Desulfurization of liquid fuel via extraction with imidazole-containing deep eutectic solvent (original) (raw)
Related papers
International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, 2015
The extractive desulfurization of simulated fuel containing dibenzothiophene (DBT) and thiophene as sulfur compounds was carried out using SnCl 2 .2H 2 Obased Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed for the quantitative monitoring of the sulfur compounds in the fuel. The results showed that the DES exhibits higher desulfurization efficiency for DBT than thiophene. Optimum extraction conditions have it that, extraction efficiencies as high as 69.57% and 47.28% can be achieved with the solvent in a single stage for DBT and thiophene respectively. The work has not only shown that SnCl 2 .2H 2 Obased DESs can be used in desulfurization of liquid fuels but also proved their promising desulfurization ability in the presence of multi-component fuel.
Fuel, 2018
Ionic liquids (ILs) are intensively studied in the oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel, where ILs act as both extractants and catalysts with adding another oxidant such as H 2 O 2 solution. Some thiophenic sulfur compounds can be effectively removed from some model diesel fuels with this method, while it is hard to reduce the sulfur content to a desirable level like less than 10 ppm with this method when people investigated the real diesel fuels. In this work, we developed a new combination desulfurization method, first oxidative desulfurization by ILs as both extractants and catalysts with 30 w% H 2 O 2 as oxidant, then followed by desulfurization by solvent extraction. Four ILs and ten solvents were investigated for real diesel fuels. The effects of different factors on desulfurization performance were systematically studied, e.g., ILs species, solvents species, temperature, time, IL/oil mass ratio, extractant/oil mass ratio, multiple desulfurization, regeneration of ILs and solvents. The results show such a combination method is effective to reduce the sulfur content in real diesel fuels to a desirable level, e.g., the sulfur content in FCC diesel fuel was reduced to 8.1 ppm from original 150 ppm after one step oxidation by [(CH 2) 4 SO 3 HMIm][Tos] (ILs/oil mass ratio of 1/2; 3 h, 348.15 K, O/S molar ratio of 40/1) and two-step extraction by DMF (extractant/oil mass ratio 1/2, 30 min, 298.15 K). ILs and solvents can be regenerated and recycled with negligible activity loss.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Deep removal of sulfur from model liquid fuels using 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride
Ionic liquids (ILs) as one kind of green solvents was studied and applied more and more with the development of green technology because of their unique physical and chemical properties. The removal of sulfur from liquid fuel using ionic liquids has been studied. The desulfurization efficiency of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Bmim]Cl has been tested. The effects of ionic liquid loading, extraction temperature and extraction time on the removal of dibenzothiophene from different model liquid fuels n-dodecane, n-octane, nhexane, and n-heptane were investigated. The highest extraction with 77.15% sulfur removal efficiency in a single stage extraction process was observed. Also the [Bmim]Cl can be reused in extraction without regeneration with considerable extraction effeicency .
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2017
The ionic liquid (IL) 1-octly-3-methylimidazolium persulfate [OMIM] 2 [S 2 O 8 ] was synthesized via anion exchange reaction between 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [OMIM]Br and potassium persulfate salt (K 2 S 2 O 8). Thermal analysis of [OMIM] 2 [S 2 O 8 ] showed high oxidation reactivity due to decomposition of persulfate anion at relatively low temperature (95 °C). [OMIM] 2 [S 2 O 8 ] was employed as a bifunctional ionic liquid (BFIL) in the extractive-oxidative desulfurization (EODS) process of model oil, gasoline and diesel fuels, where the BFIL acted as both extractant and oxidant. Different factors of reaction time, temperature and mass ratio of BFIL/model oil which affect EODS process of model oil composed of dodecane and dibenzothiophene (DBT) mixture (1000 ppm) were studied. The results showed high desulfurization ability of the BFIL, where 97.8 % of DBT was removed under moderate reaction conditions (60 °C, 180 min and BFIL/model oil mass ratio of 1:1). A mechanism was proposed for the EODS process of model oil using BFIL at 25 °C. Also, EODS results for gasoline and diesel fuels with a sulfur content of 500 and 12000 ppm respectively revealed high efficiency of the BFIL, where it could lower the sulfur content of gasoline and diesel fuels to 30 and 49.2 ppm respectively.
