Prevalence and Risk Factors for Stroke in an Adult Population in a Rural Community in the Niger Delta, South-South Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Epidemiology of stroke in a rural community in Southeastern Nigeria
Vascular Health and Risk Management, 2014
The prevalence and incidence of stroke vary from community to community worldwide. Nonetheless, not much is known about the current epidemiology of stroke in rural Nigeria and indeed Africa. Methods: We carried out a two-phase door-to-door survey in a rural, predominantly low-income, community in Anambra, Southeastern Nigeria. We used a modified World Health Organization (WHO) protocol for detecting neurological diseases in the first phase, and a stroke-specific questionnaire and neurological examination in the second phase. An equal number of sex-and age-matched stroke-negative subjects were examined. Results: We identified ten stroke subjects in the study. The crude prevalence of stroke in rural Nigeria was 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78-3.00) per 1,000 population. The crude prevalence of stroke in males was 1.99 (95% CI 0.73-4.33) per 1,000, while that for females was 1.28 (95% CI 0.35-3.28) per 1,000 population. The peak age-specific prevalence of stroke was 12.08 (95% CI 3.92-28.19) per 1,000, while after adjustment to WHO world population, the peak was 1.0 (95% CI 0.33-2.33) per 1,000. Conclusion: The prevalence of stroke was found to be higher than previously documented in rural Nigeria, with a slightly higher prevalence in males than females. This is, however, comparable to data from rural Africa.
Re-appraisal of risk factors for stroke in Nigerian Africans
Stroke is one of the major challenges facing medicine with a frightening statistics of being the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of physical disability worldwide. Identification and management of risk factors remains the key to reducing morbidity and mortality from stroke. Eighty patients with clinical presentation of stroke were recruited consecutively from the Emergency Departments of the University Teaching Hospital and Specialist Hospital - both situated in Benin City, Nigeria. The patients were followed up for a two year period (June 2000 - June 2002) and risk factors analysis was done on all patients. The patients were compared with eighty age and sex matched subjects without stroke (controls). Hypertension remained the dominant risk factor with an odds ratio of 2.68 (95% CI 1.29 - 5.59). Diabetes mellitus independently conferred a risk of 3.23 (95% CI 1.09 - 5.71) and in combination with hypertension enhanced stroke risk (odds ratio 7.21; 95% CI 5.79 - 13.27; p<0.05). Cigarette smoking, obesity, atrial fibrillation and physical inactivity significantly increased stroke risk (p<0.05). On the other hand, dietary habits, alcohol consumption and serum cholesterol were not important risk factors in Nigerians. This study emphasized the significance of optimal blood pressure and glycemic control in stroke prevention. The message for all is to exercise, maintain a healthy weight, avoid smoking and monitor blood pressure and glucose levels regularly.
Re - Appraisal Of Risk Factors For Stroke In Nigerian Africans - A Prospective Case - Control Study
African Journal of Neurological Sciences, 2008
Stroke is one of the major challenges facing medicine with a frightening statistics of being the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of physical disability worldwide. Identification and management of risk factors remains the key to reducing morbidity and mortality from stroke. Eighty patients with clinical presentation of stroke were recruited consecutively from the Emergency Departments of the University Teaching Hospital and Specialist Hospital-both situated in Benin City, Nigeria. The patients were followed up for a two year period (June 2000-June 2002) and risk factors analysis was done on all patients. The patients were compared with eighty age and sex matched subjects without stroke (controls). Hypertension remained the dominant risk factor with an odds ratio of 2.68 (95% CI 1.29-5.59). Diabetes mellitus independently conferred a risk of 3.23 (95% CI 1.09-5.71) and in combination with hypertension enhanced stroke risk (odds ratio 7.21; 95% CI 5.79-13.27; p<0.05). Cigarette smoking, obesity, atrial fibrillation and physical inactivity significantly increased stroke risk (p<0.05). On the other hand, dietary habits, alcohol consumption and serum cholesterol were not important risk factors in Nigerians. This study emphasized the significance of optimal blood pressure and glycemic control in stroke prevention. The message for all is to exercise, maintain a healthy weight, avoid smoking and monitor blood pressure and glucose levels regularly.
