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International Journal of Research in Geography
Human Migration is considered as one of the important demographic process which has manifold effect on the society as well as to the individuals, apart from the other population dynamics of fertility and mortality. Several approaches dealing with migration has evolved the concepts related to the push and pull factors causing migration. Malabar Migration is a historical phenomenon of internal migration, in which massive exodus took place in the vast jungles of Malabar concentrating with similar socio-cultural-economic group of people. Various factors related to social, cultural, demographical and economical aspects initiated the migration from erstwhile Travancore to erstwhile Malabar district. The present preliminary study tries to focus over such factors associated with Malabar Migration in Taliparamba block of Kannur district (Kerala).This study is based on the primary survey of the study area and further supplemented with other secondary materials.
Internal Migration Certain Experiences from Kerala
In recent times, internal migration has intensified in different parts of the world. In tune with this, migration issues in Kerala have assumed different dimensions thanks to the inflow of a large number of migrants from the far away states like Assam and West Bengal. This has made Kerala a destination which attracts internal migrants besides being a state sending its own people to the Middle East and Europe. The large influx of migrants has caused precarious socioeconomic issues in Kerala society. At the same time, Kerala's dying productive sectors find resurrection only on the ride of the present wave of migrant workers to the State. Set in this background, this paper intends to look into these issues and try to bring out policy interventions by the government to improve the living conditions of migrant workers.
Background and aim: One important facet of study on population is the study of migration arising out of various social, economic or cultural and political reasons. For a large country like India, the study of movement of population in different parts of the country helps in understanding the dynamics of the society better. At this junction in the economic development, in the country, especially when many states are undergoing faster economic development, particularly in areas, such as, manufacturing, information technology or service sectors, data migration profile of population has become more important. When a person is enumerated in census at a different place than his / her place of birth, she / he is considered a migrant. This may be due to marriage, which is the most common reason for migration among females-or for work, which is the case as generally among males, etc. It also happens that many return to their place of birth after staying out. To capture such movements of population census collect information on migration by last helps to understand the current migration scenario better Objectives: The general objective of this paper To study the socio economic status of the families of the international migrants, residing in Ramanathapuram district, Tamilnadu. Specific Objectives are to explore the Push Factors leading to InterNational Migration, to know social and cultural background of the families of the migrants before and after departure, to analyze the economical status of the families after the member moved to foreign countries, to extract the impact of international migration upon the families and to suggest remedial measures. Research Methods: The researcher has collected data from the families of the international migrants residing at Ramanathapuram district, who are working in south East Asian countries and gulf countries involving in construction, catering and domestic works. The data collection has been done with the proportionate number of respondents in four blocks i.e., Thiruvadanai, Paramakudi, Mudhukulathur and Ramanatha puram. A Research designs employed are the descriptive design and explorative design comprising the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to lend relevance and a scientific approach to the research purpose. In other words, the Research design refers to the entire plan of the study. The researcher applied Descriptive Research Design for study. Results: In a good number of families of 36 per cent, fathers are migrants to foreign countries. Also in a reasonable number of families of 31 per cent, husbands are migrants to foreign countries. A good number of respondents 46 per cent belong to the age group of 35-45. Just above the half of the respondents 57 per cent, have studied up to SSLC. A majority of the respondents 70 per cent are married. A majority of respondents of 75 per cent are living in nuclear families. A just above the half of the respondents 52 per cent are migrating because of indebtedness. At just above half of the respondents 54 per cent are facing draught for 1-3 years. A good number of respondents 37 per cent are having three and more lakhs of indebtedness. A less than half of the respondents 48 per cent are getting other source of income from daily wages. A good number of respondents 67 per cent are getting 3-5 thousands as monthly income from other sources. A least number of respondents 9 per cent were living in concrete house before departure it has alarmingly increased into a vast majority 83 per cent who are living in concrete houses after departure. An average number of respondents 21 per cent were living in owned house and after departure it has to be raised into a majority of respondents 73 per cent who are living in owned houses. Before departure a very least number 1 per cent of the respondents were using the bore well water, after departure it has increased into a majority of respondents 66 per cent to use the bore
Educational Migration from Malabar; Community Development through Cultural Transactions
As a phenomena, migrations cause to no little transformations of a community in its way forward. Migration for the purpose of education in Malabar was a process which led to many far-reaching socio-cultural developments and also some kind of impacts as years rolled by. Cultural transactions sharing some cultural ethics and ways of life played a vital role in defining the development of a community. From the very medieval age itself, Malabar especially Muslim community witnessed an immense desire in its intelligentsia to travel abroad like Mecca and Medina, and Cairo as well as it wholeheartedly accepted Sayyids of Tarem of Hadrmout and assigned to them the core roles of political and religious leaderships of the community. Therefore, the educational migration from Malabar was a turning point not only for the wellbeing of Muslim community but also for the history of Malabar. This paper would be an attempt to analyse the migration of Malabaris for the purpose of education and its distinguishing features and impacts in the society.
