Tourism entrepreneurship in transition economies, unpacking the socio-economic contexts (original) (raw)

The Evolution In Entrepreneurial Dimensions In Tourism In Romania

Annals - Economy Series, 2017

Tourism is a sector that encourages the creation of new enterprises in order to receive tourists, resulting in the development of other sectors. Small and medium enterprises from tourism sector generate significant revenues that contribute to higher levels of development of the local community. Adapting to the competitive environment - in an increasingly turbulent environment - requires more flexibility from managers. External environment acts on several categories of influencing factors: political and legal factors, economic factors, socio-cultural factors and technological factors. Detailed knowledge of all these factors on firm action is particularly useful beause it helps managers to understand and explain the decisions and behaviors they noted in the company they manage and it allows a detailed study of the constantly changing relationship between the firm and its external environment. This paper analyses the changes in the size of enterprises in the field of hotels and restaur...

Does westernization influence the business culture of a touristic city?

Economics & Sociology, 2020

The inflow of tourists determines development, growth and sustainability of tourism business worldwide. The main dilemma of tourism entrepreneurs remains in whether to follow westernization or to preserve the local sociocultural identity. This research tries to explore the entrepreneurs' perception about Western influence in business culture of the touristic city-Pokhara, Nepal. Cross-sectional descriptive study design is used to understand entrepreneurs' perception, and three dummybased indices are used to measure the tourism business environment. The ordered logit regression model is adopted to check the determinant factors. It reveals that English language for communication (76.84%), Hospitality service (72.01%), Art and Decoration (68.19%) and Festivals and Cultural Performances (55.47%) have Western influences on tourism entrepreneurship in Pokhara. The results of the ordered logit model show that the overall odds of business registration, government initiation, westernization and population growth are 1.09, 1.26, 2.14 and 2.27 times respectively which signifies to potentially better business prospects provided Western culture influences are minimized while local identities are preserved under government initiatives. This research was conducted only in a dense area of Pokhara called Lakeside. We have reasons to believe that if the research could have covered the whole area and all the entrepreneurs were included, it would produce much greater picture of the westernization influences in business culture of Pokhara.

Entrepreneurship-Its gradual burgeoning in the realm of Tourism

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research , 2022

The aim of this paper is to analyze the correlation between entrepreneurship and the tourism sector. This paper tried to examine very minutely the various research articles, studies of notable authors over the past century to actually determine the growth. Quantitative approach for describing, evaluating and monitoring has been used for this analytical study. Around 96 articles have been studied and taken into concern related to entrepreneurship and tourism to get to the results. The outcome of the study clearly reveals that the articles encircling the entrepreneurship and tourism are being amassed under three categories specifically: I.) The classification of entrepreneurship, II.) Small and medium sized tourism endeavors, III.) The learning & literature about entrepreneurship in the tourism industry. The quality and quantity of research materials found during the study helped to continue the investigation on broader and larger scales. In a comparative mode, it was found out that the knowledge production of entrepreneurship and tourism has increased in this century. However, another two decades have passed and we expect this study could provide some more insights and wider angle of vision to the literature regards to the field of entrepreneurship and tourism. As entrepreneurship is always accompanied by consequential chances, upheavals and recollections, the business behavior ornamentation in the tourism sector helps us with a lot of interesting and beguiling facts and figures for evaluation

Development in Western Ideology of Entrepreneurialism and Their (Mis)Applications in the Context of Non-Western Cultures

Corporate Ownership and Control, 2012

The focus of this article is a conceptual analysis of the western entrepreneurship paradigm and its practical implications, based on a desktop approach. In order to bring a holistic view of the western paradigm, the following questions were raised: What constitutes the western paradigm of entrepreneurship? How does this paradigm transfer to other cultures? Why is this paradigm criticized? The purpose of evaluating the western paradigm is to gain an understanding of western ideologies in entrepreneurship to consider a suitable methodology for an alternative approach in entrepreneurship research. The different disciplinary perspectives and the reductionist approach of the western paradigm resulted in limited returns to entrepreneurship programs since one disciplinary perspective can never handle all relevancies of entrepreneurial holism. It may be better to seek a context-sensitive alternative approach.

Developments in Western Ideology of Entrepreneurialism and Their (Mis) Applications in the Context of Non-Western Cultures

Corporate Ownership and Control, 2012

The focus of this article is a conceptual analysis of the western entrepreneurship paradigm and its practical implications, based on a desktop approach. In order to bring a holistic view of the western paradigm, the following questions were raised: What constitutes the western paradigm of entrepreneurship? How does this paradigm transfer to other cultures? Why is this paradigm criticized? The purpose of evaluating the western paradigm is to gain an understanding of western ideologies in entrepreneurship to consider a suitable methodology for an alternative approach in entrepreneurship research. The different disciplinary perspectives and the reductionist approach of the western paradigm resulted in limited returns to entrepreneurship programs since one disciplinary perspective can never handle all relevancies of entrepreneurial holism. It may be better to seek a context-sensitive alternative approach.