A review of stroke admissions at a tertiary hospital in rural Southwestern Nigeria
Annals of African Medicine, 2011
Background: Stroke is a common neurological disorder and is the third leading cause of death and a major cause of long-term disability. The disease is expected to increase in low-and middle-income countries like Nigeria. There is no information on stroke in rural Nigeria. Objectives: To review the clinical patterns, risk-factors, and outcome of stroke in a tertiary hospital in rural Nigeria and examine the rural-urban variation of stroke hospitalization in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: We carried out a retrospective study of patients who had a clinical diagnosis of stroke at the Federal Medical Centre, Ido-Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria between November 2006 and October 2009. Results: A total of 101 patients who had stroke were admitted during this review period, accounting for 4.5% of medical admission and 1.3% of total hospital admission. Women accounted 52.5% of cases, with a male to female ratio of 1 : 1.1. Their mean age was 68 ± 12 years. Stroke occurrences increased with age, as almost half (49.5%) of the cases were aged 70 years and majority (84.2%) of them were in low socioeconomic class. The mean hospital stay for stroke treatment was 12 ± 9 days, Glasgow coma score on admission was 11 ± 4. Ischemic stroke was 64.4%; hemorrhagic stroke, 34.7%; and indeterminate, 1.0%. Hypertension (85.2%), diabetes mellitus (23.8%), and tobacco smoking (22.8%) were the common identifi able risk factors for stroke. Of all the patients, 69% had 2 risk factors for stroke. Thirty-day case fatality was 23.8%; it increases with age and was higher among men than women (29.2 vs 18.9%) and in patients with diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke (34.3 vs 18.5%). The numbers of identifi able risk factors of stroke has no effect on the 30-day case fatality. When compared with stroke in urban areas of Nigeria, we found no differences in frequency of hospitalization (1.3 vs 0.9-4%) and the major risk factor (hypertension). Hemorrhagic stroke was more common in urban than in the rural community (45.2-51 vs 34.7%) and the 30-day case fatality was lower in the rural community (23.8 vs 37.6-41.2%). Conclusion: Stroke is also a common neurological condition in rural Nigeria, in view of the fact that almost 70% of the patients had 2 risk factors of stroke. We recommend that, sustainable, community-friendly intervention programmes are incorporated into the health care system for the early prevention, recognition, and modifi cation of the risk factors in persons prone to the disease.
Cardiology & Vascular Research, 2021
Introduction: Despite the high burden of stroke globally, there is an observed paucity of data regarding its subtypes, risk factors and treatment outcomes in rural Southwestern Nigeria. The study ascertained the subtypes, risk factors and treatment outcomes of stroke at the adult Accident and Emergency Department of a tertiary hospital in a rural Southwestern Nigeria. Materials and methods: A retrospective survey using data form and standardized questionnaire was used to review the patients admitted for stroke between January 2015 and December 2019. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0. The results were presented in descriptive and tabular formats. Results: In this study, 276 stroke patients comprised Ischemic (60.1%) vs Hemorrhagic (39.9%) strokes were studied. The mean age of the patients was 67.3±11.1 years. The majority were males and were older than 65 years. The independent predictors of stroke admissions were Informal education [(AOR = 0.288; 95% CI: (0.120-0.691), ...
Prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors among Nigerians with stroke
2007
Summary Stroke is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The case fatality rates from stroke are two- to three-fold higher in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, than in the developed world, mainly because of limited healthcare facilities and untreated risk factors. The aim was to determine the prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors among Nigerians with stroke and compare the prevalence of risk factors between young and older adults with stroke. Methods The study was cross-sectional in design, and was carried out on stroke patients who were 15 years of age or older, in the medical wards and neurology clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Data was collated consecutively over six months. Results A total of 81 patients were studied. Sixteen of them (19.8%) were under 45 years old (group 1) while the remaining 65 patients (80.2%) were 45 years or older (group 2). All patients had at least one risk factor. One-third of group 1 patients (37.5...
