Review of clinical profile and bacterial spectrum and sensitivity patterns of pathogens in febrile neutropenic patients in hematological malignancies: A retrospective analysis from a single center (original) (raw)
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Background. Febrile neutropenia is the consequence of treatment of hematological disorders. The first-line empirical treatment should cover the prevalent microorganism of the institute. The aim of study was to establish the effectiveness of current practices used at the institution and to review the culture sensitivity pattern of isolated microorganisms. Patients and Methods. Data was recorded and analyzed prospectively for 226 hospitalized patients of febrile neutropenia from January 2011 till December 2013. Results. Out of 226 cases, 173 were males and 53 were females. Clinically documented infections were 104 (46.01%) and microbiologically documented infections were 80 (35.39%), while 42 (18.58%) had pyrexia of undetermined origin. Gram negative infections accounted for 68 (85%) and Escherichia coli was the commonest isolate. Gram positive microorganisms were isolated in 12 (15%) cases and most common was Staphylococcus aureus. First-line empirical treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin showed response in 184 patients (85.9%) till 72 hours. Conclusion. There is marked decline in infections due to Gram positive microorganisms; however, Gram negative infections are still of great concern and need further surveillance. In this study the antibiogram has shown its sensitivity for empirical antibiotic therapy used; hence, it supports continuation of the same practice.
Journal of Laboratory Physicians, 2015
Background and Objectives: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is considered a medical emergency. Patients with hematological malignancies (HM) commonly experience FN. Broad spectrum antibiotics have to be started empirically to prevent complications. This study depicts the clinical profile, microbiological profile, antibiotic sensitivity pattern, and outcome in high risk HM. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 72 patients with hematologic malignancies, diagnosed and treated for 108 high risk febrile neutropenic episodes from August 2011 to January 2013 at a Regional Cancer Center, in South India were analyzed. Cefoperazone-sulbactum was used as a first-line empiric antibiotic. Results: Majority of the patients with FN episodes had acute myeloid leukemia. Overall culture positivity was 29.62%. The most common organisms isolated were Gram-negative bacilli (63.64%), with Escherichia coli being the most frequent pathogen. All Gram-negative organisms were sensitive to imipenem, where...
2015
From year to year, it is important to get an overview of the occurrence of causative agents in febrile neutropenic patients to deter-mine the empiric treatment. Thus our aims were to evaluate a four-year period regarding the prevalence of bloodstream infections and the most important causative agents. During this period, 1,361 patients were treated in our hematology ward because of various hematological disorders. 812 febrile episodes were recorded in 469 patients. At that time, 3,714 blood culture (BC) bottles were sent for microbiological investigations, 759 of them gave positive signal. From the majority of positive blood culture bottles (67.1%), Gram-positive bacteria, mainly coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), were grown. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from 32.9 % of the positive blood culture bottles, in these cases the leading pathogen was Escherichia coli. The high prevalence of CNS was attributed to mainly contamination, while lower positivity rate for Gram-negati...
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022
BACKGROUND: Febrile neutropenia occurs in more than 80% of patients with hematological malignances specially after chemotherapy cycles and an infectious source is identified in approximately 20–30%. Various bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogen contribute to the development of neutropenic fever and without prompt antibiotic therapy mortality rate can be as high as 70%. AIM: The objective of the study was to document the current sites of infection in patients with febrile neutropenia in hematological ward in Baghdad Teaching Hospital, the microorganisms and antibiotic susceptibly in culture positive cases and mortality rate in 1 week and 4 weeks after episode of fever. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred cases of febrile neutropenia were evaluated in Hematological Ward of Baghdad Teaching Hospital from January 2019 to January 2020. Detailed history, physical examination, and laboratory investigations were conducted and statistical analysis of the results was done. RESULTS: One hundred ...
