Effect of Some Aromatic Oils and Chemical Acaricides on the Mechanical Defense Behavior of Honey Bees Against Varroa Invasion and Relationship with … (original) (raw)
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Essential oils and their components are generally known for their acaricidal effects and are used as an alternative to control the population of the Varroa destructor instead of synthetic acaricides. However, for many essential oils, the exact acaricidal effect against Varroa mites, as well as the effect against honey bees, is not known. In this study, 30 different essential oils were screened by using a glass-vial residual bioassay. Essential oils showing varroacidal efficacy > 70% were tested by the complete exposure assay. A total of five bees and five mites were placed in the Petri dishes in five replications for each concentration of essential oil. Mite and bee mortality rates were assessed after 4, 24, 48, and 72 h. The LC50 values and selectivity ratio (SR) were calculated. For essential oils with the best selectivity ratio, their main components were detected and quantified by GC-MS/MS. The results suggest that the most suitable oils are peppermint and manuka (SR > 9),...
Stress responses of honey bees to organic acid and essential oil treatments against varroa mites
Journal of Apicultural Research, 2017
Natural medicines such as formic acid, oxalic acid, thymol and menthol have recently been used as alternative treatments against the honey bee parasitic mite varroa. The aim of this study was to observe and examine their impact on Heat Shock Proteins (HSP 70) in the brain tissues of bees. For this purpose, seven different treatment groups were created using various concentrations and administrations of formic and oxalic acid and thymol-menthol mixtures, including positive (untreated) and negative controls. The results showed that in the groups exposed to the varroa treatments, HSP 70 results were lower than those of the non-treated groups. HSP 70 results were lowest in the thymol-menthol mixture exposed group among the treated groups. We conclude that it would be more beneficial to prefer natural medicines against varroa, which lead to lower HSP 70 results which are the molecular determinants of stress. Respuestas de estré s de las abejas de la miel a tratamientos con ácidos orgánicos y aceites esenciales contra los ácaros de varroa Recientemente se han usado las medicinas naturales como el ácido fó rmico, el ácido oxálico, el timol y el mentol como tratamientos alternativos contra el ácaro varroa parásito de la abeja de la miel. El objeto de este estudio fue observar y examinar su impacto en las proteínas de estrés térmico (PET 70) en los tejidos cerebrales de las abejas. Con este propó sito, se establecieron siete grupos con diferentes tratamientos usando varias concentraciones y administraciones de las mezclas de ácido fó rmico con ácido oxálico y de timol-mentol, incluyendo controles positivo (sin tratar) y negativo. Los resultados mostraron que en los grupos expuestos a tratamientos de varroa, los niveles de PET 70 fueron más bajos que para los grupos sin tratar. Los resultados de PET 70 fueron más bajos en el grupo expuesto a la mezcla timol-mentol entre los grupos tratados. Concluimos que sería más beneficioso preferir las medicinas naturales contra la varroa, que llevan a unos resultados más bajos en las PET 70, que son los determinantes moleculares del estrés.
Acarines: Journal of the Egyptian Society of Acarology, 2008
The efficacy of essential oils i.e. geranium oil, lemon oil, mint oil, chamomile oil and black cumin oil, used alone or in mixtures, compared with a chemical insecticide, mitac, against Varroa mite was evaluated. The infestation levels of these substances were evaluated in honeybee colonies during October, November and December 2005 in Giza Governorate. Cotton strips, saturated with the tested substances, were hanged between the middle combs in all treatments. The efficacy rate of geranium oil, lemon oil, mixture of (geranium, lemon, chamomile and mint oils) and mixture of (lemon, black cumin and mint oils), in comparison with mitac was 37.27%, 32.56%, 37.59%, 36.27% and 53.64% respectively. This study indicates that using mixture of essential oils was more suitable with cotton strips in controlling Varroa mite. Genetic improvement by using hybrid queens between Apis mellifera carnica (drones) and Apis mellifera lamerkii (virgins), proved to be an effective and reliable method for the control of Varroa destructor. Cultural control by lemon oil or added to sugar solution was used in feeding the colonies, especially in winter. Putting the colonies in citrus garden and cultivation of geranium or chamomile around apiaries (these new cultural control) were added to IPM programmes for control Varroa mite.
Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences
The Caraway, Carum carvi essential oil was assessed to behave as natural control of bee parasitic mite, Varroa destructor during fall season instead of chemicals methods. Caraway oil (100%) was used and compared to the synthetic acaricide; Apistan. The number of fallen mites and infestation percentages on both adult and brood were estimated regarding the effects of essential oil on honeybees Apis mellifera. The essential oil from C. carvi seeds were extracted by hydro distillation and characterized by GC/MS. Sixteen compounds were identified representing; 97.33% of the oil. The predominant components were Limonene (38.81%), Carvone (35.43 %), α-Myrcene (7.3%), Dihydrocarvone (5.58%) and Limonene oxide (5.13%). The infestation reduction percentages, recorded with Caraway oil, reached 84.42% and 70.65% on adult and brood workers after 21 days of treatments with no statistical difference with Apistan. The mean numbers of fallen Varroa mites were (67.67) and (74.65) in hives treated by essential oil and Apistan, respectively. The immune response of honeybee workers and pupa revealed significant elevation in phenol oxidase activity with Caraway oil however, remarkable inhibition in the enzyme activity observed with workers exposed to Apistan. The comet assay performed on worker honeybee as a biomarker of DNA damage; revealed statistically significant increase in DNA damage caused with Apistan (20.1%) and infested bee (21.64 %) compared to corresponding one treated with Caraway essential oil (12.4%) and control (9.6%). Caraway essential oil proved a safe way as natural controlling of Varoaa destructive with keep guard of honeybee social life and fit into IPM programs
Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2020
The Varroa mite, Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Arachnida: Acari: Varroidae), is a severe external parasitic mite of honeybees that causes great losses of colonies globally. Four concentrations (1, 2%, 5, and 10%) of Jatropha curcas oil were tested for controlling the Varroa mite. Significant effects of reducing percentage of the mite infestation (P = 0.05) after second treatment for sealed brood and after third treatment for adult workers in all tested concentrations of J. curcas were recorded. The low concentrations 1 and 2% of J. curcas were more effective than the higher ones 5 and 10% on reduction of percentage of Varroa mite infestation. Moreover, the colonies treated with the lowest concentrations of jatropha oil had the highest amount of brood area (75.75 and 77.50 inch 2) and the highest number of combs covered with bees compared with the colonies treated with the concentrations 5 and 10%. Treated colonies with the concentrations 1, 10, and 5% had a high amount of stored honey and pollen grains, 126.50, 111, and 96 inch 2 and 11.25, 9.75, and 9.75 inch 2 , respectively. Obtained results encourage researchers to study deeply the ability of using jatropha oil in the widely field of Apicultural.
Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2020
The Varroa mite, Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Arachnida: Acari: Varroidae), is a severe external parasitic mite of honeybees that causes great losses of colonies globally. Four concentrations (1, 2%, 5, and 10%) of Jatropha curcas oil were tested for controlling the Varroa mite. Significant effects of reducing percentage of the mite infestation (P = 0.05) after second treatment for sealed brood and after third treatment for adult workers in all tested concentrations of J. curcas were recorded. The low concentrations 1 and 2% of J. curcas were more effective than the higher ones 5 and 10% on reduction of percentage of Varroa mite infestation. Moreover, the colonies treated with the lowest concentrations of jatropha oil had the highest amount of brood area (75.75 and 77.50 inch 2) and the highest number of combs covered with bees compared with the colonies treated with the concentrations 5 and 10%. Treated colonies with the concentrations 1, 10, and 5% had a high amount of stored honey and pollen grains, 126.50, 111, and 96 inch 2 and 11.25, 9.75, and 9.75 inch 2 , respectively. Obtained results encourage researchers to study deeply the ability of using jatropha oil in the widely field of Apicultural.
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2014
To evaluate the acaricidal effects of some plant oils and tobacco extract on Varroa destructor mites, a study was conducted in laboratory as well as in bee hives at Honeybee Research Institute, NARC, Islamabad. In the lab experiments, clove oil and tobacco extract both proved to be equally effective against mites. The treatments were significantly effective when applied in 5% as compared to 10 and 15% concentrations. The most effective combination was clove oil and tobacco extract when used in 5% concentration for 24 h. In the field experiment all the oils/extract individually and in combinations confirmed clove oil + tobacco extract (T14) the best combination with 96.48±0.52 efficacy. The honey produced in kg was found maximum 20.5±0.29 in treatment T14. The highest number of fallen Varroa mites 381.67±24.31 was also occurred in T14 treatment and difference between the treatments was highly significant. No queens were lost and there was no adult honeybee mortality in any of the col...
Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2021
Objectives: Ensuring adequate treatments for acaricide efficacy to combat mite infestation is a prerequisite for healthy honeybees and a good yield of hive products. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of the mode of application on efficiency of two acaricides; Vapcozin-20 (amitraz) and Mavrik 2F (fluvalinate) against Varroa mite infesting brood and adult honeybees. Methods: To do so, we used 21 honeybee colonies (3 colony per treatment) between December 2018 and March 2019. Varroacides were applied by three different methods: cotton strips (impregnated in each tested acaricide solution for 24 h) or direct spraying (5 mL for each colony) or using carton paper (impregnated in each tested acaricide solution for 5 min) then put directly on the top of brood combs. All treatments were applied twice at a month interval. We also quantified acaricides residues in honey and beeswax after 1, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of acaricides treatment. Results: The different application methods of both acaricides against V. destructor showed relatively similar efficiencies in both brood and adult honeybees that ranged from 93.8 to 100% for Mavrik 2F and from 83.75 to 96.37% for Vapcozin with no significant differences between different application methods. Fluvalinate residues detected in both honey and wax collected from colonies treated with the strips method, exceeded the maximum residue limits (0.05 ppm for both honey and wax) according to EU Pesticides database. While amitraz residues were not detected in any colonies treated with Vapcozin-20 after 3 months of treatment, regardless of the application method. Conclusions: The three different methods of application of Mavrik 2F and Vapcozin-20 showed great efficiency for the control of Varroa mite, however the application of both miticides using carton paper method was the most appropriate because it showed very minimal acaricides residues.