Article Processes Underlying 50 Years of Local Forest-Cover Change (original) (raw)
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Scientific Reports, 2021
Allantoin (ALL) is a phytochemical possessing an impressive array of biological activities. Nonetheless, developing a nanostructured delivery system targeted to augment the gastric antiulcerogenic activity of ALL has not been so far investigated. Consequently, in this survey, ALL-loaded chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (ALL-loaded CS/STPP NPs) were prepared by ionotropic gelation technique and thoroughly characterized. A full 24 factorial design was adopted using four independently controlled parameters (ICPs). Comprehensive characterization, in vitro evaluations as well as antiulcerogenic activity study against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats of the optimized NPs formula were conducted. The optimized NPs formula, (CS (1.5% w/v), STPP (0.3% w/v), CS:STPP volume ratio (5:1), ALL amount (13 mg)), was the most convenient one with drug content of 6.26 mg, drug entrapment efficiency % of 48.12%, particle size of 508.3 nm, polydispersity index 0.29 and ζ-potential of +...
Molecular Biology Reports
Background A gastric ulcer is a painful lesion of the gastric mucosa that can be debilitating or even fatal. The effectiveness of several plant extracts in the therapy of this illness has been demonstrated in traditional pharmacopoeias. Aim: this study was aimed to see if propolis, ginseng in normal or nano form, and amygdalin might help in preventing the ulcerative effects of absolute ethanol. Methods Gastroprotective properties of pretreatments before ethanol gavage in rats were compared to omeprazole. The ulcer and stomach parameters (ulcerated regions) were measured (mm2), ulcer inhibition percentage, the stomachs were assessed macroscopically with gastric biopsy histological examinations. Results Amygdalin, normal and nano ginseng, nano propolis followed by propolis all showed great efficacy in protecting the cyto-architecture and function of the gastric mucosa. The number of ulcerated sites was greatly reduced, and the percentage of stomach protection was increased. Histopatho...
American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2009
Problem statement: UlGen, a Polyherbal formulation, was investigated for its possible Ulcero-protective activity in ulcerogen and Cold-restraint stress induced Wister rats (Rattus rattus). Oral administration of UlGen, at a dose of 800 mg kg −1 significantly protected the onset of coldresistance stress induced ulcerations. Approach: It significantly inhibited gastric ulceration induced by alcohol and aspirin. Control group: Alcohol 80% induced ulcer was 42.00±2.30 and in UlGen treated rats showed 10.00±1.62. Using alcian blue stain to study the mucus secretion by mucosal cells carried out histological examination of gastric glandular mucosa. Results: The volume and acidity of gastric juice in pyloric-ligated rats was reduced in treated rats. Gastric volume (mL 100 g −1) in control rats showed 4.12±0.32 and in UlGen treated rats showed 2.50±0.20. Conclusion: UlGen, Cytoprotective effect may be due to the enhancement of defensive mechanism through an improvement of gastric cytoprotection as well as acid inhibition.
Evaluation of Newly Formulated Antiulcer Drug on Experimental Ulcer Model
The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential gastric protective and therapeutic effects of ranitidine mucoadhesive hydrogel formulae against ethanol induced gastric ulceration in rats. Adult female albino rats weighing between 200-220 g ,75 rats for evaluation of mucoadhesiveness of hydrogel and 70 rats for evaluation of protective and therapeutic effect of ranitidine hydrogel. The seventy rats were randomly divided into two experiments, protective and therapeutic effects of newly developed ranitidine mucoadhesive hydrogel formulae containing polymer mixture of Chitosan and Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) at ratio 9:1 (F1) or mixture of Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and HPMC at ratio 9:1 (F2). Each experiment has five groups, seven rats each; group 1 serves as control and group 2 serves as ulcer control since received a single oral dose of absolute ethanol (5ml/kg body weight). Group 3 ulcer group received an oral dose of ranitidine (27mg/kg), while groups 4 and 5 ulcer group received newly formulae of ranitidine F1& F2 respectively. In the present study some gastric parameters as ulcer index, total acidity, gastric volume and pH besides some biochemical parameters as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total protein (TP) level and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were carried out at the end of the experimental period.The present study showed that F1 revealed more protective and therapeutic potency than F2 as it was significantly reduced ulcer index, total acidity, gastric volume and pH in comparison to ulcerated group (p<0.05). Also, the biochemical markers ALT, AST and TAC were decreased significantly compared to ulcerated group in both experiments. TP level and ALP activity were altered among different treatments. Moderate improvement in mucus secretion was recorded for F1 & F2 treatments than the reference drug. The present results were confirmed by the histopathology findings. Collectively, the current study confirmed the better therapeutic action of formulae 1 & 2 over the pure drug and that F1 was the most potent formula. Also, it encouraged the use of F2 as a curative agent of ulceration rather than a protective one. Key words: Ranitidine, mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation, liver function markers, physiological ulcer indexes, mucin secretion
Nutrition Research, 2007
In this study, we investigated the anti-ulcerogenic action of semipurified fibers-orange pulp (OP), guar gum (GG), and a mixture of guar gum and orange pulp (OPG)-on ethanol, indomethacin, and pylorus ligature-induced gastric lesions in the rat. Gastric wall mucus, prostaglandin synthesis, and gastrin level were determined in the gastric mucosal from Wistar rats. Acute administration of GG and OPG inhibited the ulcerative lesion index by 50% and increased the adhered mucus, pH levels, and prostaglandin E 2 production. Moreover, these fibers decreased the gastric secretion, total acid content, and gastrin levels; OP did not prevent mucosal lesions. Results indicated that the protection of GG and OPG could be due to a synergism of several effects: mechanical action, reduction in H + ion concentration and gastrin levels, and increase in prostaglandin E 2 and mucus production. D
