Applied Chemistry
This investigation deals with preparation of an activated carbon in nano-scale from natural waste bio-materials of water hyacinth segments through chemical modification of water hyacinth followed by chemical and thermal activation of the material. The different parameters affecting in the chemical and thermal activation processes such as chemical types used for activation process, activation time and temperature and carbonization time and temperature for the thermal activation process were optimized to produce nano-size activated carbon. All prepared materials were evaluated as adsorbent materials for copper decontamination from industrial wastewater. The produced nano-activated carbon was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Morphological characterization (SEM), Thermal Analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The performance of the prepared nano-activated carbon was evaluated for copper ion sorption from aqueous solution using batch technique. The influence of the different parameters affecting the copper sorption process was examined. The results indicated that the prepared nano-activated carbon recorded high copper removal of 86.12% within 4hours.
2012
Uptake of copper (II) from aqueous solution using activated carbons prepared from nipa palm nut (NPN), palmyra palm nut (PPN), oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), oil palm fiber (OPF), and oil palm shell (OPS) was studied. Chemical activation method was adopted in preparing the activated carbon. The effects of various parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial ion concentration and adsorbent particle size were investigated in order to determine the adsorption performance of the adsorbents. It was found that the amount of Cu 2+ adsorbed increased with increase in adsorbent dosage, and contact time and decreased with increase in particle size and initial ion concentration. The optimum pH of 6 was obtained for all the adsorbents. The result of adsorption studies showed that activated carbons produced from NPN and PPN are the most efficient adsorbents for the removal of Cu 2+ from aqueous solutions while EFB, OPF and OPS were found to be poor adsorbents for the removal...
Removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from sawdust and nutshells
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2018
In this study, activated carbons were prepared from waste biomass and were used for the removal of Cu 2+ from water. Two sets of activated carbons (10 each): un-oxidized and oxidized were prepared by carrying out the carbonization of the waste biomass in N 2 atmosphere and normal atmospheric air, respectively. Oxidized activated carbons showed high adsorption capacities for the removal of copper ion from aqueous solutions. Surface functional groups (carboxylic, phenol and lactones) were determined quantitatively using Boehm titration method. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to analyze the adsorption equilibrium data. Best fit was obtained with Langmuir model as the R 2 values were high for almost all the prepared adsorbents in this study. Pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic models were used to analyze the adsorption kinetics data. Best fits were obtained with pseudo-second order kinetic model. The equilibrium time were in range of 30 to 160 min (C 5 = 30 lowest and C 3 /C 8 = 160, highest). The adsorption parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were also determined. The values of ΔG° and ΔH° were negative while that of ΔS° were positive. The negative values of ΔH° show that the adsorption of Cu 2+ ions on prepared adsorbents was an exothermic process while the increase in ΔG° values with temperature shows that the adsorption process is favorable one at high temperature. Amongst the oxidized adsorbents (C 1 to C 10), activated carbons prepared from Ber and Poplar were more efficient in removal Cu ++ from aqueous solutions.
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering
The study reports application of activated carbon coated with TIO2 nanoparticles to remove Copper from wastewater. The TiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized using sol-gel process and are coated on Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) using Bisphenol resin as adhesive. The synthesized composite material is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Column experiments are conducted to investigate removal of copper from industrial effluent by varying flow, height and mass of adsorbent. Results showed decrease in the heavy metal and sorption is well explained by Thomas model.
In this study, low-cost activated carbon (AC) prepared from baobab fruit shells by chemical activation using phosphoric acid was evaluated for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. The prepared activated carbon samples were characterized using N 2-adsorption– desorption isotherms, SEM, FTIR, EDX and XRD analysis. The sample activated at 700 °C was chosen as our optimized sample because its physicochemical properties and BET results were similar to those of a commercial sample. The N 2-adsorption–desorption results of the optimized sample revealed a BET surface area of 1089 m 2 /g, micropore volume of 0.3764 cm 3 /g, total pore volume of 0.4330 cm 3 /g and pore size of 1.45 nm. Operational parameters such as pH, initial copper concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage and temperature were studied in a batch mode. Equilibrium data were obtained by testing the adsorption data using three different isotherm models: Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevish (D–R) models. It was found that the adsorption of copper correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 3.0833 mg/g. The kinetics of the adsorption process was tested through pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the best correlation for the experimental data studied. The adsorption followed chemisorption process. The study provided an effective use of baobab fruit shells as a valuable source of adsorbents for the removal of copper ions from aqueous solution. This study could add economic value to baobab fruit shells in Malawi, reduce disposal problems, and offer an economic source of AC to the AC users. Keywords Cu(II) ions Á Baobab fruit shell Á Activated carbon Á Adsorption isotherm and kinetics
The present paper reports on the use of modified activated carbon as an environmental friendly adsorbent, obtained from a green vegetable waste, for the removal of copper (II) from wastewaters. The activated carbon was prepared from green vegetable waste by KOH treatment for 24 h at 60°C and thereafter evaluated by studying the effects of pH, contact time, dosage and initial concentration and optimized in the batch processing mode. The morphological and chemical changes in activated carbon were fully characterized by SEM, TGA, DSC, FTIR techniques. The Langmuir isotherm, yielded adsorption capacity of 75.0 mg g À1 for a pseudo-secondorder model. Overall, these results suggest that green vegetable waste derived activated carbon as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of copper (II) will be useful for future scale-up for the tertiary treatment of wastewater.