Entrepreneurship in Tourism Reasons and Impediments Ecoforum 2017

Tourism is a complex activity involving a combination of material (accommodation, transport, tourist attractions) and psychological (specific attitudes, desires, human emotions) elements. In literature, there are numerous definitions demonstrating the complexity and importance of the tourism phenomenon. In general, entrepreneurship in tourism means enterprises, complex activities at both macro-and micro-economic levels. The concept of opportunity is a main theme in entrepreneurship. The goals of this paper concern the identification of reasons and resources necessary to establish a tourism firm. The paper analyses these aspects between 2005 and 2013 to identify possible changes during the years from the perspective of the Romanian enterpriser behaviour. The research method consisted in Eurostat and Romania statistic data collection, processing and interpretation. One of the issues related to Eurostat was the lack of complete data on tourism: we found only data regarding entrepreneurship in hotels and restaurants in 2005, which limited our study options and prevented us from approaching other tourisms sectors such as travel agencies, tour-operators, rural tourism and agri-tourism, bread & breakfasts, motels, and camping sites. The study on 2013 relied on a questionnaire applied online to accommodation units in Romania, and involved a wider range of Romanian tourism operators. Result analysis pointed out the fact that Romanian entrepreneurs wish to be financially independent, to be their own bosses, and to make more money – all important reasons in launching a tourism business in both 2005 and 2013. Analysis of financial resources used by Romanian entrepreneurs in tourism shows that most of the funds used by Romanian entrepreneurs in the field come form their own resources and from families and friends; bank credits, European funds or support from the authorities represent a smaller share in both studied years.

Tourism Entrepreneurship and Industrial Restructuring: GLOBE National and Organisational Cultural Dimensions

Journal of the Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA, 2020

National culture can influence entrepreneurship by creating a specific cultural framework which defines the possibilities for the recognition of opportunities for entrepreneurial activities, as well as their social desirability. Very large corporations, especially those that dominate a region, also have their own organizational cultures, which in turn influence local social culture, and which can constitute a specific subculture within society. The “Kolubara” mine is the largest in Serbia, employing more than 11,000 workers. As most of its employees are living close to its headquarters, the small town of Lazarevac (Central Serbia), the culture nurtured within this organization and among its employees is heavily intertwined with the social culture of the inhabitants of the town. The GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness) approach was used to investigate the relation between this organizational culture and national culture, by measuring the nine GLOBE cultural dimensions of the “Kolubara” employees and of the inhabitants of Lazarevac. The results of this are discussed and analysed in the context of the ongoing economic transformation in many post-socialist economies. This study highlights the readiness of the people of small industrial towns, such as Lazarevac, to adapt to this ongoing transition and to undertake entrepreneurial activities in tourism during periods of industrial restructuring and the growth of service industries in former industrial areas.

Entrepreneurship in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry

Management Strategies Journal, 2016

Tourism and hospitality industry is a complex sector, a distinct field of activity, a component of economic and social life that offers multiple opportunities for small business development, but also capital intensive and highly competitive. In this context, its connection with entrepreneurship takes into account the economic development of tourist areas, aims to create new sustainable businesses by increasing the capacity and willingness of enterprises to develop, organize a business, to manage risk and profit. This paper, through recognizing micro factors influencing the development of local entrepreneurship, tourism and hospitality industry, aimed to analyze the behavior of entrepreneurs consistent with the existence of constraints regarding business, a limitation of entrepreneurship, growth and behavior. Romanian entrepreneurship in tourism and hospitality industry must boost competitiveness, leading to increased productivity and economic development.

Hotel entrepreneurship in a turbulent environment

This paper aims to explore the factors that stimulate entrepreneurship among small hotels in a former socialist economy which experienced a turbulent economic and social transition period. The study investigates how specific aspects such as a low level of competition and position of the entrepreneurs in society, acted as facilitating or inhibiting factors for entrepreneurship. The findings from in-depth interviews with 37 hotel entrepreneurs demonstrate that institutional deficiencies influence market orientation of the entrepreneurs and that the specific social context sets the conditions by which lifestyle-related motives will exist or not. They also underscore that investigation of entrepreneurs needs to take account of a broad range of socio-cultural factors and not solely entrepreneurial agency. Inclusion of a transitional economic and social setting into the broader theoretical framework of hospitality entrepreneurial research demonstrates the value of a contextualized approach.