Attacks on health system in South Sudan (original) (raw)
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Health Ramifications and Recovery Avenues for Sudan’s April 2023 Armed Conflict: A Review
Sudan journal of medical sciences, 2024
Background: Sudan's history is marred by ongoing sociopolitical challenges, with deep cultural divisions fueling numerous wars. A new conflict erupted on April 15, 2023, pushing the country closer to a full-scale civil war. This war has severely crippled Sudan's already fragile healthcare system, rendering 70% of hospitals in combat zones nonoperational, causing 12,000 deaths, thousands of injuries, and leaving 11 million in dire need of healthcare. More than seven million people are displaced, half of which are children, and are facing severe health challenges, especially vulnerable groups. Heath situation is threatening with unchecked spread of outbreaks of communicable diseases that were previously controlled and marked failure in meeting the health demands of patients with noncommunicable diseases, reproductive and child health issues, and people with serious conditions that require adequate follow-up. Moreover, the projections threaten with more catastrophic consequences including famine, environmental destruction, and further displacement of people. This review article highlights the urgency of the situation and explores potential solutions to enrich global understanding of crisis management. Methods: To comprehensively assess the impact of the crisis and propose a way forward, we drew data by exploring search engines and databases such as Google, Humanitarian Agencies Websites, Google Scholer, and PubMed along with some relevant reports. The search terms included are "Sudan's war", "impact of war on healthcare systems", and "Sudan's armed conflicts". Results: More than 19 publications on the impact of the war on health in addition to periodic reports from international organizations and governmental authorities were reviewed. Conclusion: Although all publications point to the gravity of the situation and the need for prompt response, this crisis offers a unique opportunity to rebuild Sudan's struggling healthcare system with the principles of social accountability. Through domestic and international collaboration, this sector can become a model for similar nations, meeting the needs of its people and promoting sustainable development.
Armed conflict and public health: into the 21st century
Journal of Public Health, 2019
Background Many people worldwide are affected by conflict, and countries affected are less likely to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals. This review outlines the effects of conflict on health and focuses on areas requiring more attention. Methods We completed a search of the literature using Medline, Embase and Global Health. Results Health effects of conflict include trauma; mental health; non-communicable diseases (NCDs); child health; sexual, reproductive and maternal health; and infectious diseases. Conflict damages health directly through fighting, and indirectly through wider socioeconomic effects. Health outcomes are influenced by pre-existing population health and demographics, and access to appropriate healthcare. Vulnerable populations (the elderly, children, neonates and women) are especially at risk. Conclusion Several areas pose key challenges including: tactics of war as a public health problem; a lack of focus on neonatal care and NCDs; the long-term consequenc...
Introduction: This study aims to determine the unmatched Public Health Humanitarian Emergencies Context with recurrently outdated methods of response-South Sudan is used as a case study. With specific objective: to increases the support for vital, approach in Public health activities in humanitarian emergencies and ascertain new ways of delivering Public health activities in humanitarian emergencies system. Methodology: The study, was secondary research to track down useful existing published information and a review of the secondary literature on Public health activities in humanitarian emergencies, the principle investigator summaries the articles from South Sudan NGOs forum, BioMed central , Web of Science (2005-2017) and PubMed (2005-2017). Results: South Sudan reported the highest Humanitarian access incidence in the region, most frequent report in 2017, (101) in August 2017 laterally, and most implicate violence against humanitarian workers and properties. Evidence indicate South Sudan is not receiving enough support and appropriate global focused, due jeopardy, that lead to losing more humanitarian support. Yet, it's not the humanitarian agencies that's going to solve the Public health humanitarian emergencies in South Sudan, than the political will and support. Conclusion: South Sudan situation cannot be put in to one box, because it has many vigorous, therefore need different approaches and interventions. The study recommends that improved data are imperative towards supporting inter-sectorial work in addressing Public health care needs of the persons of concern to Humanitarian agencies.
Providing health services during a civil war: the experience of a garrison town in Southern Sudan
Disasters, 37(4), pp579-603, 2013
The impact of conflict, particularly conflict arising during civil wars, on the provision of healthcare is a subject that has not been widely considered in conflict-related research. Combatants often target health services to weaken or to defeat the enemy, while attempts to maintain or improve health systems also can comprise part of counter-insurgency ‘hearts-and-minds’ strategies. This paper describes the dynamics associated with the provision of health services in Malakal, an important garrison town in South Sudan, during the second Sudanese civil war (1983–2005). Drawing on the concepts of opportunity hoarding and exploitation, it explores the social and political dynamics of service provision in and around the town during the war. These concepts provide a useful lens with which to understand better how health services are affected by conflict, while the empirical case study presented in the paper illustrates dynamics that may be repeated in other contexts. The concepts and case study set out in this paper should prove useful to healthcare providers working in conflict zones, including humanitarian aid agencies and their employees, increasing their understanding of the social and political dynamics that they are likely to face during future conflict-related complex emergencies.
Approaches to protect and maintain health care services in armed conflict – meeting SDGs 3 and 16
Druce et al. Conflict and Health, 2019
The escalation of conflict in the Middle East coincides with an emerging trend of attacks on healthcare. Protection of health personnel, health services and humanitarian workers is no longer respected. This compromises the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 3 – towards health for all, and 16 – towards justice and peace. The Centre for Global Health at the University of Oslo, the Peace Research Institute Oslo and the Norwegian Red Cross co-organised a meeting exploring how conflict impacts health systems and potential solutions to protect and maintain health care services.
European Journal of Health Sciences
Purpsoe: Medical neutrality refers to a globally accepted principle derived from International humanitarian law (IHL), International Human Rights Law and Medical Ethics. It is based on the principles of non-interference with medical services in times of armed conflict and civil unrest. It promotes the freedom for physicians and aid personnel to care for the sick and wounded, and to receive care regardless of political affiliation. The purpose of this study was to examine comparatively, the extent in which humanitarian aid access, healthcare facilities and healthcare professionals are protected in conflict affected areas in Africa. The protection of health personnel, health services and humanitarian workers is no longer respected. This compromises the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 3 – towards health for all, and 16 – towards justice and peace. Methdology: The study was guided by Andersen’s Behavioral Model of health service of 1995. Methodological wi...