A profile of menstrual disorders in a private set up (original) (raw)
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Topic:- Prevalence of various menstrual disorders among females in the reproductive age-group of Kashmir. Background:- The onset of menstruation is part of the maturation process. Menstrual health plays a key role in women’s sexual and reproductive life. However, variability in menstrual cycle characteristics and menstrual disorders are common. Changes in the menstrual pattern of woman may affect her physical, psychological and social well-being and may result in work-related problems. Menstrual disorders create great anxiety among the females Aim:- This study was under taken with aim to estimate burden of various menstrual disorders among females in the reproductive age-group Study Design: - Cross-sectional study Methodology: - Females in the reproductive age group of Block Hazratbal were interviewed as per pretested questionnaire about menstruation and menstrual disorders. Results:- Total 810 females participated in the study. The mean age of the females was 26.56 (± 8.65) years. Majority of females were literate and studied up to 10th standard (31%), lived in nuclear families (59%) & were unmarried (59%). the females belonged to the upper lower middle class families(43%) and were students(32%).The mean age of menarche in our population was 13.05 ± 1.23 years. In this study 10 % females had irregular periods. The mean duration of bleeding was 4.89 ± 1.45 days. Dysmenorrhea was most common menstrual disorder present in 51% females followed by PMS (48%) and menorrhagia (24%). Conclusion:- Menstrual problems are common in Kashmiri females. Menstrual morbidities constitute an important unmet area of reproductive health services for women and attention should be given to inclusion of diagnosis and treatment of menstrual complaints within reproductive health care programs.
UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, 2023
Background: Menstruation is a critical phenomenon in women’s life. However, variability in menstrual cycle characteristics and menstrual disorders are common. The purpose of this study was to determine the menstrual characteristics of females, its association with disorders and complications and overall female health. Methods: The study was conducted to evaluate the menstruation disorders and common female complications and its severity in females and its effect on their regular activities. This is a cross-sectional study; conducted on 303 females in Darjeeling Himalayan region, structured questionnaires were used to gather the socio- demographic data, age at menarche, regularity in menses and dysfunctions. Data was analyzed using spss-16 and excel-2019. Results: In the study mean age of menarche was found to be 12.94±1.69 year and menopause ages 45.4±6.45 years. Menarche and menopause age shows positive relation. The majority 59.1% (179) experienced dysmenorrhea, 33% menorrhagia, 2...
Menstrual Pattern and Disorders among Female Students of Kathmandu Medical College
2017
Introduction: Menstrual disturbances are common gynecological problem faced by many adolescent females. Female medical students are no exception. It not only interferes with their physical activity, it forces them to skip their regular classes. Study objective was to know the menstrual pattern and disorders among female medical students of Kathmandu medical college. Material and Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted among 171 female students of basic sciences, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Duwakot from March to May 2017. Pre-designed structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: The mean age of study population was 19.81±1.05 years. The menarche age of the students was 12.95±1.08 years. 33.3% of students had irregular menstrual cycle which was associated with BMI. The majority of the students (67.3%) complained of premenstrual symptoms. About half (53.8%) of study population reported incidence of dysmenorrhea. Significant association was found between dysmenorrhea and class absenteeism (p<0.05). Conclusion: High prevalence of menstrual disorders was reported in the medical students which resulted in class absenteeism. Educating students about menstrual health by trained health professionals and teachers can help in reducing their psychological and physical stress.
Neglect of Menstrual Disorders in Reproductive Health Care in India A Population Based Survey.pdf
Women's Reproductive Health, 2019
Menstrual health problems are a largely neglected priority within the sexual and reproductive health domain in most low-income coun- tries. We examined the prevalence of menstrual health problems and their association with various socio-economic, demographic, and reproductive health factors using a population-based survey. Pain during menstruation (5.6%) and irregular menstrual cycles (4.3%) were the most common menstrual problems reported. The odds of reporting menstrual problems were higher among women who had had an abortion, had reproductive tract infections, and had ever used contraception, after we controlled for confounds. Findings of the study reinforce the need to provide menstrual health care serv- ices at the primary level.
Neglect of Menstrual Disorders in Reproductive Health Care in India: A Population-Based Survey
Women's Reproductive Health, 2018
Menstrual health problems are a largely neglected priority within the sexual and reproductive health domain in most low-income countries. We examined the prevalence of menstrual health problems and their association with various socioeconomic , demographic, and reproductive health factors using a population-based survey. Pain during menstruation (5.6%) and irregular menstrual cycles (4.3%) were the most common menstrual problems reported. The odds of reporting menstrual problems were higher among women who had had an abortion, had reproductive tract infections, and had ever used contraception, after we controlled for confounds. Findings of the study reinforce the need to provide menstrual health care services at the primary level.
