Nitric oxide releasing-porous materials for therapeutic benefits (original) (raw)
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Employment and Careers of European Chemists (ESEC2)
Chemistry - A European Journal, 2018
Employment conditions and career opportunities are in the focus of the new Employment Survey for European Chemists (ESEC2). Conditions and opportunities are individually analysed for all countries with a statistically significant number of responses. The results provide important clues for careers in these countries and in Europe as a whole. The importance of employer sectors varies very much between European countries. A chapter of this report is devoted to career planning of students and new graduates. This is the first general evaluation of the survey. It provides many details about the chemistry workforce in Europe and its development.
Snapshots of Life—Early Career Materials Scientists Managing in the Midst of a Pandemic
Chemistry of Materials
Metrics & More Article Recommendations S cientists are a tough lotthe love of and drive to pursue scientific knowledge were what motivated us to take the extra laboratory courses as undergraduates, to chase summer research jobs, graduate school, and beyond. A global pandemic brings to bear an entirely new set of challenges, which will be different for every person. We asked a number of early career researchers from around the globe to weigh in with their observations and thoughts, as of April 15, 2020. Below you will read insights from undergraduates through to early career professors from around the globe, that outline their situations and frames of mind. We will be following up with them, and others, in a month on May 15, 2020, to catch up with them and learn more about how people are adapting to a rapidly evolving situation. It is our hope that these snapshots of the lives of early career scientists underline the inescapable fact that we are all in this together, and that they provide some solace and inspiration for your own set of circumstances. Chemistry of Materials sees it as its essential duty to provide extensions of deadlines to authors as needed. Laboratories are in various stages of shutdown around the world, and we want to work with you, so please do not hesitate to get in touch. Please remember that all of our editors are academics and practicing scientists as well, and so we are in the same big boat. Stay safe.
A Survey of Chemistry and Physics Postdoctoral Researchers’ Experiences and Career Intentions
2011
This survey was designed to investigate whether male and female postdoctoral researchers (PDRs) in physics and chemistry had different experiences and whether this then affected their long-term career intentions. A total of 776 PDRs completed the survey. Most of the analysis was confined to those who stated their gender and declared that they worked in a chemistry or physics department. Statistical significance was tested using Chi-squared test. Overall, more differences were found between chemists and physicists than between the genders, indicating that there may be important cultural differences between the disciplines. Where gender differences were found, they were generally greater between male and female chemists than between male and female physicists. The data also highlighted that appraisal, induction and mentoring were still not commonplace in many departments and less than half of postdoctoral researchers actually felt valued within their department. It is clear, therefore...
1992
This report presents the data collected as part of the 1990 New Entrants Survey on the demographic, education, and employment characteristics of recent college graduates in science and engineering fields. A major objective of the survey was to develop national estimates and characteristics of the total population of scientists and engineers in the United States. The report is presented in three sections. The first section discusses the survey design, response rates of the sample (25,686) of science and engineering graduates in 1988 and 1989, definitions of key variables in the survey, differences of the survey results with other data sources, and sampling errors. The second section, which makes up the majority of the report, presents detailed statistical tab _es reporting graduate characteristics by field of degree, sex, graduate school status, employment status, racial/ethnic group, type of employer, primary work activity, and annual salaries. The tables are grouped into the following science and engineering categories: (1) 1988 bachelor's-degree recipients; (2) 1988 master's-degree recipients; (3) 1989 bachelor's-degree recipients; (4) 1989 master's-degree recipients; (5) median annual salaries of 1988 and 1989 bachelor's-degree recipients; (6) median annual salaries of 1988 and 1989 master's-degree recipients; and (7) selected employment characteristics of 1988 and 1989 bachelor's-and master's-degree recipients. The third section reproduces a copy of the questionnaire used in the survey.
