Seismic hazard analysis of Lucknow considering local and active seismic gaps (original) (raw)
Seismicity and vulnerability in Himalayas: the case of Himachal Pradesh, India
Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2010
Seismicity in Himalayas is much in evidence. Historical records reveal that devastating earthquakes have been a regular feature of the entire Himalayan system. Besides providing knowledge of what happened in the past these historical records hold clues that might be of great significance for assessing risk potential associated with seismicity. Earthquakes cause tremendous loss to life and property all around the world every year. The amount of loss in terms of life, property and the disruption of key infrastructure and facilities has been rising continuously. Although there are no strong evidences that suggest a rise in seismic activities, the increasing population concentration in seismically sensitive zones has raised the degree of human vulnerability to such events underscoring the need for their study. Historical records on seismicity show that a large number of earthquakes have occurred in the western Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh since times immemorial. An evaluation of the location and distribution of earthquakes in the study area and the potential human population which may be vulnerable has been carried out. Historic seismicity in Himachal Pradesh from has been studied from the ancient period to the beginning of 21st century. Defining where the vulnerable population resides is one of the key questions for disaster mitigation and prevention policies. The vulnerable population with respect to seismicity in the state has been mapped based on information from ancient Indian literature, historical archives, books, memoirs and catalogues prepared by various scholars and organizations and the patterns of population concentration. The results underline that very high seismic zones coincide with the areas of high population concentration and these are the areas in need of effective intervention and specific action for reducing the impact of this disaster.
Sitharam T., Jakka R., Kolathayar S. (eds) Latest Developments in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering, Springer, Singapore, 2021
Seismic Risk Map of the Indian Subcontinent presented here places the tectonic ensemble of Westcentral Himalaya, Indo-Gangetic Foredeep, Bengal Basin, Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya upto Northeast India including Bhutan in ‘High’ to ‘Severe’ Risk thus rendering it a model case study for site-specific seismic hazard study based on an enriched surface and in-situ downhole Geotechnical and Geophysical database of with a new regional fifth degree nonlinear power law polynomial combining shear wave velocity with Geology, Geomorphology, Landform and Topography, a set of new lithology-based depth-dependent SPT-N value derived/in-situ downhole seismic measurement yielded shear wave velocity categorizing the region into Site Classes E, D4, D3, D2, D1, C4, C3, C2, C1, B and A with spectral amplifications 5.8, 4.8, 4.2, 3.9, 3.3, 2.58, 2.2, 1.87, 1.81, 1.3 and 1.0 respectively at the predominant frequency varying between 1.41 to 8.5 Hz as envisaged through nonlinear soil-structure interaction modeling which is seen to influence the surface consistent PGA and PSA significantly with multifold enhanced design response spectra of the region and also brought in focus the issues of induced seismic catastrophe in terms of liquefaction hazard evidenced in the city of Amritsar, Agra, Kolkata, Dhaka, Guwahati, and landslide in Gangtok presented here. In order to understand the implications of this seismic hazard its impact is quantified through SELENA-based building damage and casualty assessment in the city of Amritsar, Kolkata, Dhaka, Gangtok and Guwahati thus providing a unique seismic hazard-disaster model to be put in place for pre-disaster preparedness through updated urban bye-laws and post-disaster mitigation.
Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis of " GORAKHPUR " Region
Many earthquakes have been knowledgeable in Indian peninsular shield, which was previously treated to be seismically steady. Seismic risk assessment refers to an evaluation of ground motion parameters at a particular area by considering some past earthquake evidence. In the current study seismic risk assessment is performed for the " Gorakhpur " city. It is a highly seismic prone area. It comes under zone IV. The manuscript presents the resolve of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and maximum credible earthquake (MCE). MCE has been dogged by taking into account the local seismotectonic movement in a propos 350 km radius about Gorakhpur city. The seismic risk in provisions of peak horizontal acceleration was estimated to be 0.312g using attenuation model by " Sharma " (2000) and 0.032g using attenuation model by " Iyenger and Raghukanth " (2004). The calculated peak horizontal acceleration in the nearby reading is in verification with the observed values of Nepal earthquakes and is furthermore similar to standards reported in additional studies.
Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of NW and central Himalayas and the adjoining region
Journal of Earth System Science, 2015
The Himalayan region has undergone significant development and to ensure safe and secure progress in such a seismically vulnerable region there is a need for hazard assessment. For seismic hazard assessment, it is important to assess the quality, consistency, and homogeneity of the seismicity data collected from different sources. In the present study, an improved magnitude conversion technique has been used to convert different magnitude scales to moment magnitude scale. The study area and its adjoining region have been divided into 22 seismogenic zones based upon the geology, tectonics, and seismicity including source mechanism relevant to the region. Region specific attenuation equations have been used for seismic hazard assessment. Standard procedure for PSHA has been adopted for this study and peak ground motion is estimated for 10% and 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years at the bed rock level. For the 10% and 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, the PGA values vary from 0.06 to 0.36 g and 0.11 to 0.65 g, respectively considering varying b-value. Higher PGA values are observed in the southeast part region situated around Kaurik Fault System (KFS) and western parts of Nepal. Management Authority (NDMA 2011), Government of India, presented various probabilistic seismic
Seismic hazard assessment of eastern Nepal using 1934 and 1988 earthquakes
Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 2011
The Himalayan arc is widely considered as one of the hot spots in terms of earthquake disaster. Nepal, which is centrally located in the Himalayan region, has witnessed many medium to large earthquakes in the past, e.g., 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake, 19 88 Udayapur earthquake. Because of lack of income resources in rural area, considerable number of population has already migrated to the major urban areas of the country and the trend is still continued. With such population pressure and also economic constrains, major part of population is residing in weak and non-engineered structures of the unplanned urban areas. Consequently, it has put large population at high risk of earthquake disaster. It is, therefore, necessary to assess the seismic hazard so that proper mitigation measures may be adopted for the safeguard of the population, property and infrastructures under risk. In this contribution, preliminary Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) for eastern Nepal is carried out...
Earthquake Hazard Assessment of Peninsular India
This paper presents the detailed seismic hazard assessment of the peninsular India (lat. 8°-28°N and long. 67.5°-90°E) which is considered to be seismically most stable landmasses of the Indian plate. Past seismic history in this region (Koyna, 10
Seismic hazard assessment of Kashmir and Kangra valley region, Western Himalaya, India
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 19475705 2013 832405, 2015
A complete earthquake catalogue of the Western Himalaya (latitudes 30 N-36 N and longitudes 72 E-78 E) for the period of 1501-2010 has been compiled with earthquake magnitude computed in moment magnitude (Mw) scale. Pre-and early twentieth century records of earthquake damage have been documented from rare and out of print publications. Seismotectonics and seismic hazard for Kohistan arc, Kashmir-Hazara Syntaxis, Nanga-Parbat (Western Syntaxis), Karakoram and Himachal Himalaya are discussed with special reference to 1905 Kangra and 2005 Muzaffarabad earthquakes. Analyses of spatio-temporal variation in b-value from the region indicate significant precursor prior to the 2005 Muzaffarabad earthquake; progressive rise of background b-value observed and the main shock locates close to relative high b-value domains. Regions surrounding the location of the 1905 Kangra earthquake also display such high b-value for the period of 2005-2010 that calls for closer scrutiny. Temporal analysis of b-value from the epicentral block of Muzaffarabad earthquake clearly showed a high-low b-value couplet of 1.45-0.72, which may be treated as a typical precursor before an imminent large earthquake. Gumbel extreme value statistics indicate probability of occurrence of an event of Mw > 7.0 within 50 years in the region.