Infrastructure Construction Projects Scheduling Using Manual-Program Evaluation and Review Technique (M-PERT) Method. Case Study: Indonesian Sunda Strait Bridge (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 2020
One of the problems faced by the contractors is an inappropriate scheduling method. For project scheduling, the contractor using Bar chart. Although this method still can be used, but in its application is limited to scheduling large-scale projects, because this method cannot describe the interdependence of activity. The problem can be solved using Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Path Method (CPM). PERT is a method that can be used to estimate the duration of activity and can calculate the probability of project time completion, while CPM is a scheduling method used to find the path of critical path and can describe the relationship between activities. Scheduling results using CPM found that the minimum duration to complete the project was 135 days with 20 activities on the critical path with 50% project probability. Further analysis using PERT found that for a greater probability of the project completion was 68% for 139.78 days duration, 95% for 144.56 days, and 99.7% for 149.34 days.
This study presents the effectiveness of scheduling techniques in the success of mechanical construction projects as an essential tool for project planning, implementation, evaluation and control. Improper project resources scheduling leads to time and cost overruns, hence leads to a huge variation. This work focused on scheduled and unscheduled sets of constructed silo tanks. The analyses were based on the combination of scheduling techniques (CPM & Gantt chart) with the aid of Microsoft Project for the scheduled project sets, as these techniques helped in evolving a planned activity resource cost. The corresponding results of the implemented scheduled projects were related to cost per day and their performance evaluated based on earned value analysis. The scheduled and unscheduled project set results were analyzed based on the test of the null hypothesis using F-Test for the equality of variance. Research findings shows that, the combination of scheduling techniques were effective in reducing variance within the scheduled project set, while the earned value analysis exposed the minor variance which existed, the variance were not sufficient to deter the project success. The F-test upturned the null hypothesis and upheld the alternative hypothesis which stated that variance in unscheduled project were greater than those in scheduled project.
Operation of Time and Cost Estimation of Road and Bridge Projects
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022
The construction industry for Roads and Bridges in Nepal is in a transitional phase where the new technologies are recently introduced but not everyone is in access of it. The methods of works also greatly vary on the individual capacity of each contractor. So, a practical approach is necessary for developing a methodology for contract estimation. With frequent change in regulations regarding extension of time, the need for the accuracy and precision in the estimation of contract duration has even increased more. This paper aims at developing empirical formulae to identify the relation between contract duration and the contract cost based on the data of roads and bridges completed within the last five years. A total of 83 bridges and 78 road projects were analyzed to determine a relation between the cost and the time period for these projects. Equations Where, T= duration of work in days.
2022
This article is a review of research and studies that discuss methods for controlling time and costs on construction projects. Time and cost efficiency are something that construction service providers always want to achieve without having to reduce the quality of the project. Some methods that are often used to control time and costs are the Critical Path Method (CPM) method, the Project Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) Method, and the Earned Value Analysis (EVA) Method. Some research that has been done previously is to manage the time and cost of a project activity using two methods from three methods. This article review attempts to discuss all three methods at once. Two main reasons for the delay in the execution of project work are (1) unexpected events such as procedure failure, delays in the delivery of materials and structures, bad weather, natural disasters, accidents, and everything that is emergency and (2) slow implementation of the work itself [1]. Cost, quality, and time in implementing construction projects are the main limited resources, so planning, scheduling, and control are things that must be done so that the purpose of implementing projects with limited resources is achieved. Planning an effective schedule and cost-efficient planning without reducing quality is a challenge in project implementation [2]. Whatever the cause of delays in the work of a project needed control to anticipate it, especially in terms of cost and time. Cost and time
Journal of Project Management
Among different factors, correct scheduling is one of the vital elements for project management success. There are several ways to schedule projects including the Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). Due to problems in estimating durations of activities, these methods cannot accurately and completely model actual projects. The use of fuzzy theory is a basic way to improve scheduling and deal with such problems. Fuzzy theory approximates project scheduling models to reality by taking into account uncertainties in decision parameters and expert experience and mental models. This paper provides a step-bystep approach for accurate estimation of time and cost of projects using the Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and expert views as fuzzy numbers. The proposed method included several steps. In the first step, the necessary information for project time and cost is estimated using the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). The second step considers the duration and cost of the project activities as the trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, and then, the time and cost of the project are recalculated. The duration and cost of activities are estimated using the questionnaires as well as weighing the expert opinions, averaging and defuzzification based on a step-by-step algorithm. The calculating procedures for evaluating these methods are applied in a real project; and the obtained results are explained.
“The Planning, Scheduling and Delay Analysis of Construction Project – A Case Study”
International Journal of Futures Research and Development, 2020
Delays in the completion of construction projects are often unavoidable. The project schedule which is planned at the beginning of the project is prone to being changed for many times and unfortunately causes delays. As a result, schedule delays may be a major problem for contractors as well as the owners, resulting in costly disputes, controversial issues and adverse relationships between all the project participants. Therefore, the identification, quantification and analysis of delays become essential. Contractors are prone to see most of the delays in the responsibility of the owner, while owners usually want to put the blame on the contractor or third parties. Consequently, it is necessary to analyze schedule delays and research the most significant causes of delay in construction projects to avoid or minimize their adverse impacts on the project and project participants.
A Review on Time and Cost Issues of Infrastructure Projects
Journal of Advanced Research in Construction and Urban Architecture
The research is a review research conducted on the issues of time and cost performance of infrastructure projects in global and local context using content analysis. Time extension is a serious issue and further research for specific project should be conducted to search the effective measures in the area. During project based study the quality part should be assured as time and cost may be affected by or can affect quality of the project. The review has highlighted several factors affecting time overrun and cost overrun along with the relation between the same. Time, Cost and Quality are three sides of a project performance triangle. Project is one time unique process with specific objective which is source of innovation and development. Time extension is not an exception but norms for infrastructure projects should be verified through ecological testing and possible measures should be strongly enforced for systematic performance improvements of projects. The study will be signific...
A REVIEW ON FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SCHEDULING
Construction scheduling is a complex and challenging task demanding an in depth expertise. Consideration of several factors, their influences and likely impact on the schedule need a thorough understanding. It is mostly experience based knowledge in the form of heuristics, available with the experienced schedulers. In this connection this study mainly discusses the factors influencing construction scheduling and techniques through a comparative study of various international construction projects. About 40 relevant articles published over the last 25 years have been reviewed. However, each and every limited formalized knowledge is available in theoretical form, which is interesting to many researchers for many decades, a comprehensive research is made and a comparative study on the literatures was carried out and presented in this paper. The main aim of the paper is to highlight the major factors which are to be mainly considered for the successful completion of the project.