Groundwater Management in the Esna City, Upper Egypt: An Application of Remote Sensing and Numerical Modeling (original) (raw)
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The major issues concerning water development and management include water conservation and the efficiency of water use; cost recovery, social and environmental factors. So continuous monitoring was essential to evaluate the reclamation impacts on the groundwater potentiality such as Esna Area, Luxor Governorate, Egypt. The main objective of this work is to determine the new development areas in Esna during the period from 1984 to 2011 using remote sensing technique, the impacts of the present and future development have been evaluated by using the two-dimensional numerical groundwater flow Simulation Package (visual modflow 4.2). The package was used to construct and calibrate a numerical model that can be used to simulate the response of the aquifer in the study area under implementing different management alternatives in the form of changes in piezometric levels and salinity. From land use maps of the study area for year 2011, it was observed a lot of changes in development areas especially on the border of the old land. The change in land reclaimed area was estimated with 44% in the period from year 1984 to 2011. This development accompanied with draw down about 2.5 meters through this period of time. The authors recommended applying different kinds of change detection technique on the study area. Compare between results, continuous monitoring of the development area is highly recommended.
The purpose of this paper is the application of geospatial data and techniques on the evaluation of potential groundwater management and uses in south New Valley (East El-Oweinat area), western desert of Egypt. An integration of geophysical, hydrogeological and remote sensing data into a Geographic Information System (GIS) has been used to determine groundwater potential zones for sustainable development. In the hydrogeophysical study, correlation of subsurface lithofacies has been carried out in different directions based on well logging data (Gamma ray, SP and normal short and long resistivity logs). The aquifer and aquitard thicknesses have been determined in the intensive study area. Moreover, a relationship between borehole resistivity and the hydraulic characteristics has been constructed in order to calculate transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. In the hy-drogeological study, analyses of pumping tests have been carried out especially the step drawdown tests for the groundwater wells. These pumping tests will determine the well performance criteria such as well loss, aquifer loss, well efficiency and optimum pumping rates. In the Remote Sensing and GIS study, Landsat imagery and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) have been processed, analyzed and managed in layers of data set. These data were used to gather current information for the surface topographic features such as elevation, slope, land use/ cover and sand dunes in the study area. Sand dunes are located in the northwestern direction and are considered as a very low potentiality due to the effect of these dunes on the agricultural activities. Finally, an integration of these surface and subsurface geospatial characteristic into GIS environment has been carried out. Natural breaks classification method has been used in order to classify each thematic map. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used in order to create the final groundwater potentiality map. Four zones A, B, C and D have been selected to be the most potentiality zones with different capacities which can be used for drilling new groundwater wells.
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2019
The Quaternary aquifer in Assiut Governorate is the most important water resource necessary for irrigation and development in Assiut Governorate. The study area is located between latitudes 26°47′-27°37′ N and longitudes 30°37′-31°3 4′ E, covering about 2500 km 2. This study is an integrated GIS-supported approach proposed to create and develop a transient three-dimensional groundwater flow model for the Quaternary aquifer in Assiut Governorate. Based on the prevailing climatic, environmental, developmental, and water demand conditions, the model was designed to investigate the most feasible groundwater management option. In this context, a great focus was given to the impact of the construction of the Assiut new barrages on the groundwater situation in the study area. According to the actual and supposed extraction rates of the Quaternary aquifer, six scenarios were suggested; however, only four of them are presented here. For the construction of rigid potentiometric isolines, the available records of water levels in more than 540 wells were used. The model was calibrated under the steady state and transient conditions using the trial and error method. The period 2007-2010 was chosen as a calibration period based on the availability and temporal distribution of the data. The simulation of the actual extraction rates (scenario 1, 767 × 10 6 m 3 /y) indicated that by 2050, the biggest drawdown is happening at the northwestern part with an average value of 8 m. In contrast, the groundwater is rising by about 6 m by 2050 in the same scenario. The simulation of the full capacity, proposed extraction rates (scenario 3, 1534 × 10 6 m 3 /y) resulted in severe changes of the hydraulic head patterns within almost all of the study area of the Quaternary aquifer during the simulation period. This scenario showed clearly a 12-m drawdown which occurs at the northeast part of the study area. Scenario 4 supposed a decrease in the water level of the River Nile by 1 m, a general increase in the groundwater level was detected by the end of the simulation. In scenario 5, the new location of the Assiut new barrage was simulated; the upstream water level has been considered the same as the old one and, however, is displaced 500 m downstream. By 2025, the impact of this scenario was observed by the increase in the hydraulic head in Assiut city by about 0.1 to 0.2 m. During the calibration process, it has been learned that there should be a groundwater recharge from the western and eastern plateau; however, this conclusion still needs further studies to confirm it.
Numerical modeling technique for groundwater management in Samalut city, Minia Governorate, Egypt
The demand for freshwater supplies is progressively ascending owing to the increase of the population expansion and economic growth. Available water resources have been reduced by pollution and over-pumping. Groundwater modeling is a powerful tool for water resources management, groundwater protection, and remediation. The aim of this study is to develop a numerical groundwater flow model for the Quaternary aquifer in Samalut city, Minia Governorate, Egypt. The model is used to determine the hydrogeological conditions of the aquifer, the flow directions as well as calculating the rates of recharge and discharge between surface water and groundwater in the study area. Furthermore, scenarios were designed in the model to assess the response of the aquifer to increase the groundwater extraction in the future. The model was calibrated by trial and error; simulated results were compared to the observed head and contour maps, which were generally in good agreement. No typical steady-state condition is prevailed in the aquifer and groundwater flow directions are toward northeast direction. The River Nile acts as a drain in the study area, while El-Ibrahimiya Canal and Bahr Yusef act as a source of aquifer recharge. The proposed scenarios showed that surface water plays an important role in recharging the aquifer during increasing groundwater extraction. The results showed that the change in the aquifer storage will be decreased from + 48,125 m 3 /day in the current state (2013) to + 27,134 m 3 /day and − 869 m 3 /day when the groundwater extraction is increased by 25% and 50%, respectively.