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2016
INTRODUCTION Menstruation is a part and parcel of women's physiology starting of which is associated with a number of physical, hormonal, and psychological changes in the body of adolescent girls. These changes mostly results in a lot of stress and physical problems in the girls. Menstruation is dealt with secrecy in most of the underdeveloped and developing countries including India. Discussion on menstruation and menstrual problems is regarded as taboo especially among rural communities. A study on Indian women by Narayan et al revealed that young girls are generally told nothing about Menstruation. 1 Hence, knowledge and information about reproductive functioning and reproductive health problems amongst the adolescent is poor. 2,3 No wonder that menses is associated with many complaints in girls. These complaints are mostly related to either flow of blood or ABSTRACT Background: Menses is associated with many complaints in girls. Very little work is done on prevalence of menstrual problems among Indian population. Problem of pain is by far the most common problem reported by majority of girls. This has an impact on public and occupational health. In India the girls hesitate to discuss these problems even with their parents. Thus most of the time either they do not take any medication to resolve their problem, or take some pills on their own to get relief. Finding out the common menstrual problems and the pattern of medication use will be helpful in planning a health care program for the population. Objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of common menstrual complaints among undergraduate students of Moradabad region and to assess the pattern of medication, used by them, for these complaints. Methods: 396 female first year students pursuing undergraduate course were studied with the help of a structured pilot tested questionnaire. Results: 93.4% girls were found to have some or the other complaint during menstruation. Body-ache (64%) was the most common complaint reported followed by pain in abdomen (59%) and backache (57%). 37.9% subjects reported to use some medicine for menstrual problems. 65.3% of those who used medicine used it for pain in abdomen, either alone or in combination with some other complaints. Only 23.9% of those belonging to rural background consulted doctor before using medicine, as against 48.3% of those belonging to urban background. Conclusions: Present study shows a high prevalence of medical problems during menstruation. Mostly medicines were used for the pain in abdomen either alone or in combination with other complaints. Menstrual problems constitute an important unmet area of reproductive health services. Packages of reproductive health care should include modules for education, diagnosis and treatment of most menstrual morbidities.
Correlates of menstrual problems among rural college students of Satara district
2013
Background: Menstruation, an important part of female reproductive cycle but menstrual dysfunction in adolescent girls may affect normal life of adolescent and young adult women. Objectives: To study the frequency of common menstrual problems and to determine the association between patterns of menstrual cycles with common menstrual problems, nutritional and economic status of rural college girls. Methodology: Cross Sectional study was conducted among college girls of rural area of Satara district, western Maharashtra, India during month of Jan-February 2011.107, age between 17-20 years from educational course of first year B.A. & B.COM. Data was collected by personal interview method and clinical examination of respondents with the help of pretested structured proforma, Weighing machine, Height measuring scale, Haemoglobin assessment strips. Results: Out of 107 girls,79 girls (73.8%) had regular menstrual cycles whereas 28 (26.1%) had irregular menstruation cycles with mean age at menarche 14.1 yrs. 40(37.3%) girls had normal (average) menstrual bleeding whereas scanty and heavy bleeding was seen in 61(57%) and 6(5.6%) girls. Duration of menstrual bleeding for 1-2 days was seen in 75(70%) girls whereas >5 days in 7(6.5%) girls. Dysmenorrhoea observed in 24(22.4%) girls, Anemia seen in 62(57.9%) girls, Under nutrition in 52(48.5%) girls, Obesity in 7(6.5%) while 42(39.2%) girls belonged to lower socioeconomic class. Significant statistical association existed between type of menstrual cycle and anemia, nutritional status, amount of bleeding and dysmenorrhoea. Conclusion: Menstrual health is fundamental to women's sexual and reproductive health. The present study has established mean age at menarche 14.1year. Poor nutritional status, anemia, low socioeconomic status often associated with menstrual problems, menstrual cycle regularity and mean age at menarche.
IJOPAAR, 2019
Menstrual problems are the major gynaecological problems which occur frequently in majority of female. Menstrual problems affect the physiology, psychology and well-being of a female. By knowing what type of symptoms and when to expect symptoms, help female to schedule her activities. The problems may be due to heredity or hormonal imbalance. A study was conducted with 125 females of in and around Bengaluru, within the age group of 12-35 years, to understand better about the common menstrual problems faced by female during their menstrual period. The survey identified about menstruation, and limited options for alleviating their menstrual discomfort. The survey revealed that choice of products used to manage menstruation (either cloth or disposable pad) is mostly influenced by cost factors, comfort and habit as well as cultural restrictions. Females are largely not aware of the environmental impact.