Tzu Chi Medical Journal, 2011
Objective: Febrile neutropenia is a major complication in patients with malignancies receiving chemotherapy. The pathogens vary in different geographic areas, however, and also may vary in different institutions. This retrospective study analyzed the profile of bacteria in cases of febrile neutropenia at a single medical center in eastern Taiwan. Materials and Methods: From July 2006 to July 2007, we retrospectively evaluated 80 adult cancer patients who were admitted to the hematology and oncology ward in our hospital because of febrile neutropenia. The clinical characteristics of those who survived (survival group) and those who died (mortality group) were compared. The blood culture data and susceptibility to antibiotics during episodes of febrile neutropenia were obtained for interpretation. Results: Among a total of 110 episodes of febrile neutropenia, 31% had documented bacteremia. The most common malignancy among these patients was acute leukemia (31%), followed by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and breast cancer. The median time from the start of chemotherapy to febrile neutropenia was shorter in the mortality group than the survival group (8.5 days vs. 11 days; p ¼ 0.046). The rate of positive blood cultures was much higher in those who died compared to those who survived (75% vs. 23%, p ¼ 0.0001). Gram-negative bacilli were the predominant pathogens in these neutropenic patients, which is different from the trend in Western countries. Infection with Escherichia coli was more common in the survival group and Pseudomonas species were more common in the non-survival group. Grampositive cocci occurred in similar proportions in both groups. E coli in patients with febrile neutropenia were still susceptible to all first-line antibiotics. Conclusions: Adult cancer patients with febrile neutropenia are at a high risk of mortality, especially those with documented bacteremia and short times between chemotherapy and neutropenia. Gram-negative bacilli are still the predominant pathogens in patients with febrile neutropenia and most are still susceptible to all first-line antibiotics. Further investigation into the relationship between the patterns of different pathogens and mortality in this population is needed.
Bacteraemia in febrile neutropenic cancer patients
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2007
A total of 2142 patients with febrile neutropenia resulting from cancer chemotherapy were registered in two observational studies and followed prospectively in different institutions. There were 499 (23%) patients with bacteraemia who are reviewed here. The relative frequencies of Gram-positive, Gram-negative and polymicrobial bacteraemias were 57%, 34% and 10% with respective mortality rates of 5%, 18% and 13%. Mortality rates were significantly higher in bacteraemic patients than in non-bacteraemic patients; a trend for higher mortality was observed (without reaching statistical significance) in those patients in whom bacteraemia was associated with a clinical site of infection compared to bacteraemic patients without any clinical documentation.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
The aim of this study was to study trends in bacterial spectrum and susceptibility patterns of pathogens in adult febrile neutropenic patients during two time periods. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 379 adult oncology patients admitted with chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia at our institute during years 2003 and 2006. A total of 151 organisms were isolated during the two calendar years. Gram negative bacteria accounted for 57.6% of organisms, while gram positive organisms accounted for 42.3% of the total isolates. The most common organisms were: Escherichia coli (23.1%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (13.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (7.9%). The number of gram positive isolates showed an increase from 35% in 2003 to 47.2% in 2006 (p = 0.13). During each calendar year, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were 100% susceptible to vancomycin and 33% strains of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin resistant. Esch...
Iranian Journal of Microbiology
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the drug susceptibility pattern of the pathogens causing bacteraemia and fungemia in patients who have developed febrile neutropenia after chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 95 patients with suspected or proven malignancy (50 patients) were admitted to the adult haematology ward at Taleghani Hospital in Tehran. Blood samples were inoculated into the bottles of Bact/Alert blood culture system and sent to Payvand’s clinical and special laboratory immediately and then incubated at 35 ± 2°C. Culture from positive bottles were plated on appropriate media and incubated at 37°C and 30°C for bacterial and fungal isolation, respectively. A bacterial suspension with turbidity equal to 0.5 McFarland (1.5 × 108 CFU/mL) was prepared and used for the Vitec2 system (biomerioux). Statistical analysis using independent Fisher’s exact test was conducted and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Am...
Turkish journal of haematology : official journal of Turkish Society of Haematology, 2015
Febrile neutropenic episodes (FNEs) are among the major causes of mortality in patients with hematological malignancies. Secondary infections develop either during the empirical antibiotic therapy or 1 week after cessation of therapy for a FNE. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with secondary infections in febrile neutropenic patients. We retrospectively analyzed 750 FNEs in 473 patients between January 2000 and December 2006. Secondary infections were diagnosed in 152 (20%) of 750 FNEs. The median time to develop secondary infection was 10 days (range: 2-34 days). The duration of neutropenia over 10 days significantly increased the risk of secondary infections (p<0.001). The proportion of patients with microbiologically documented infections was found to be higher in primary infections (271/750, 36%) compared to secondary infections (43/152, 28%) (p=0.038). Age; sex; underlying disease; antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral prophylaxis; blood...