Profile of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Nigerians with Stroke
World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, 2016
Background: There is paucity of data on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among stroke patients in our population. This study aimed at assessing CVD risk factors amongst stroke patients compared with apparently healthy controls. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano. One hundred stroke subjects were consecutively recruited and compared with 100 age and sex matched controls. The CVD risk factors assessed were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status (SES), increased age, male gender and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status. Results: Mean age was 56.4 ± 15.8 years for cases and 54.5 ± 15.4 years for controls (p = 0.39), and 53% of the former and 52% of the latter were males (p = 0.887). The most prevalent CVD risk factor was hypertension, found in 71% of cases and 42% of the controls, (p = 0.01). All heart diseases were found in 70% of cases and 21% of controls (p < 0.001), and hypertensive heart disease (HHD) was the commonest, found in 55% of cases and 18% of controls (p < 0.001). Dyslipidemia was found in 53% of cases and 37% of the controls (p = 0.023), diabetes mellitus/hyperglycemia in 23% of the cases and 6% of the controls (p = 0.01), history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) in 19% of cases and 1% of the controls (p = 0.01), while atrial fibrillation was found in 9% of cases only. Other risk factors were uncommon. Conclusion: The most frequent CVD risk factors among Nigerians with stroke were systemic hypertension, heart diseases, male sex and dyslipidemia, while HIV and other risk factors were uncommon. Thus medical attention and public enlightenment should focus on the common ones as detected in this study.
Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease that disturbs or damages the blood supply to the brain. This study aimed to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of stroke cases in Murtala Muhammed Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Five years of records of three hundred (300) stroke patients comprised of biodata and clinical data were collected. The data were expressed as mean±SD, while simple percentage and Chi-square (χ2) tests were used to determine the incidence and association between the variables respectively using Minitab 17.0 software. The results showed an incidence of 182 (61%) males and 118 (39%) females, 265 (78%) and 65 (22%) for the above and below 40 years age groups respectively. The Hausa, Yoruba and Igbo ethnic groups have an incidence of 258 (86%), 24 (8%), and 18 (6%) respectively. The yearly incidence was 40 (13%), 50 (17%), 20 (7%), 56 (17%), and 134 (45%) for 2017 through 2021, respectively. The incidence of hemorrhagic, ischaemic, and transient i...
Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 2023
Objectives: This research intended to examine the demographic and clinical attributes of stroke admissions in a rural Nigerian hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of stroke admissions was conducted over 1 year. All necessary data were obtained from patients' records and SPSS was employed for data analysis. P < 0.05 was deemed significant. Results: There were 52 stroke cases, accounting for 5.9% of medical admissions. The patients' mean age was 62.81 ± 12.71 years, while females constituted 51.9% of cases. Common risk factors included hypertension (76.9%), hyperlipidemia (38.5%), alcohol (26.9%), and diabetes mellitus (26.9%). Clinical manifestations included hemiparesis/plegia (84.6%), altered consciousness (63.5%), slurred speech (61.5%), cranial nerve deficit (61.5%), aphasia (42.3%), and headache (34.6%). Ischemic stroke (71.2%) predominated over hemorrhagic stroke (28.8%). The average hospitalization duration was 17.62 ± 8.91 days, and the mean onset to arrival time was 121.31 ± 136.06 h. Discharge and mortality rates were 82.7% and 13.5%, respectively. The association between stroke subtypes and mortality was significant (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Stroke constitutes a significant portion of medical admissions in Nigeria, with ischemic stroke being more prevalent. High mortality rates underscore the urgent need to manage risk factors to prevent stroke.
Prevalence of Stroke Risk Factors in an Urban Community at Parakou (Northern Benin) in 2016
2021
Background: Sub-Saharan Africa faces a high burden of stroke due to growing of their risk factors. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of stroke risk factors and to identify associated factors in the district of Titirou in Parakou (northern Benin), in 2016.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. It included adults living in Titirou and having given their consent. A door-to-door survey was performed from 15 march to 15 July 2016 in each neighbourhood or village until the expected number reached. We recorded the socio-demographic data, medical histories, anthropometric and blood pressure measures using WHO steps approach. Prevalences of stroke risk factors were calculated and a logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with metabolic risk factors.Results: A total of 4671 participants was included with a mean age of 27.7±12.9 years and a sex ratio of 0.97. Prevalences of behavioural risk factors were estimated at: 17.2% of alcohol consumption, 21.5% of low fruits and...