Nitric Oxide, 2019
Nitric oxide (NO) presents innumerable biological roles, and its exogenous supplementation for therapeutic purposes has become a necessity. Some nanoporous materials proved to be potential vehicles for NO with high storage capacity. However, there is still a lack of information about their efficiency to release controlled NO and if they are biocompatible and biologically stable. In this work, we address this knowledge gap starting by evaluating the NO release and stability under biological conditions and their toxicity with primary keratinocyte cells. Titanosilicates (ETS-4 and ETS-10 types) and clay-based materials were the materials under study, which have shown in previous studies suitable NO gas adsorption/release rates. ETS-4 proved to be the most promising material, combining good biocompatibility at 180 µg/mL, stability and slower NO release. ETS-10 and ETAS-10 showed the best biocompatibility at the same concentration and, in the case of clay-based materials, CoOS is the least toxic of those tested and the one that releases the highest NO amount. The potentiality of these new NO donors to regulate biological functions was assessed next by controlling the mitochondrial respiration and the cell migration. NO-loaded ETS-4 regulates O 2 consumption and cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. For cell migration, a biphasic effect was observed in a narrow range of ETS concentration, with a stimulatory effect becoming inhibitory just by doubling ETS concentration. For the other materials, no effective regulation was achieved, which highlights the relevance of the new assessment presented in this work for nanoporous NO carriers that will pave the way for further developments.
2003
Major changes in the structure and provision of chemistry courses in English universities have been effected in recent years. The traditional 3-year undergraduate course has been augmented by introduction of a new 4-year course designed explicitly to provide access to postgraduate research training; and formal programmes and educational requirements have been added to the existing research criteria for doctoral courses. The origins of the changes are identified with the social and educational implications of wider access to both the final years of secondary school and to university education. The consequences include concentration of university chemistry courses in the traditional, older universities where a strong research-base is seen to be attractive both academically and financially. Strong historic links between university departments, chemical industry and the chemistry profession have provided key components of these changes.
Opportunities in Manufacturing of Advanced Materials for Second Career-Seeking Students
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access Proceedings
Cigularov has investigated various organizational issues related to leadership and culture, employee burnout and stress, as well as training programs and interventions. Dr. Cigularov has extensive experience with program design and evaluation and he has consulted numerous organizations, including the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, on designing, evaluating, and disseminating effective interventions and training programs. He has expertise in both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, which he uses to better understand and help organizations create and engender safer, healthier, and more fulfilling workplaces. Dr. Cigularov has conducted numerous needs assessments of targeted student populations, including medical residents, STEM students, transfer students, graduate students in sciences, and second career engineering students.
Nanotechnology Skills Foresight -original English langauge text.
Policymakers responsible for improving the skill base needed for future economic development must assess the implications of radical technological change in the future. The example selected here is in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of using more than one scenario of long term development when assessing such a complex issue as technology development and the demand for skills. Scenario forecasting is appropriately based on assessing plausible alternatives combined with horizon-scanning and determination of “weak signals”. This procedure will provide early warning about how far the key elements of various scenarios become manifest and those with maximum influence on emerging trends. This procedural approach for forecasting future skills needs in a particular technology is to estimate short-term and medium-term prospects for its development from concrete scenarios. Nanotechnology, the paper shows, due to its relative infancy, its composition of numerous lines of knowledge development, and the many contested claims about the scope and speed of its evolution, poses particular challenges. The paper assesses how confident we can be about skill and employment projections related to nanoindustries – and industrial applications of nanotechnology, i.e. in medicine; chemistry and the environment; energy; information and communication; heavy industry; and consumer goods. It proposes ways in which to provide more policy-relevant intelligence. Future skills forecasts, it argues, can be shaped using familiar ideas from innovation research - about technological paradigms and trajectories, and about diffusion and industry life-cycles. Requirements for skills will vary depending on how revolutionary nanotechnologies will be. Will innovation essentially extend existing nanoengineering techniques or embody more radical visions of molecular engineering and “bottom up” nanotechnologies? Responses to these questions can be derived from expert-based alternative scenarios. Citation: Miles I. (2010) Forsayt v oblasti nanotekhnologiy: kak issledovat' sferu zanyatosti i professional'nye kompetentsii? [Nanotechnology Foresight: How Can We Explore Employment and Skills Implications?]. Foresight-Russia, vol. 4, no 1, pp. 20-36 (in Russian)
The Labor Market for PhDs in Science and Engineering: Career Outcomes
1978
The, National Science Foundation. (NSF).bat estimated TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) AND USERS OF THE ERIC SYSTEM." that between 375,000:-and.400;00Q science and engineering doctorates will beavailable in 1985, compared These projections indicate 'a trendtoward with W)out 235,000 available positions.. increasing imbalances .between supply. and utilization, which could mean'that many doctorateS'will.not find jobs in science land_engineering fields and some may be , unemployed.-ho magnitude of the-.unemployment is difticUlt to project, but it is-_, to be: relatively small, since-doctorate holder1 unable-to find related or traditional jobs are still likely to find-some sort of employmentjNSF, 1975).