Depression among female heads-of-household in rural Mozambique: A cross-sectional population-based survey (original) (raw)
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Women's mental health in Mozambique: is maternity a protective factor?
Global Mental Health, 2022
Globally, women have been shown to have high rates of common mental disorders (CMDs). In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), women face significant challenges related to maternity. However, no study has compared mental health problems among pregnant/post-partum women, childless women of childbearing age, and women with children in a low-income country. We sought to compare the frequency of CMD and suicide risk in a sample of women presenting or accompanying patients in primary care in two Mozambican semi-urban settings. We administered the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview to 853 women, of whom 220 (25.8%) were pregnant/post-partum, 177 (20.8%) were non-pregnant and childless, and 456 (53.5%) were non-pregnant and with children more than 1-year-old. Logistic regression models compared the likelihood of a psychiatric disorder across groups, adjusting for sociodemographic and chronic-illness covariates. We found a high frequency of CMD and suicide risk among all women...
PLOS ONE
Background In populations at high risk of HIV infection, rates of depression can be elevated with far-reaching effects on overall well-being. There is limited research on depression among young women engaged in high-risk sexual behaviour in low and middle-income settings. We investigated the prevalence, correlates and factors associated with mean HSCL depression score among young women at high risk (aged 15–24 years old) in Kampala, Uganda. Methods We conducted a baseline analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Probable depression was measured using the 15-item Hopkins Symptoms Checklist for depression (HSCL). This checklist has been validated in Ugandan populations, and our reliability test gave a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.89. The test was administered to all the participants. Participants whose HSCL mean score was greater than 1.75 were categorized as having probable depression. Socio-demographics and behaviour data were collected and factors associated with mean HSCL dep...
Mental health in Mozambique; a systematic review
International Journal of Family & Community Medicine, 2019
Context: Neuro-psychiatric disorders are the world's highest cause of incapacity. Mental disease in Africa is taboo and stigmatized, making it a challenge of a silent even hidden epidemy. In Sub-Saharan Africa it is estimated that 20% of patients with mental disorders are treated in primary health care centres and 50-75% are not detected in health facilities. In Mozambique, the prevalence of mental disorders and the frequency with which mental patients are treated at health facilities are not known. Objective: To estimate mental and neurologic disorders burden in Mozambique and evaluate access to mental health care services. Methods: A systematic review of research published in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish during 2017 and 2018 was carried out. We also consulted hospital and outpatient clinical files and yearly reports in the health units of national health system. Quantitative and mixed methods articles were subjected to quantitative meta-analysis and the qualitative and mixed methods articles were submitted to thematic and ethnographic analysis for qualitative meta-synthesis. Results: After selecting 130 articles meeting the search criteria we applied eligibility conditions and reviewed 17 quantitative, 6 mixed-methods and 7 qualitative articles. Population perception about mental illness shows that it is considered a consequence of spiritual problems and patients mainly seek out traditional health practitioners. Epilepsy, a neurologic disorder, is referred in Mozambique as the most prevalent mental disorder. The provision of care for the mentally ill by the national health service is far below the needs. The Mozambican Ministry of Health has a good development program for future mental health services. Discussion: We find scarcity of research in the area of mental health, but progress over time. Studies, though mostly of low quality, show a high burden of mental illness in the Mozambican population, which uses traditional medicine due to lack of conventional health services and cultural adaptation of therapeutic procedures. Conclusion: This study contributes to reveal the beliefs and main mental health problems in the Mozambican population and health system. We propose recommendations for preventive activities and the development of mental health services. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero (CRD42018103923).
Research Square (Research Square), 2022
Background. This study concerns the prevalence, risk factors and prevention of depression in the adult population in three sub-counties in Mbarara district. Depression is a common mental disorder which presents with a wide array of symptoms including loss of energy, poor sleep, poor eating habits, fatigue, irritability and social withdrawal. The main objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression and to identify measures that can be implemented to reduce risk factors of the disease among adults in Nyamitanga, Rugando and Rwanyamahembe sub-counties in Mbarara district. Methods. A cross-sectional design was used to capture data from a study sample size of 383 participants who were involved in completion of screening tests for depression. Scores from a 7-item version of Hopkins Symptom Checklist for Depression were averaged and the probable depression determined for each participant using a cutoff of 1.75. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between depression outcomes and socio-demographic, behavioural and medical history variables. Results.
Poverty, life events and the risk for depression in Uganda
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2011
Background Understanding the determinants of major depression in sub-Saharan Africa is important for planning effective intervention strategies. Objective To investigate the social and life-event determinants of major depressive disorder in the African sociocultural context of rural Uganda. Methods A cross-section survey was carried out in 14 districts in Uganda from 1 June 2003 to 30 October 2004. 4,660 randomly selected respondents (15 years and above) were interviewed. The primary outcome was the presence of ‘probable major depressive disorder’ (PMDD) as assessed by the Hopkins symptom checklist. Results The prevalence of PMDD was 29.3% (95% confidence interval, 28.0–30.6%). Factors independently associated with depression in both genders included: the ecological factor, district; age (increase with each age category after 35 years); indices of poverty and deprivation (no formal education, having no employment, broken family, and socioeconomic classes III–V). Only a few adverse life events, notably those suggestive of a disrupted family background (death of a father in females and death of a mother in males) were associated with increased risk. Conclusion Socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors, operating at both ecological and the individual level are the strongest independent determinants of depression. Adverse life events were less strongly associated with depression in this sample.
High-functioning depression among women in South Africa: An exploratory study
Journal of Psychology in Africa
The study estimated the prevalence and trends of chronic depressive symptoms among women in South Africa from the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) data collection waves (2008, 2010, 2012, 2014/2015). NIDS utilised the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale to assess depressive symptoms among adults. From the trend analysis, we observed a decrease in self-reported significant depressive symptoms over the eight-year period in black women (2 .66%), followed by mixed-race (coloured) women (1 .15%). Across race, significant depressive symptoms were associated with socioeconomic status variables such as income, education, and occupational status. Within race, prevalence rates were higher among individuals with low socioeconomic status (lower income, less educated, and less skilled occupations). Black women were at a higher risk of exhibiting highfunctioning depression due to their overrepresentation among low socioeconomic stats individuals. Symptom prevalence may be explained largely by psychosocial stressors in patriarchal legacy communities.