Survey: energy efficient protocols using radio scheduling in wireless sensor network (original) (raw)
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Recent advances in the field of electronics and wireless telecommunications have created the capability and potential for designing and manufacturing sensors which have low power consumption, small size, reasonable price and various applications. These small sensors, which based on their type, can perform different tasks such as receiving environmental information, processing it and then sending that information, have shaped an idea to create and expand networks known as wireless sensor network (WSN). A sensor network consists of a large number of sensor nodes which are widely distributed in the environment and are engaged in collecting information. The sensors have significant limitations, and one of the most important limitations is the low capacity of these sensors' battery, which makes the efficient use of the energy a vital issue. When the energy in the battery ends, the sensor, functions completely stops. This would result in the loss of a part of the network. Moreover, in most of the sensor, applications, replacing the battery is impossible either because the evaluated area is too large or because it is unsafe. Therefore, minimizing the energy consumption, by designing communication protocols and applications for these networks, is one of the most important issues. So designing a MAC Layer schedule to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks which can significantly reduce power consumption but also would be compatible with IEEE 802.15.4 is an important and unavoidable challenge.
A Comparative Study on MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks on Energy Reduction
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) leads to a most versatile solution in numerous applications such as smart building, tracking the targets and many more. Basically, WSNs comprises of high count of inexpensive sensor nodes those are scattered in target area for gathering the desired information. Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols plays key role for energy efficient operation in WSNs as it manages radio communication on the shared medium. WSN is multidisciplinary area of research and has increased acceptance because of its application. Due to lower sensing range and changing topology there is needed to achieve an efficient medium access for energy efficiency. Variety of MAC protocols have been proposed for WSNs, based upon different objectives like energy efficiency, delay, throughput and packet loss. In recent years, WSNs has gained special attention in research community. This paper outlines the properties of WSNs that plays and important role for designing of MAC layer protocol highlighting pros and cons. Finally, we investigate on various MAC protocols designs for WSN.
Energy Efficient Scheduling Algorithm for S-MAC Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network
2012
In Sensor-MAC (S-MAC) protocol, a node located between two or more virtual clusters is called boarder node that adopts different listen and sleep schedules. These border nodes consume a large amount of energy as they switch to the listening mode often due to diversified scheduling which in turns decreases the lifetime of the wireless sensor network. This paper proposed a new unified scheduling method to solve the diversified scheduling problem of border nodes in S-MAC and evaluated the performance through simulation. It has been observed from the simulated results that the border nodes have consumed less power in case of large network as well as small networks.
A novel MAC scheduler to minimize the energy consumption in a Wireless Sensor Network
Ad Hoc Networks, 2014
The rising success of the Internet of Things has led the Wireless Sensor Networks to play an important role in many fields, ranging from military to civilian applications. However, since sensor nodes are battery powered, communication protocols and applications for these networks must be carefully designed in order to limit the power consumption. In this work, a new MAC protocol able to significantly reduce the power consumption and compatible with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, is designed and validated. The defined protocol is based on an efficient setting of the node's duty cycle as a function of the transmission times of the neighbor nodes. In a duty cycle period, each node wakes up once to transmit and N times to receive, where N is the number of neighbors, while it remains in sleep mode for the rest of the time. The defined protocol has been validated through both an analytical and a simulative approach. By using the first approach, the proposed solution is compared with another energy-efficient protocol, namely AS-MAC; then, the differences between the simulated scenario and the analytical one are analyzed. By using the second approach (through Omnet++ simulator), we carried out a performance comparison between our protocol and the current MAC protocol compliant with the ZigBee standard. All the results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed solution, which has proved to be flexible and efficient, since it is able to provide high energy savings at different date rate, without a negative impact on the packets delivery.
Energy Efficient MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Network: A Survey
International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks, 2013
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been used in many important fields such as target detection and tracking, environmental monitoring, industrial process monitoring and tactical systems. As nodes in wireless sensor networks typically operate unattended with a limited power source, energy efficient operations of the nodes are very important. Although energy conservation in communication can be performed at different layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite, energy conservation at MAC layer is found to be the most effective one due to its ability to control the radio directly. Therefore, to ensure a long-lived network of wireless communicating sensors, we are in need of a MAC protocol that is able to improve energy efficiency by maximizing sleep duration, minimizing idle listening and overhearing, and eliminating hidden terminal problem or collision of packets. In this paper, we investigated the available energy-efficient MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks and provide a fair comparison based on certain metrics.
