Impact of Age, and Cognitive and Coping Resources on Coping (original) (raw)

The Development of Coping Resources in Adulthood

Journal of Personality, 1996

We examined three community samples to determine whether stressful episodes form a context for the development of coping resources in adulthood. The first study found that 81.9% of a sample of 845 older men reported drawing upon prior experiences in coping with a recent problem. Content analysis revealed that only 22.7% drew upon similar stressful episodes; the rest drew upon problems from work, the military, illnesses, deaths, etc. The second study replicated the earlier findings in 102 men and women, ages 24 to 84, who reported on a recent low point in semistructured interviews. In addition, 75% reported long‐term effects, equally split between negative, positive, and mixed effects. Those individuals who perceived advantages from the low point were significantly more likely to report positive long‐term effects. The third study replicated the findings from the first two studies in a sample of 941 men and women ages 23 to 62. Path analyses showed that coping strategies differentiall...

Individual differences in the use of proactive coping strategies by middle-aged and older adults

Personality and Individual Differences, 2008

The concept of proactive coping refers to the process of screening one's environment for future stressors and undertaking attempts to prevent them. As of yet, few empirical studies have been conducted in relation to this promising concept. The aim of the present study was to identify the personal characteristics that contribute to the engagement in proactive coping with potential changes in three important life domains, namely health, social relationships and personal finance. We collected data in a sample of adults aged 50-70 (N = 123) regarding proactive coping and five trait variables, namely future temporal orientation, goal orientation, dispositional optimism, self-efficacy, and aging anxiety. Results showed that future temporal orientation and, to a lesser extent, goal orientation were significantly associated with proactive coping. In addition, a higher educational level was also important for explaining individual differences in proactive coping, but not regarding all types of potential changes. It seems that the impact of trait factors on proactive coping partially depends on the type of future stressor that is encountered and the skills that are necessary to deal with it effectively.

Coping strategies as indicators of resilience in elderly subjects: a methodological study

Ciencia & saude coletiva, 2019

Coping strategies as components of resilience among the elderly serve three purposes: protection against threats to adaptation, recovery from the effects of adversity, and personal development. The present paper aims to investigate internal and external validity for a coping inventory. 415 elderly subjects (aged 65 and older) answered questions that measure coping, depression, self-rated health and satisfaction with life. Scores were compared with each other as well as according to gender, age and income. Exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency analysis were conducted. Three factors explained 30.8% of the variance: 1. non-adaptive strategies, 2.adaptive strategies, and 3. development strategies. The scale showed moderate internal consistency (α = 0.541). Development strategies were positively correlated with self-rated health and with satisfaction with life, and negatively correlated with depression (p < 0.05). The explained variance and internal validity were modera...

A Resource-Congruence Model of Coping and the Development of the Coping Schemas Inventory

Springer eBooks, 2007

4.3 Stone and Neal's Measure of Daily Coping 4.4 Carver, Scheier and Weintraub's (1989) COPE 4.5 Ender and Parker's MCI and CISS 5. A RESOURCE-CONGRUENCE MODEL OF EFFECTIVE COPING 5.1 What constitutes effective coping 5.2 A resource-congruence model of effective coping 5.3 The importance of congruence 5.4 The duality of psychological resources 5.5 Clarifying the relationship between appraisal and coping 5.6 Advantages of the present model 6. MAJOR SOURCES OF STRESS 6.1 Emotional distress 6.2 Existential crisis 6.3 Personal disabilities and weaknesses 6.4 Societal stress or national disasters 7. MAJOR TYPES OF COPING 7.1 Creative coping 7.1.1 Creative coping as positive coping 7.2 Meaning-focused coping and existential coping 8. RATIONALE FOR THE PRESENT COPING MEASURE 8.1 Coping schemas 8.2 Prototypical coping responses 9. RESEARCH STRATEGY AND METHODS Research strategy 9.1 Research method 9.3 Summary of the stages of research 10. THE FIRST STAGE: THE COPING INVENTORY 10.1 Age differences 10.2 Construct of validity 10.3 Coping behavior of successful agers 11. THE SECOND STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT: THE COAP 11.1 A description of the COAP 11.2 Internal consistency 11.3 Evidence of validity 11.4 Potential usefulness of the COAP 12. THE THIRD STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT: THE CSI 12.1 Study 1A: Factorial Structure of the CSI 12.2 Study 1B: Correlates of CSI with Stress Appraisal and Ways of Coping 13. RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE REVISED CSI (R-CSI) 13.1 Study 1: Evidence of reliability 13.2 Study 2A Revised CSI with CISS and COPE 13.3 Study 2B: Revised CSI and the CRI 14. GENERAL DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 14.1 Contributions to research on effective coping 14.2 Concluding remarks Recent reviews of the coping literature indicate very little cross-cultural research on stress and coping (Folkman & Moscowitz, 2000; Snyder, 1999a; Chapters 1 and 2). Given the importance of the sociocultural context in shaping every aspect of the stress and coping process, the next major step in the psychology of effective coping needs to seriously consider culture-related variables. 1.3 The need for a comprehensive measure of coping Several researchers have suggested that research in this area has been hindered by the lack of valid and comprehensive coping measures (Parker & Endler, 1992, 1996; Fleming, Baum, & Singer, 1984). For example, Amirkhan (1990) has criticised that most studies focus on specific coping strategies related to specific life situations rather than 6. Religion: Increased engagement in religious activities. 7. Positive Reinterpretation and Growth: Making the best of the situation by growing from it, or viewing it in a more favorable light. 8. Restraint Coping: Coping passively by holding back one's coping attempts until they can be of use. 9. Acceptance: Accepting the fact that the stressful event has occurred and is real. 10. Focus on and Venting of Emotions: An increased awareness of one's emotional distress, and a concomitant tendency to ventilate or discharge those feelings. 11. Denial: An attempt to reject the reality of the stressful event.

