Identical, similar or different? Learning about immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from various mouse tissues: bone marrow, spleen, thymus and aorta wall (original) (raw)
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Mesenchymal stem cells: immunobiology and role in immunomodulation and tissue regeneration
Cytotherapy, 2009
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent cells that differentiate into osteoblasts, myocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes as well as insulin-producing cells. The mechanism underlying their in vivo differentiation is not clear and is thought to be caused by spontaneous cell fusion or factors present in the microenvironment. However, their ease of isolation, high 'ex-vivo' expansion potential and ability to differentiate into multiple lineages make them attractive tools for potential use in cell therapy. MSC have been isolated from several tissues, including bone/bone marrow, fat, Wharton's jelly, umbilical cord blood, placenta and pancreas. The 'immunosuppressive' property of human MSC makes them an important candidate for cellular therapy in allogeneic settings. Use of allogeneic MSC for repair of large defects may be an alternative to autologous and allogeneic tissue-grafting procedures. An allogeneic approach would enable MSC to be isolated from any donor, expanded and cryopreserved, providing a readily available source of progenitors for cell replacement therapy.
Immunomodulatory nature and site specific affinity of mesenchymal stem cells: A hope in cell therapy
2014
markers such as CD34, CD45, CD11 or CD14 or costimulatory molecules, CD40, CD80, and CD86 while express CD166, CD29, CD106, and ICAM-1 in various status. 11-17 The International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) has offered several criteria to identify MSCs which are listed as: 1) Plastic adherence while maintaining these cells in standard conditions. 2) Expression of CD73, CD90 and CD105 markers in at least 95% of cell population and lack expression of CD34, CD45, CD14 orCD11b, CD19 or CD79α and HLA-II markers as measured by flow cytometry. 3) Differentiation capability in to adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineage cells in vitro. 18,19 Recent publication is considered exceptions for identifying adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASC) and adipose tissue's stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells. 20 It has been revealed that ASC, similar to the other MSCs, have tri-lineage differentiation potency with a set of markers phenotype (CD73 + , CD90 + , CD105 + , CD36 + , CD44 + , CD106-, CD45-, and CD31-) to distinguish them from bone marrow MSCs. In order to identify the SVFs, these cells are characterizes by the (CD34+, CD45-, CD31-, CD235a-) phenotype and fibroblastoid colony-forming unit assay. 20 In addition to the bone marrow, 21,22 MSCs have been found in other sources, including liver, 23 lung, 24,25 brain, 26 adipose tissue, 22,27-29 peripheral blood, 30 cornea, 31 synovium, 32 thymus, 33 dental pulp, 34,35 periosteum, 36 tendon, 37 spleen, 33 fallopian tube, 38 placenta, 39,40 amniotic fluid, 41 Wharton's jelly, 42 umbilical cord 43,44 and umbilical cord blood. 22,45
Regulation of Immunity via Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Acta Naturae, 2012
Immune cells responsible for inflammation development are involved in tissue damage caused by wounding and various pathologies. Control of immune cell activation could be of significant benefit for regenerative medicine and the treatment of patients with autoimmune and degenerative diseases. It is a proven fact that MCSs (multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells) are capable of suppressing immune responses via the inhibition of dendritic cell maturation and via the restraining of the T, B, and NK cell function in the course of autoimmune diseases and various forms of inflammation. MSCs can be isolated easily from almost every type of tissue or organ and subsequently expanded in vitro. These cells are self-renewable and can be differentiated into various cell types of mesenchymal lineage. The current review contains a collection and critical analysis of data regarding the molecular mechanisms responsible for cross-talk between immune cells and MSCs. Some of these mechanisms can be used ...
Mesenchymal stem cells (MScs), beside regenerative potential, possess immunomodulatory properties and their use in managing immune-mediated diseases is intensively studied. We analyzed the effects of MScs isolated from human adipose tissue (aT-MScs), dental pulp (DP-MScs), peripheral blood (Pb-MScs) and umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (uc-MScs), on the proliferation of allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PbMcs). While only aT-MScs functioned as alloantigen presenting cells, proliferation of PbMcs in response to a phytohemagglutinin (PHa) and alloantigens in mixed lymphocytes reaction (Mlr) was inhibited by all MScs in a cell concentration-dependent manner. conditioned medium (cM) derived from DP-MScs, Pb-MScs and uc-MScs, suppressed the baseline, PHa-and alloantigens-mediated proliferation of PbMc, whereas aT-MScs-derived cM inhibited Mlr, but failed to suppress the spontaneous and PHa-induced PbMcs proliferation. Differences between MSc types were observed in expression of genes related to immunomodulation, including human leukocyte antigens (Hla)-a, Hla-Dr, Hla-G5, interleukin 6 (il)-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, cyclooxygenase-2 (coX-2) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (iDo-1), under basal conditions, as well as in response to proinflammatory cytokines, interferon (iFn)-γ and tumor necrosis factor α (TnF)-α. While aT-MScs showed a positive constitutive expression of almost all tested genes that was augmented in response to iFn-γ and TnF-α, only combined cytokine treatment increased Hla-a, coX2 and il-6 mrna expression in DP-MScs and slightly stimulated the expression of Hla-G and TGF-β in uc-MScs. although MScs from different tissues showed similar potential to suppress proliferation of PbMcs, heterogeneity in the expression of genes related to immunomodulation emphasizes the importance of investigating the role of specific molecular mechanisms in the regulation of immunomodulatory activity of MScs.