ACS Omega
In this work, activated carbon (AC) was synthesized and then modified using nickel(II) oxide and copper(II) oxide. Pure-AC, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt % nanohybrid NiO−CuO/AC nanocomposites (χ-NC/AC NCs) were characterized using XRD, IR, EDS, surface area, and FE-SEM techniques. Furthermore, the adsorbents obtained were tested for their ability to remove hazardous Pb(II) and Cd(II) from water. The fabricated x-NC/AC NC adsorbents showed the highest adsorptive performance toward the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from water. The 30-NC/AC NC adsorbent showed the complete removal of Pb(II) at pH = 5 and Cd(II) at pH = 7 within 30 min. Overall, the obtained superior experimental results suggest that the adsorptive performance of AC was greatly enhanced after loading hybrid metal oxide nanoparticles, so its application in water treatment is potential and applicable.
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
The functionalized-CuO nanoparticles were synthesized by following an eco-friendly, green route using Brassica leaf extract. The prepared monoclinic crystals of functionalized-CuO nanoparticles have size around 50 nm with point of zero charge at pH 7.7. The EDX investigation indicated that the functionalized-CuO NPs possessed C (18.50%), Cu (28.33%), and O (53.16%) elements by weight, the presence of content clearly indicated the formation and functionalization of CuO NPs. The prepared nanoparticles of smaller size have high surface area, the primary criteria for a good adsorbent, were used as an adsorbent for Amaranth, Congo red, and Bismarck brown dyes, however, the detailed studies were carried out for Amaranth dye only. The batch adsorption experiments were performed to optimize the pH, Amaranth dye concentration, reaction time, dose of functionalized-CuO NPs, and temperature, to get maximum adsorption and then performed actual experiments. The study has shown that more than 90% adsorption of Amaranth dye from its solution, having 10 mg L-1 concentration, was achieved with 2.0 g L-1 of dosage of functionalized-CuO NPs. For determining the adsorption capacity of these nanoparticles for Amaranth dye, and to propose mechanism of the adsorption process the data adsorption was fitted into non-linearized Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. The Langmuir capacity of CuO NPs decreased from 55.33 to 33.17 mg g-1 when the temperature of the reaction mixture was raised from 27 to 45°C. The thermodynamic study showed that the process was feasible and endothermic in nature. The reaction kinetics revealed that the Amaranth dye adsorption followed pseudo-second order.
Modeling of copper ions adsorption onto oxidative-modified activated carbons
Adsorption Science & Technology, 2017
In this work, the adsorption of copper ions onto activated carbons that oxidatively modified with H2O2 and HNO3 was studied. The prepared sorbents with a surface area of 275–780 m2/g contain 0.53–3.77 mmol/g of oxygen-containing groups. It was found that the oxidized activated carbon effectively adsorbs Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions. For the most efficient activated carbon–HNO3–30 sorbent, the percentage removal of copper ions from solutions of varying concentrations is high. In the concentration range from 1.5 to 6 104M of Cu2+, it reaches >55%. At concentrations lower than 1.5 104M, the expected removal is above 80%. The experimental equilibrium adsorption data were modeled with 2- and 3-parameter isotherms. The analysis of adsorption modeling results accounting for the surface heterogeneity effect was provided. The data fit well to the Dubinin–Radushkevich model. Presumably, the complexation of Cu2+ with oxygen-containing groups passes within micropores. We found a correlation between the sorption capacity for Cu2þ and the concentration of surface groups. The presence of the carboxyl, anhydride, and lactone groups make a major impact on the adsorption