Stressful Situations and Coping Strategies in Relation to Age

Psychological Reports, 2005

The main objective of this paper is to study if people cope differently with negative events at different ages. We shall use the Spanish version of the Ways of Coping Checklist (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984, 1986). Then, our first objective is to determine whether the factor structure of the Ways of Coping Checklist in an Argentine sample is similar to those reported in the literature. Once the functioning of the Ways of Coping Checklist has been studied, other specific objectives are to explore: whether the types of situations perceived as potentially stressful are connected with age, if the types of coping strategies used to reduce potential stressors are related to the age of the person, and if the kind of coping strategies used to reduce the potential stressors are related to the type of stressor. The Spanish version of The Ways of Coping Checklist was administered to 153 residents of Buenos Aires, further divided into two groups-aged 20 to 24 and aged 40 to 45. We found that factor analysis of Ways of Coping Checklist scores for the Argentinean sample showed five underlying factors: Cognitive redefinition, Problem focus, Seeking social support, Wishful thinking, and Avoidance. Results also indicated that there exists a significant connection between the type of situation that is perceived as potentially stressful and age. The middle age group showed a way of coping aimed at solving the problem, while there seemed to be a tendency among the young group to try to elude problems. It appears that the type of stressor influences type of coping.

Coping with stress across the lifespan: Absolute vs. relative changes in strategy

Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 2007

Developmental theories presume dramatic differences in the coping of the young and old, but with little empirical support. In this study, five demographically matched groups: Pre-Teens (9–12 years, n = 153), Early Teens (13–15, n = 141), Late Teens (16–18, n = 151), Younger Adults (20–29, n = 133), and Older Adults (30–70, n = 133) completed child-friendly Coping Strategy Indicators, in reference to personal problems. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed all age groups use the same types of coping. However, groups differed in their preferences among these types, exhibiting general increases in Problem Solving and declines in Avoidance with age. This pattern held within problem-type, suggesting that it cannot be explained by differences in the stressors experienced. Implications for future research and assessment are discussed.

The Pragmatic Derivation and Validation of Measures of Adaptive and Maladaptive Coping Styles

Cogent Psychology

focus is ageing, she also has a more general interest in health psychology, particularly stress and coping. Malcolm Bond is an applied health psychologist whose research encompasses the psychosocial evaluation of the reaction and adaptation to chronic disease. Research areas include social gerontology (particularly caregiver wellbeing), social-cognitive psychology, stress and coping, abnormal illness behaviour, and health-related decision-making (including motivation and health behaviour change).

Relationship between Copings Mechanisms and Quality of Life in Young Adults

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022

The aim of the present study is to find out the relationship between various coping strategies and various domains of the quality of life. The study was conducted on 123 participants and the questionnaire used for recording the responses were The World Health Organization Quality Of Life (WHOQOL)-Bref, and The Proactive coping inventory (PCI). It has been found that the coping mechanisms tends to have a positive moderate to mild amount of impact on all the domains of the quality of life. However it was found that there is a negative relationship between the avoidance coping mechanism and the quality of life. Any kind of gender differences among the variables were not found in this research. All the formulated objectives were successfully obtained and also the hypotheses which were constructed got accepted. At the end of the research, the possible explanation and circumstances that led to the current result were discussed in details .