Socio-cultural adjustment of non-kannadiga migrants –a case study in Gulbarga district
2015
Migration is a new trend. People have been migrating to different places for various purposes. Migration has become more common due to easy communication and contact with their kith and kin. Yet migrants experience stress and it demands emotional, social, cultural,educational and economic adjustments. Gulbarga is one of the most backward and fifth populated district of Karnataka .It is known for its multi-religious and multi-cultural society. People from different states such as Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, North and North-East are settled down here for various reasons such as education, business, and employment and settled here after given in marriage. This study evaluates the Socio-Cultural Adjustment of Non-Kannadiga migrants and their adjustment problems and prospects .This study is carried out among 160 Non-Kannadiga migrants in Gulbarga city belonging to different states settled here for various purposes . The researcher used questionnaire and interviewed few people to ...
Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2024
This research paper would explore the continuum and changes in the cultural identity of Vaniga Vysya community which migrated from Tamil Nadu to Balaramapuram of yesteryears Travancore now in Kerala. The cultural identity comprises tangible and intangible attributes. The scope was limited to three tangible attributes which included 12 variables as listed below. a) Settlement level with variables, type of settlement and public spaces of the community. b) House level - spaces with seven variables namely seating in the front portion of the house, multi-purpose room, puja space, rooms, kitchen, cattle shed and open well. c) House level - house components with three variables namely doors, windows and columns. The other tangible attributes and all the intangible attributes formed part of the limitations of this research. Literature study on culture and migrant community resulted in four processes of acculturation. They were assimilation, separation, integration and marginalization. Three more possibilities apart from the above processes like changes in assimilation, changes in separation and changes in integration were identified. Samples were chosen based on the sampling and selection criteria. Secondary data on the considered tangible attributes of home and host culture were identified, collected and synthesised to form a base template which was used for comparing and categorizing the primary documentation on the considered tangible attributes. This categorization was further checked with processes of acculturation and analysed. The results of the three attributes were as follow: i) settlement level - maximum separation; ii) house level: a) spaces - maximum marginalization; b) house components - maximum integration and changes in separation. The process of acculturation for all the three tangible attributes put together marginalization was most closely followed by separation and the third was changes in separation. This showed that even though there were changes, there was a strong need to maintain their cultural identity. Methodology formulated would be a prototype model for researching on the continuum and changes in the cultural identity of any migrant community. The base template formed would be secondary data for research on tangible attributes of Tamil Nadu and Travancore.