BIBECHANA, 2018
Introduction: Menstruation, a normal physiological process in reproductive life of female still has many misconceptions. Knowledge of menstrual hygiene and menstrual sanitation practices affects the health of female. Lack of awareness on menstrual care practice is a challenge for community health. Objective: The objective of this study was to find knowledge and practice on menstrual hygiene; and perspective of Chaupadi (menstrual shed) among the reproductive age group female. Methodology: A community based mixed method study having cross sectional study as quantitative domain and phenomenological study as qualitative domain was conducted in Maranthana community of Pyuthan district of mid-western Nepal from April 2016-September 2016. Using convenient sampling techniques, 109 participants were included for cross sectional study and five of them who experienced Chaupadi were enrolled for phenomenological study. One eligible participant form each household was taken after getting informed voluntary consent. Collected data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed by SPSS and NVivo software. Results: Regarding knowledge, 73.7% were aware on the right age of menarche. Almost 93% were aware on possible pregnancy after initiation of menstruation. Many of them (34.9%) were informed on menstruation by friends. Almost half (45.9%) had negative belief of use of old clean cloth during menstrual flow. Regarding practice, only 40.4% used sanitary pad during their menstrual flow. Most (65.1%) of them did not dispose,16.5% bury in nearby ground and 18.4% burn. More than half (60.6%) used soap-water to clean genitalia. Remedial measures adopted during menstruation were taking adequate rest (44%), seeking medical advice (22.9%) and drinking plenty of fluid (13.8%). Different traditional practice followed were use of separate utensils (64.2%), not allowed to see sun (75.8%), restriction to- go outside (71.6%), cook food (56%), usual food intake (56.9%), worship (74.3%), eat with others (27.5%), sleep in usual bedroom (27.5%) and touch male members (28.4%). Most (94.5%) of them experienced Chaupadi (Menstrual Shed) during their menarche. The phenomenological approach found that Chaupadi was common. They had various infections and ill health. Mother groups were advocating to eliminate Chaupadi in their locality. Conclusion: The know-do gap on menstruation was evident. Despite increasing awareness, people were still following traditional cultural practices. BIBECHANA 16 (2019) 228-235
Scientific Reports, 2023
Menstruation is a natural phenomenon for every female, starting from adolescents to menopausal age. Any disturbances in menstrual patterns can eventually affect one's physical as well as psychological health which in turn hamper the quality of life of women. Several factors including genetic predisposition as well as lifestyle modifications adversely affect normal menstrual patterns. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the prevalence of menstrual disorders among adolescents and young women as well as the associated risk factors. A cross-sectional random survey was conducted from January 2020 to January 2022 in various schools and colleges. A structured questionnaire was prepared which include anthropometric details, demographic information, and lifestyle patterns. The data were extracted for further statistical analysis. In the overall study population, the prevalence of PCOS, Dysmenorrhea, Menorrhagia, Polymenorrhea, Hypomenorrhea and the irregular menstrual cycle was found at 14.14%, 15.14%, 6.29%, 3.70%, 5.16% and 44.83% respectively. The mean BMI of the study population was 19.949 ± 4.801 kg/m 2 and the mean WHr was 0.872 ± 0.101, indicating a moderate to high risk of metabolic disorder among the study population. Increased BMI, short sleep, and sedentary and vigorous physical activity can contribute to the risk of developing menstrual disorders. Unhealthy food habits are a major risk factor for menstrual disorders. Lifestyle modifications like healthy food habits, sleeping patterns, physical activity, etc. can effectively reduce the risk of menstrual disorders and also cut down the severity of more complex health problems. In-depth biochemical and molecular analysis is required to identify specific biomarkers. Menstruation is a universal biological phenomenon for any female through which a woman spends 1/5th portion of her reproductive life. While some women go through their monthly periods without fears or minor discomfort, others experience huge physical and emotional symptoms, before and during menstruation, and the Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique (FIGO) termed this disturbance as the Menstrual Disorder 1. Generally, menstrual disorder includes amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding (menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, hypomenorrhea), dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome, etc. Studies showed that nowadays menstrual disorders are common mostly among adolescents and become less frequent after 3-5 years of menarche 2-4. With menstruation, lots of myths and misconceptions are still associated to such an extent that it even affects the quality of life, along with other dimensions of life such as education, religious beliefs and health issues 5,6. Hitherto there is plenty of research conducted all over the world to explore the prevalence of menstrual disorders and the menstrual pattern across diverse ethnicities. It has been found that menstrual abnormalities were highly influenced by genetic predisposition 7 , lifestyle patterns like dietary habits 8-10 , physical activity 11-13 , sleeping habits 14,15 , environmental exposures 16,17 , etc. However, in developing countries like India, female reproductive health is a big challenging area of research because of lack of awareness, social stigma, etc. Though some