Frontiers in Scientific Research and Technology
The desert area southeast of Sohag is a target area for development and agricultural expansion, where the Quaternary aquifer is the main water resource. In this study, a groundwater flow model was developed for groundwater management and forecasting groundwater levels and flow under different conditions. This model was calibrated under transient conditions for the period 2017-2021. The calibrated model was used to predict the groundwater conditions in this area through three different scenarios. The first scenario assumes that the groundwater extraction rates remain the same for 20 years, while the second scenario suggests that extraction rates were doubled. The third scenario considers the role of surface water in groundwater recharge. It supposes the decrease in the River Nile and the Eastern Nag Hammadi Canal levels by 1 and 0.5 m, respectively. The results of these scenarios indicated that the most drawdown is always in the southeastern part of the study area where the majority of wells were drilled, while the minimum drawdown is in the western side close to the Nile floodplain area where feeding from both surface water and adjacent aquifer unit is predominant. Moreover, the maximum drawdown of 10.5 m was observed in the second scenario in the eastern and southeastern parts. In contrast, the western part is expected to be significantly affected by the third scenario, where the flux from surface water to groundwater decrease. It is necessary to rationalize irrigated water consumption by using the appropriate irrigation method.
International journal of signal processing systems, 2015
The exploration of new locations for possible groundwater discharge is required to support the needs of urban and agricultural activities in arid regions, such as the Nuweiba area. The aim of this study is to locate new groundwater wells in the Nuweiba area to alleviate water shortage. We identified several essential factors contributing to groundwater discharge. These factors include textural classification of alluvial deposits, lithological units, surface and subsurface structures, topographic parameters, geomorphological features and land use land cover. We developed a hydrogeological model incorporating these factors. Input data to the model include SPOT5, SRTM, Radarsat-1, ALOS PALSAR, GPR, and geologic and topographic maps. The model ingested these data as rasters and determines weights to integrate the contributing factors spatially. The groundwater potential map was classified to five classes from very poor to very good potential. The classes of groundwater potential map were checked against the distribution of the groundwater wells in Bedouin communities and agriculture areas, which present a general knowledge of groundwater potential in the study area.
Groundwater Management at West El-Minia Desert Area, Egypt Using Numerical Modeling
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2016
Water shortage is the main problem facing any development in Egypt especially in the desert lands. River Nile is considered the main source of water in Egypt but its water covers only the area of flood plain where its tributaries do not reach to the desert. The desert fringes, west of El-Minia governorate, Egypt, are areas of natural expansion for agricultural, industrial, and civil activities. This implies an increasing demand for groundwater. A numerical groundwater model is one of the main tools used for assessment of the resource potential and prediction of future impact under different circumstances and stresses. In this paper, a transient groundwater flow model in the desert district west of El-Minia, Egypt, was developed. The conceptual model was built by analyzing the hydrogeological data and previous work. Steady state model of year 1990 was used to investigate and calibrate the parameters such as hydraulic conductivities, recharge and conductance of the surface water streams. The storage coefficients are calibrated by the transient model based on the available data observed from 1990 to 2013, which provides insights to understand the behavior of groundwater system in Quaternary Aquifer and to predict spatial-temporal distributions of groundwater levels and groundwater flow in responding to extraction of water. The calibrated transient model will be used to predict the impacts of desert development schemes and water resources management schemes on groundwater in the study area.
Hydrogeology Journal, 2011
Systematic planning for groundwater exploration using modern techniques is essential for the proper utilization, protection and management of this vital resource. Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images, a geographic information system (GIS), a watershed modeling system (WMS) and weighted spatial probability modeling (WSPM) were integrated to identify the groundwater potential areas in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. Eight pertinent thematic layers were built in a GIS and assigned appropriate rankings. Layers considered were: rainfall, net groundwater recharge, lithology or infiltration, lineament density, slope, drainage density, depth to groundwater, and water quality. All these themes were assigned weights according to their relative importance to groundwater potentiality and their corresponding normalized weights were obtained based on their effectiveness factors. The groundwater potentiality map was finally produced by WSPM. This map comprises five gradational groundwater potentiality classes ranging from very high to very low. The validity of this unbiased GISbased model was tested by correlating its results with the published hydrogeological map of Egypt and the actual borehole yields, where a concordant justification was reached. The map declared that the Sinai Peninsula is generally of moderate groundwater potentiality, where this class encompasses an area of 33,120km 2 which represents 52% of its total area.
2017
The present study was initiated with the objective of simulating and predicting the effect of future development on the groundwater flow and levels. This supports applications for future planning and wise management of water resources. The study area extends south of El Nubariya canal including Sadat City area and its vicinities in the western Nile delta region. A numerical groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) has been employed to simulate flow and get the budget of groundwater in the study area. The model showed that about 28,101,041 m 3 /day of surface water is infiltrated to groundwater dominantly from canals and excess irrigation water. About the same quantity (28,101,052 m 3 /day), is discharged from groundwater through production wells, open drains and through some reaches of canals. Three development scenarios were simulated to give predictions of the impact of future increasing recharge, construction of new canal and new open drains, and also increased pumping on the groundwater levels in the study area.