Desulfurization of Gasoline Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Tetrabutylammonium Bromide
J. Chem. Eng. Data
The present study investigated the viability of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to extract dibenzothiophene (DBT) from model gasoline (iso-octane). Tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB)-based DES showed significant DBT extraction capability from the model fuel oil. Furthermore, the sigma profile confirmed that all TBAB-based DES had a significant capacity for DBT extraction from the model oil. The affinity order for the TBABbased DES is as follows: TBAB/TEG (tri-ethylene glycol) > TBAB/PA (propionic acid) > TBAB/EG (ethylene glycol). To achieve maximum DBT extraction, the influencing parameters were adjusted, and 89% DBT extraction was achieved using the optimum conditions of oil to DES volume ratio of 1:1, with a DBT concentration of 500 ppm, residence time of 30 min, an extraction temperature of 303 K, and extraction stirring speed of 200 rpm.
Quantum Chemical Evaluation of Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extractive Desulfurization of Fuel
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2018
Sulfur compounds in fuels are converted to SO x during combustion, poisoning automotive catalytic converters and creating serious environmental concerns (e.g., acid rain). The efficient desulfurization of liquid fuel is thus a critical step toward minimizing SO x emissions and their associated environmental impact. To address this problem, governments worldwide have passed stringent legislation regulating the maximal sulfur levels allowable in fuels. In the petroleum refining industry, the conventional method for removing sulfur from fuel is catalytic hydrodesulfurization which, while highly efficient for removing mercaptans, thioethers and disulfides, shows limited performance in removing aromatic organosulfur compounds exemplified by dibenzothiophene. To meet these strict environmental targets, innovative strategies beyond hydrodesulfurization for the deep desulfurization of fuel are sought. One key strategy entails the oxidation of refractory organosulfur compounds in liquid fuel, coupled with
Fuel, 2021
Increase in the requirement of energy consumption has been followed by a consistent rise in sulfur emission with economic and health issues. Moreover, it considerably decreases the efficacy of developed emission control systems of diesel engines, thus ultimately harms the atmosphere. It leads to a strict sulfur discharge limit to approximately 15 ppm and sequentially served as a goal for investigating different desulfurization technologies. Hydrodesulfurization, a conventional refinery desulfurization process is operated at higher pressure and temperature, employing expensive catalysts and hydrogen gas. This review aims to consider the merits and demerits of main areas of the substitute desulfurization processes, comprising adsorptive, extractive, oxidative, and biodesulfurization and comprehensively discuss the role of DESs emphasizing on the factors affecting in extractive and oxidative desulfurization. Different factors such as DESs selection, extraction temperature, extraction time, DESs regeneration, and multistage extractions are considered that affect the desulfurization efficiency. Deep eutectic solvents explored in 2001, a less toxic solvent have been keenly investigated as an alternative solvent for extractive desulfurization since 2013. DESs showed a higher capability for sulfur elimination. Low synthetic cost and economical raw materials, less solvent to feed ratio, and valuable green characteristics show DESs suitable for the desulfurization process.
Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2016
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate [BMIM]SCN has been presented on extractive desulfurization of liquid fuel. The FTIR, 1H-NMR, and C-NMR have been discussed for the molecular confirmation of synthesized [BMIM]SCN. Further, thermal, conductivity, moisture content, viscosity, and solubility analyses of [BMIM]SCN were carried out. The effects of time, temperature, sulfur compounds, ultrasonication, and recycling of [BMIM]SCN on removal of dibenzothiophene from liquid fuel were also investigated. In extractive desulfurization, removal of dibenzothiophene in n-dodecane was 86.5 % for mass ratio of 1:1 in 30 min at 30 °C under the mild process conditions. [BMIM]SCN could be reused five times without a significant decrease in activity. Also, in the desulfurization of real fuels, multistage extraction was examined. The data and results provided in the present paper explore the significant insights of imidazolium-based ionic liquids as novel extractant for extractive desulfurization of...
Ionic Liquids: Environmentally Benign Solvent for Extractive Deep-desulfurization of Liquid Fuels
In order to obtain the ultra-low sulfur fuels, deep desulfurization of fuels has become a vital subject of environmental studies. Extraction desulfurization system is one of the most promising desulfurization processes. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible use of Ionic liquids as an extractant for the removal of dibenzothiophene. Ionic Liquids as green solvents have recently been undergoing intensive research on the removal of thiophenic sulfur species from liquid fuels because of the limitations of the tradition hydrodesulfurization process in removing these species. In this work, deep extractive desulfurization of liquid fuels by Ten ILs were screened and employed as promising extractants for liquid fuel containing dibenzothiophene. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [BMIM]Br was the most promising and novel ILs and performed the best among the studied ILs under the same operating conditions. It can remove DBT from the liquid fuel in the single stage extraction process with the maximum desulfurization efficiency