Heliyon, 2019
Pulicaria undulata subsp. undulata (Family; Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant used to treat inflammation. The objective of this study is to explore the protective effect of the ethanol extract of P. undulata subsp. undulata aerial parts against ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats. The chemical composition of plant extract, the unsaponifiable matter and the fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed. The biological evaluation was carried out through measuring ulcer indices, oxidative stress markers, certain marker enzymes, inflammatory index and the histopathological assessment of the stomach in rats. The total unsaponifiable matter (94.29%) and the fatty acid methyl ester (82.96%) content were identified. Gastric ulcer recorded significant increase in gastric volume and lesion counts (p < 0.0001). Drastic changes in all biochemical parameters under investigation were observed. Protection with plant extract reversed the action of ethanol by variable degrees of improvement in comparison with the reference drug. The
Scientific Research and Essays, 2011
Bauhinia purpurea is a medicinal plant commonly used traditionaly in the treatment of many ailments. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extracts of B. purpurea ethanolic leaf extract (BPELE) against absolute ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in experimental rats. The rats were divided into four groups, respectively pre-treated orally with carboxymethyl cellulose solution (ulcer control groups), omeprazole 20 mg/kg (reference group), 250 and 500 mg/kg of BPELE (experimental groups) 1 h before oral administration of absolute ethanol to generate gastric mucosal damage. After an additional hour, the rats were sacrificed and the ulcer areas of the gastric walls were determined. The ulcer control group exhibited severe mucosal injury, whereas groups pre-treated with B. purpurea ethanolic leaf extract exhibited significant protection of gastric mucosal damage. These findings were also confirmed by histology of gastric wall. Significant increases in gastric mucus production and decrease in acidity of gastric content were observed in treated groups with BPELE compare to ulcer control group. These results concluded that the treatment with BPELE prior to absolute alcohol has significantly protect gastric mucosa as ascertained grossly by significant reduction of ulcer area, increases in gastric mucus production and deecrease the acidity of gastric content and histology by comparatively decreases in gastric mucosal damage, reduction or absence of edema and leucocytes infiltration of submucosal layer compared to ulcer control group. BPELE was able to decrease the acidity and increase the mucosal defense in the gastric area thereby justifying its use as an antiulcerogenic agent.
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Due to an unhealthy lifestyle, gastric ulcers have become a very common disease these days. Moreover, the side effects linked with the prolonged use of conventional treatments have shifted the paradigm towards herbal therapies. The leaves of Morus alba L. (Family-Moraceae) have been traditionally used for a large number of metabolic diseases. In the present research, we focused on the development of chitosan microspheres using extracts of leaves of Morus alba L. and their evaluation for gastroprotective efficacy against ethanol-induced ulcers in experimental rats. The process of development of M. alba extract microsphere (MEM) is also optimized using the Box-Behnken design. The formulation was prepared at optimized conditions (chitosan concentration (1.66% w/w), volume of glutaraldehyde (4.69 mL), and stirrer rotation per minute, RPM, 854.8), and the percentage yield (Y1) of the resulted microspheres is ∼95% with an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of (Y2(rutin)) ∼86%, Y2(quercetin)) ∼...
Monolluma quadrangula (Forssk.) Plowes is used in Saudi traditional medicines to treat gastric ulcers. The hydroalcoholic extract of M. quadrangula (MHAE) was used in an in vivo model to investigate its gastroprotective effects against ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions in rats. Five groups of Sprague Dawley rats were used. The first group was treated with 10% Tween 20 as a control. The other four groups included rats treated with absolute ethanol (5 mL/kg) to induce an ulcer, rats treated with 20 mg/kg omeprazole as a reference drug, and rats treated with 150 or 300 mg/kg MHAE. One hour later, the rats were administered absolute ethanol (5 mL/kg) orally. Animals fed with MHAE exhibited a significantly increased pH, gastric wall mucus, and flattening of the gastric mucosa, as well as a decreased area of gastric mucosal damage. Histology confirmed the results; extensive destruction of the gastric mucosa was observed in the ulcer control group, and the lesions penetrated deep into the gastric mucosa with leukocyte infiltration of the submucosal layer and edema. However, gastric protection was observed in the rats pre-fed with plant extracts. Periodic acid–Schiff staining of the gastric wall revealed a remarkably intensive uptake of magenta color in the experimental rats pretreated with MHAE compared to the ulcer control group. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed an upregulation of the Hsp70 protein and a downregulation of the Bax protein in rats pretreated with MHAE compared with the control rats. Gastric homogenate showed significantly increased catalase and superoxide dismutase, and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced in the rats pretreated with MHAE compared to the control group. In conclusion, MHAE exhibited a gastroprotective effect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. The mechanism of this gastroprotection included an increase in pH and gastric wall mucus, an increase in endogenous enzymes, and a decrease in the level of MDA. Furthermore, protection was given through the upregulation of Hsp70 and the downregulation of Bax proteins.