CASE STUDIES OF SOCIO -ECONOMIC MIGRATION IN MAHABOOBNAGAR DISTRICT
In the year 1990 a study was conducted to understand the seasonal migration and its impact on migrant families. Present study tried to re-visit same individuals/families and tried to document the key changes that has occurred over the period (between 1990 and 2013). These case studies are self-explanatory describing the changes in the process of migration, social and economic conditions in the Mahaboob Nagr District of Telangana State. In addition few more case studies were collected to explain how migrant families/individuals are adopting coping mechanism to meet challenges arising out of migration in destination as well as at the place of origin. Information from the Village Secretaries, Sarpanchs, Contractors and Migrant labourers about the reasons for migration and problem of migrant labourares at the work site was elicited through focus group discussion sand interactive sessions by the Research Team. More often the procedure was conversation type where the respondents made the taking with the Team members guiding the conversation, not IO" cross the focus of the topic. Sometimes they were aided with extra inputs, to make the proceedings more focused and meaningful. REVIEW OF LITERATURE: There are different theories of migration that will explain different concepts. This chapter is beginning with a section on theories of migration and different school of thoughts. Another section on comprehensive review of studies on migration will also present in this chapter. A brief description on the studies, includingthe study that has been taken Case Study-1 The focus group meeting was conducted at the village Jillela village. Most of the migrants came to the village for celebrating their local festival once in a year. The gathering consisted of two categories of migrants-(1) migrants who are going to far off places and (2) short distance migrants who are migrating to Hyderabad city or within the Andhra Pradesh. The first group of migrants (small in number) expressed \hat most of them took advances from the contractors to meet the family requirements such as food, medical expenses, and marriages. Non-availability of work due to drought conditions in the village forced them too to the contractors to get money or maintenance of their families. Even though they aware that the contractors exploit them by offering low wages for their work, and extract more hours to work from them as they have no better an alternative active they reached an agreement to work with him until they clear off their advances. They expressed mainly three reasons for long distance migration-(1) lack of work in and around the village due to severe drought conditions, (2) the head of the house hold send their sons to other places to get advance from the contractors, and (3) to clear off their old debits. They said that the contractor after paying the
2020
Introduction: Labor migration has become a means to make ends meet for low-income countries. It plays a key role to provide employment opportunities and has helped in the improvement of the standard of living. With the alarming rise of migrating workers, it becomes important to acknowledge the effects of migration on both the migrant workers in the destination country as well as families left behind at the place of origin. The objective of this study was to find out the status of migration of population in Khopasi village and their attitude towards the effects of migration on families left behind. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 256 residents of Khopasi, Kavrepalanchowk district from 10-15th November 2019. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire to assess the status of migration of immediate family members as well as the attitude towards migration and its effects. Results: The prevalence of migrant workers was 39.8%. The p...
Migration as a Factor of Cultural and Sub-cultural Diversity- Case of Korca City
European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research, 2014
Sociological studies pay special attention to the mechanisms of cultural change and development, as well as the main factors that determine such dynamics. Zyhdi Dervishi (2011) considers cultural diffusion as one of the most influential factors of cultural development. Referring to the sociological literature consulted for this study, it is founded that Albanian culture is described as a mosaic of diverse subcultures, which differ greatly from one another. This sub-cultural diversity is evidenced in all components of cultural system; the docks, customs, manner of speaking, clothing, lifestyle, religious and pagan rituals and ceremonials, art, music, poetry, norms, values, symbols, elements of material culture etc. There are a number of factors that have contributed significantly in shaping the features of Albanian culture and its sub-cultural diversity. One of these factors is migration. It is noticed that migratory movements affect social and cultural development; major changes occur in family relationships, lifestyle, tendency for new cultural values acquisition, etc. This is more evident in rural-urban migration, as well as in international migration phenomenon. New economic resources, new working devices, system of social relationship in host society comprise an important source in transforming people's lives. Over the past twenty years Albanian society has experienced a number of economic, social and cultural changes, caused especially by increasing flows of internal and international migrants. Significant cultural changes are evidenced in social and cultural environment of Korça city, which is characterized by the phenomenon of massive displacement of population from rural areas to the city, as well as migration phenomenon in Greece. Taking into consideration the complexity of migration phenomenon and the consequences it brings in cultural plan, we intend to highlight and examine elements of sub-cultural diversity in Korça city, caused by internal and international migration. This paper draws on a research in Korça city, located in southeast of Albania, 35 km to the Greek border, which reflects a cultural environment where are intertwined trends of the cultural change, caused by migration from rural areas within the city and emigration process to neighboring Greece. In-depth interviews and observation will be used for data collection. Combined analysis of qualitative and quantitative methods will be used for data processing. This enables making comparisons and identifying problems. This paper aims to identify and analyze the impact of migration in sub-cultural diversity and aspects of the coexistence between rural subculture, urban subculture and the one of people having migration experience to Greece.