Energy-efficient MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks: a survey
TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control, 2019
MAC Protocols enables sensor nodes of the same WSN to access a common shared communication channel. Many researchers have proposed different solutions explaining how to design and implement these protocols. The main goal of most MACs protocols is how to prolong lifetime of the WSN as long as possible by reducing energy consumption since it is often impossible to change or to recharge sensors' batteries. The majority of these protocols designed for WSN are based on "duty-cycle" technique. Every node of the WSN operates on two periods: active period and sleep period to save energy. Until now (to our knowledge) there is no ideal protocol for this purpose. The main reason relies on the lack of standardization at lower layers (physical layer) and (physical) sensor hardware. Therefore, the MAC protocol choice remains application-dependent. A useful MAC protocol should be able to adapt to network changes (topology, nodes density and network size). This paper surveys MAC protocols for WSNs and discusses the main characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of currently popular protocols.
An Energy Efficient Scheduling Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
2012
We consider Energy efficient multiple access control protocol in wireless sensor networks. With the perspective of a synchronous and schedule access protocol, an optimization problem is formulated to schedule operation modes (transmit, receive and sleep) throughout the network. Using dual decomposition , a protocol is designed collaboratively by sensor nodes over time, each node determines its own schedule. This protocol attains statistical convergence with respect to time-varying channel state information in the time of its scope. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of this protocol in terms of consumed energy in comparison with classical protocols as a result of eliminating idle listening in the network.
An energy-efficient multi-layer MAC (ML-MAC) protocol for wireless sensor networks
AEU-International Journal of …, 2011
The efficient use of energy is an important performance target to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). As the idle listening of sensor nodes result in primary energy waste, many typical MAC protocols are designed to save power by placing the radio in the low-power sleep mode. In this paper a new energy-efficient multi-layer MAC (ML-MAC) protocol is proposed for wireless sensor networks. It is designed with two main features: low duty cycle and low number of collisions. Sensor nodes in ML-MAC have a very short listening time which would reduce the energy required to communicate with other nodes. Also, the number of collisions in cases where two or more nodes try to send at the same time is minimized in ML-MAC. This saves the energy required to re-send the corrupted packets. Simulation results show much better performance of the energy consumption compared with the existing MAC protocols.
Mac-Layer Configuration Based Improving Energy Efficiency for Wireless Sensor Network
2015
Energy Efficiency depends on the time, node life time, data rate of success transmission and power saving without re transmission. The noise removed, data loss reduced, avoid multi-channel fading and normalized radio propagation model are the factors to be considered for increasing the network quality. The saving of energy could be done by clustering and cluster head via communication, or by Multi-path dynamic communication for power saving and etc. The complete throughput can be improved; the power control can also be obtained by MAC layer configurations, and correcting the packet transmission in the physical layer etc. Another approach used in reduction of the collision in packet transmission, jamming in the route, and all these are controlled by slot allocation with time scheduling of packet transmission. Though there are many methods available for energy efficiency, this paper provides a novel approach which combines scheduling, clustering, dynamic multipath election and configu...
A NEW MAC PROTOCOL IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS FOR ENERGY PRESERVING
A New MAC Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for Energy Preserving is a research based project in the field of wireless sensor networks. The literature survey on WSN results in understanding the working of wireless sensor networks on various applications. We studied the various available MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks, and the applications of the protocols, along with their implementations in the layered architecture of WSN. In our study we observed that, the wastage of energy in wireless sensor networks is high due to communication overhead between nodes. In wireless sensor networks energy plays a most important role for the sensing, processing and communication at node level. The nodes in the wireless sensor networks have their own power source, but it is very limited. However, the sensor nodes do not get replaced or recharged after their deployment. Hence energy preservation is the most important feature in wireless sensor network. Our review paper introduces WSN introduction, its applications, protocol stack and various MAC protocol in wireless sensor networks